Notes in Pathology of the Testes

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Published	03/15/2025	What is the most common malignancy in young men aged 15–40 in Western populations?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the accepted precursor to testicular cancer?
Published	03/15/2025	Which cancer accounts for 1% of all cancers in men?
Published	03/15/2025	What type of testicular cancer can secrete beta-HCG, potentially leading to gynaecomastia?
Published	03/15/2025	What are the two main types of testicular cancer?
Published	03/15/2025	What type of tumour accounts for 95% of testicular cancers?
Published	03/15/2025	Which two cells are part of the testicular somatic cells during fetal development?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the precursor to invasive germ cell tumours?
Published	03/15/2025	What are the two main subtypes of seminoma?
Published	03/15/2025	What age group is most commonly affected by classical seminoma?
Published	03/15/2025	Which type of teratoma is more likely to metastasize?
Published	03/15/2025	What are the three germ cell layers from which teratomas are derived?
Published	03/15/2025	Which testicular tumour type is the most common in children?
Published	03/15/2025	What percentage of testicular tumours consist of pure embryonal carcinoma?
Published	03/15/2025	Which non-GCT tumour can be classified as an intratubular large cell hyalinising tumour?
Published	03/15/2025	What type of tumour contains both germ cell and sex cord/gonadal stromal components?
Published	03/15/2025	Which tumour marker is produced by yolk sac cells and has a serum half-life of 3–5 days?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the normal value of β-hCG in ng/ml?
Published	03/15/2025	Which imaging modality is primarily used to assess for lymph node, liver, and lung metastases in testicular cancer?
Published	03/15/2025	What is a common ultrasound finding in seminoma?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the primary surgical procedure used to confirm the diagnosis and provide staging information for testicular cancer?
Published	03/15/2025	What must be discussed with patients before radical inguinal orchidectomy?
Published	03/15/2025	Which tumour stage describes testicular cancer confined to the testicle without lymphovascular involvement?
Published	03/15/2025	Which TNM stage indicates distant non-pulmonary visceral metastases?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the first lymph node drainage site for right-sided testicular tumours?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the 5-year disease-specific survival rate for Stage 1 testicular cancer with active surveillance?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the most widely accepted adverse prognostic factor in NSGCT?
Published	03/15/2025	What chemotherapy regimen is standard for adjuvant treatment in NSGCT?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the size cut-off for high-risk relapse in seminomatous GCTs?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following is NOT a documented risk factor for germ cell tumours (GCTs)?
Published	03/15/2025	What percentage of undescended testes (cryptorchidism) are found in the inguinal canal?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following is NOT a recognized subtype of non-seminomatous GCTs?
Published	03/15/2025	What percentage of testicular cancers are Leydig cell tumours?
Published	03/15/2025	Which factor increases the risk of testicular cancer by 4–8 times?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding spermatocytic seminomas?
Published	03/15/2025	Which type of teratoma is described as being formed by cells similar to adult tissues and rarely metastasizing?
Published	03/15/2025	Which tumour type is known to show a tan, fleshy, well-circumscribed mass on gross histopathology?
Published	03/15/2025	Which statement is TRUE regarding embryonal carcinoma?
Published	03/15/2025	Which tumour is known for rapid spread to the lungs, bones, and brain?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following is NOT classified as a sex cord-stromal tumour?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following markers is raised in up to 70% of non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT)?
Published	03/15/2025	Which imaging modality is particularly useful for detecting recurrent testicular cancer lesions post-treatment?
Published	03/15/2025	Which tumour marker’s elevated level is indicative of a large tumour burden but is not specific to testicular cancer?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following correctly describes T3 staging in testicular cancer?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following correctly matches a tumour marker stage with its levels?
Published	03/15/2025	Which lymph nodes are the first site of drainage for left-sided testicular tumours?
Published	03/15/2025	Which treatment is NOT recommended for clinical stage 1 seminomatous GCT (CS1 SGCT) in patients under 40?
Published	03/15/2025	Which is a known toxicity risk associated with bleomycin during chemotherapy?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following factors is NOT associated with poor prognosis in malignant sex cord-stromal tumours?
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the stages in the proposed pathogenesis of germ cell tumours in the correct order:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the steps of the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours in the correct order:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the following types of non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCTs) in the order of typical presentation during a patient’s lifespan:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the following investigations in the logical order for diagnosing metastatic testicular cancer:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the following lymphatic drainage steps in order for a right-sided testicular tumour:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the steps in the post-orchidectomy management of high-risk NSGCT with LVI.
Published	03/15/2025	True or false: testicular cancer 1
Published	03/15/2025	True or false: testicular cancer 2
Published	03/15/2025	True or false: testicular cancer 3
Published	03/15/2025	True or false: testicular cancer 4
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the missing associations related to Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the missing characteristics related to seminoma and non-seminomatous germ cell tumours.
Published	03/15/2025	Complete the table by matching tumour markers with their characteristics.
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the missing details regarding prognostic factors and treatments.
Published	03/15/2025	Painless swelling in the testis \| Back pain \| Cough, chest pain, shortness of breath \| Gynaecomastia
Published	03/15/2025	Seminoma \| Choriocarcinoma \| Prepubertal yolk sac tumour \| Leydig cell tumour
Published	03/15/2025	Mature Teratoma \| Immature Teratoma
Published	03/15/2025	Leydig cell tumour \| Sertoli cell tumour \| Granulosa cell tumour \| Gonadoblastoma
Published	03/15/2025	Well-circumscribed, hypoechoic mass with increased vascularity \| Heterogeneous mass with cystic components and poorly defined margins
Published	03/15/2025	Germ cell neoplasia in situ \| Tumour confined to the testicle without lymphovascular involvement \| Tumour with lymphovascular invasion or invasion of …
Published	03/15/2025	Bleomycin \| Etoposide \| Cisplatin
Published	03/15/2025	Embryonal carcinoma \| Yolk sac tumour \| Choriocarcinoma \| Sertoli cell tumour \| Leydig cell tumour
Published	03/15/2025	Seminoma \| Non-seminoma (teratoma, yolk sac tumour, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma) \| Prepubertal teratoma \| Spermatocytic tumour \| Leydig cell …
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