Notes in PH.S1.L03.ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS

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Published	10/21/2024	In the Cardiovascular Continuum what condition is considered to be the end-stage?HypertensionMyocardial InfarctionArrhythmiasHeart Failure
Published	10/21/2024	Coronary Artery Disease can lead to what cardiovascular condition?AtherosclerosisMyocardial IschaemiaCoronary ThrombosisMyocardial Infarction
Published	10/21/2024	This cardiovascular condition leads to Coronary Thrombosis.ArrhythmiaMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial IschaemiaVentricular Dilation
Published	10/21/2024	Cardiovascular continuum starts with the following risk factors:
Published	10/21/2024	What is the number one risk factor for death worldwide?Diabetes Hypertension Smoking Obesity
Published	10/21/2024	Cardiovascular mortality risk {{c1::doubles}} with each {{c2::20/10 mmHg}} increase in systolic/diastolic blood pressure.
Published	10/21/2024	A systolic blood pressure of {{c1::175}} mmHg corresponds to an {{c2::8%}} risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Published	10/21/2024	Treatment or control of HTN is important because:→ It reduces the incidence of stroke by {{c1::35-40%}}→ It reduces the incidence of {{c1::MI}} by 15-…
Published	10/21/2024	There is significant reduction in the incidence of heart failure (64%) because it is {{c1::already at the end-stage of the continuum}}
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Published	10/21/2024	Appropriate BP measurement:Quiet room, comfortable temperatureNo smoking, coffee, exercise for {{c1::30}} min Empty bladderRelax for {{c1::3}} to {{c1…
Published	10/21/2024	Risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease:
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Published	10/21/2024	In terms of identifying when and how to start HTN treatment, ▪ {{c1::Optimal::Optimal/Essential}}− “What we want”− Evidence-based− Backed-up by {{c1::…
Published	10/21/2024	In terms of identifying when and how to start HTN treatment, ▪ Essential− “{{c1::What is acceptable}}”− Evidence-based− If resources are lacking (e.g.…
Published	10/21/2024	For Grade 1 hypertensive patients, start drug treatment outright, regardless of risk factor {{c1::FALSE::TRUE/FALSE}}
Published	10/21/2024	If drug availability is limited for Grade 1 hypertensive patient (no money/away from pharmacies), he/she may be started with lifestyle intervention fo…
Published	10/21/2024	Grade 1 HTN presents with a systolic BP of
Published	10/21/2024	Grade 1 HTN presents with a diastolic BP of
Published	10/21/2024	High risk patients in Grade 1 HTN includes exceptA. CVD patientsB. CKD patientsC. COD patients
Published	10/21/2024	When should monotherapy be considered, except?A. In low-risk G1 HTNB. In patients <80 years oldC. In frail patientsD. NOTA
Published	10/21/2024	Grade 2 HTN presents with a BP of
Published	10/21/2024	Drug treatment in G2 HTN should be prioritized in high risk patients, true or false?
Published	10/21/2024	Lifestyle interventions include all, except?A. Smoking cessationB. Lower alcohol intakeC. Weight lossD. NOTA
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Published	10/21/2024	IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG TREATMENTTreatments should be {{c1::evidence-based}} in relation to morbidity-mortality preventionUse a {{c1::once-daily…
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Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::Spironolactone}} causes gynecomastia
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Published	10/21/2024	Selective → Has {{c1::Beta-1 selectivity}}, a receptor present in the heartNon-selective → Causes {{c1::bronchoconstriction}}Alpha-blocking ac…
Published	10/21/2024	ISA (Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity)→ Positive ISA ▪ {{c1::Less::More/Less}} Bradycardia ▪ {{c1::Less::More/Less}} Vasoconstriction
Published	10/21/2024	MOA of ACE inhibitors
Published	10/21/2024	TRUE OR FALSEACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin I levels, reduce vasoconstrictor and aldosterone secretion, and increase bradykinin
Published	10/21/2024	TRUE OR FALSEOne of the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors is cough?
Published	10/21/2024	Recommended drugs for HTN with a compelling indication of HF includes the following except:A. Diuretics B. Ca-channel blockerC. B-blockerD. Aldosteron…
Published	10/21/2024	The following are contraindicated drugs for hypertensive patients with CKD except:A. Diuretics B. Ca-channel blockerC. Aldosterone antagonistD. None o…
Published	10/21/2024	True/False: Hypertensive patient with diabetes start taking B-blocker and diuretics simultaneously
Published	10/21/2024	What should be avoided to give to an 80 yo hypertensive patient with diabetes?
Published	10/21/2024	Give the 2 recommended drugs for hypertensive patient in order to prevent recurrent stroke
Published	10/21/2024	True/False: Hypertensive patients with a history of post-MI can be given ARBs and Ca-channel blockers.
Published	10/21/2024	Hypertensive patients with high coronary disease risk are recommended to take the following drugs
Published	10/21/2024	True/False: ACE inhibitors must be avoided in hypertensive patients with history of post MI
Published	10/21/2024	Most hypertensive patients will require at least {{c1::2}} and often {{c1::3}} or more medications of different drug classes
Published	10/21/2024	ID those with red boxes. Clue: Combination of these drugs offers no benefit.{{c1::::}}
Published	10/21/2024	If BP is not on target:{{c1::Increase the dose}} of initial anti HTN med{{c1::Add another drug}} from the same class{{c1::Add another drug}} from a di…
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Published	10/21/2024	RESISTANT HYPERTENSION is defined as failure to achieve a BP goal of <140/90 mm Hg, despite treatment with {{c1::3}} or more different antihyperten…
Published	10/21/2024	Treatment of 3 classification of drugs: {{c1::ACE}} + {{c1::CCB}} + {{c1::Diuretic}}→ Giving {{c1::diuretics}} means the patient is considered to have…
Published	10/21/2024	Percutaneous catheter-based radiofrequency ablation of the renal nerves. To control overactivity of SNS which causes vasoconstriction, RAASstimulation…
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Published	10/21/2024	Hypertension is not easy to controlInternational Data: Approx {{c1::70}} % of Patients do not Reach BP Goal
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