Notes in Osmosis

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Published	10/11/2024	Although peribronchial cuffing, hyperinflation, and {{c1::focal atelectasis}} suggest asthma when present, chest x-ray obtained during asthma exacerba…
Published	10/11/2024	During a severe asthma attack, patients who are unable to use inhaled medications can be given an injection of either {{c1::epinephrine}} or {{c2::ter…
Published	10/11/2024	The muscarinic agonist {{c1::methacholine}} is used in bronchial provocation challenges to diagnose asthma.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Status asthmaticus}} is a severe, unrelenting state of asthma where medication and therapies are ineffective.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Theophylline}} is a methylxanthine drug used to treat asthma that has a narrow therapeutic index and causes cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Eosinophils}} are a type of leukocyte increased in asthma.
Published	10/11/2024	Asthma is associated with a(n) {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}} inspiratory:expiratory ratio.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Extrinsic::Extrinsic/Intrinsic}} asthma is typically caused by allergens or environmental antigens.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Charcot-Leyden}} crystals are a feature of asthma that are formed from the breakdown of eosinophils in sputum and crystallization of major basic…
Published	10/11/2024	Asthma is an obstructive lung disease associated with  {{c1::cough, hypoxemia, pulsus paradoxus, dyspnea, tachypnea, and wheezing::6 symptoms}}.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Curschmann spirals}} are spiral-shaped mucous plugs seen in asthma.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Montelukast}} and {{c2::zafirlukast}} are two anti-leukotrienes that are particularly useful in treating aspirin-induced asthma.
Published	10/11/2024	Omalizumab is indicated for the treatment of asthma by preventing {{c1::IgE}} from binding mast cells.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Aspirin-intolerant asthma}} is a form of non-atopic asthma caused by aspirin.
Published	10/11/2024	Inhaled corticosteroids used for {{c1::persistent::intermittent/persistent}} asthma, such as fluticasone and budesonide, inhibit the synthesis of virt…
Published	10/11/2024	Aspirin-intolerant asthma is best treated with {{c1::antileukotrienes}}.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Asthma}} is a type of obstructive lung disease that involves bronchial hyperresponsiveness that yields reversible bronchoconstriction.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Intrinsic::Extrinsic/Intrinsic}} asthma is typically caused by drugs or respiratory tract infections.
Published	10/11/2024	The first line therapy for persistent asthma is inhaled {{c1::corticosteroids}}.
Published	10/11/2024	A reversible obstructive lung disease that can be triggered by viral upper respiratory tract infections, allergens and/or stress is {{c1::asthma}}.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Ipratropium}} and {{c2::tiotropium}} are two antimuscarinic drugs used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Albuterol}} is an inhaled β2-agonist that is commonly used to treat asthma exacerbations.
Published	10/11/2024	Long-acting β2-agonists, such as {{c1::salmeterol}} and {{c2::formoterol}}, are involved in the long-term maintenance of asthma.
Published	10/11/2024	The target of monoclonal antibody omalizumab is {{c1::IgE}} and is used to prevent allergic asthma.
Published	10/11/2024	Management of allergic rhinitis may include avoiding the allergen, anti{{c1::histamine}} medications, nasal irrigation, and a {{c2::glucocorticoid}} n…
Published	10/11/2024	Nasal inflammatory polyps can be caused by {{c1::chronic}} and {{c2::recurrent}} rhinitis.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Chronic::Chronic/acute}} rhinitis can lead to superimposed bacterial infections that extend into the sinuses.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Skin prick test}} is used to identify the specific allergen in allergic rhinitis.
Published	10/11/2024	Allergic rhinitis is a {{c1::type I}} hypersensitivity reaction.
Published	10/11/2024	In allergic rhinitis, immunoglobulin E binds to its receptors on the surface of {{c1::mast}} cells.
Published	10/11/2024	Allergic rhinitis is an example of type {{c1::I}} hypersensitivity in the nose that presents with sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction.
Published	10/11/2024	Phenylephrine is used as a decongestant in patients with {{c1::rhinitis}}.
Published	10/11/2024	Persistent allergic rhinitis is characterized by the presence of symptoms for more than {{c1::four}} days per week for more than four weeks.
Published	10/11/2024	Immunoglobulin {{c1::E::A/E}} is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.
Published	10/11/2024	Early exposure to antigens {{c1::decrease::increase/decrease}} the risk of developing allergic rhinitis.
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