Notes in 14Hemostasis&LabTechniques

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Published	07/30/2024	Procedure for WBC Differential Count1. The stained blood smear is placed on the stage of the microscope and the {{c1::immersion oil}} objective ({{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	d120ea4d9d6b4062a836395925db3e9f-oa-1
Published	07/30/2024	NUMBER OF WBCs TO BE COUNTEDPatient’s WBC <1 x 109/L = {{c1::50::number}} Cells
Published	07/30/2024	NUMBER OF WBCs TO BE COUNTEDRoutine cells counted in differential count = {{c1::100::number}} Cells
Published	07/30/2024	NUMBER OF WBCs TO BE COUNTEDPatient’s WBC >40 x 109/L = {{c1::200::number}} Cells
Published	07/30/2024	NUMBER OF WBCs TO BE COUNTEDPatient’s WBC >100 x 109/L = {{c1::300 or 400::number}} Cells
Published	07/30/2024	WBC TYPES IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD AND REFERENCE RANGES FOR THE LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL WBCDescription of MorphologySuggested Referen…
Published	07/30/2024	WBC TYPES IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD AND REFERENCE RANGES FOR THE LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL WBCDescription of MorphologySuggested Referen…
Published	07/30/2024	WBC TYPES IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD AND REFERENCE RANGES FOR THE LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL WBCDescription of MorphologySuggested Referen…
Published	07/30/2024	WBC TYPES IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD AND REFERENCE RANGES FOR THE LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL WBCDescription of MorphologySuggested Referen…
Published	07/30/2024	WBC TYPES IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD AND REFERENCE RANGES FOR THE LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL WBCDescription of MorphologySuggested Referen…
Published	07/30/2024	WBC TYPES IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD AND REFERENCE RANGES FOR THE LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL WBCDescription of MorphologySuggested Referen…
Published	07/30/2024	Peripheral Smear Preparation{{c1::TWO-SLIDE OR WEDGE}} METHODManner of smear preparation Requires a glass slide and a spreader Simplest proc…
Published	07/30/2024	Peripheral Smear Preparation{{c1::STAINING JAR OR “DIP”}} METHODManner of staining Uses coplin jars
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Platelet Count}}Number of platelets in 1 liter (L) or 1 microliter (mL) of whole bloodSample: {{c2::Whole blood, with EDTA as the anticoagu…
Published	07/30/2024	Total Platelet Count Equation{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Reticulocyte}}Last immature red blood cell stageNormally spends 2 days in the bone marrow and 1 day in the peripheral blood before developing in…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Reticulocyte Count}}Used to assess the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow
Published	07/30/2024	Reticulocyte CountReference Values: Adults: {{c1::0.5}}% to {{c1::1.5}} %Neonates: {{c2::2.5}}% to {{c2::6.5}}%Sample: {{c3::Whole bloo…
Published	07/30/2024	Percent Reticulocyte Count Equation{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood prevented from clotting (by using blood collection in {{c1::citrate}} anticoagulant) and allowed to settle will lead to {{c2::sedimentation}} of…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate}} - is the rate to which RBCs fall
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Westergren}} method is the preferred ESR
Published	07/30/2024	ESR is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of {{c1::inflammatory}} or {{c1::infectious}} states
Published	07/30/2024	ESR Specimen: {{c1::Fresh anticoagulated blood collected in sodium citrate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Phase of Rouleaux Formation: 10 minutesPhase of Sinking: 40 minutesPhase of Packig: 10 minutes
Published	07/30/2024	ESR Reference RangesMales: {{c1::10}} mms/hrFemales: {{c2::13}} mms/hrMales at >50 age: {{c3::15}} mms/hrFemales at >50 age: {{c4::20}} mms/hr
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bleeding Time}}Measures the primary phase of hemostasisInteraction of the platelet with the blood vessel wall and the formation of a hemostatic …
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulation Cascade Intrinsic pathway factors: {{c1::2, 9, 10, 11, 12::5 factors}}main stimulus: {{c1::Exposure of surface endothelium}}Test: {{c1::AP…
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulation Cascade Extrinsic pathway factors: {{c1::3, 7, 10::3 factors}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bleeding Time Laboratory Tests{{c1::Ivy}} MethodCleanse the area 3 fingerwidths below the {{c2::antecubital space}} with alcohol and allow to dryPlace…
Published	07/30/2024	Bleeding Time Laboratory Test Reference ValuesIvy Method: {{c1::1 - 9 minutes}}Duke Method: {{c1::2 - 4 minutes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bleeding Time Laboratory Tests{{c1::Duke's}} MethodCleanse the {{c3::earlobe}} or the 3rd or 4th finger with 70% isopropyl alcohol and allow it to dry…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clotting Time}}Measures the period required for blood to clot or solidify after it has been extracted from the body
Published	07/30/2024	Clotting Time Laboratory Tests{{c1::Whole Blood or Lee and White}} MethodLabel three tubes (1, 2, and 3). Place clean, dry tubes in a 37°C water bath.…
Published	07/30/2024	Clotting Time Laboratory Test Reference ValuesWhole Blood or Lee and White Method: {{c1::7 - 15 minutes}}Drop or Slide Method: {{c1::2 - 4 minutes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clotting Time Laboratory Tests{{c1::Drop or Slide}} MethodPerform a {{c2::skin puncture}}. Discard the first drop of blood. Place a drop of blood…
Published	07/30/2024	Prothrombin TimeReagent: {{c1::Thromboplastin}}Reagent activates the {{c2::EXTRINSIC}} and {{c2::COMMON}} pathways of coagulation mechanism beginning …
Published	07/30/2024	Prothrombin TimeSpecimen: {{c1::Fresh plasma from citrated whole blood is preferred, oxalated plasma}}
Published	07/30/2024	Prothrombin Time Reference Values: {{c1::10 to 15 seconds}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time:: Test}}Used to identify and quantitate deficiencies in the intrinsic clotting system and to control antic…
Published	07/30/2024	Activated Partial Thromboplastin TimeSpecimen: {{c1::Fresh plasma from citrated whole blood}}
Published	07/30/2024	Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Reference Values: {{c1::20-35 seconds}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Prothrombin Time::Test}}Used to detect deficiencies in extrinsic & common pathways; to monitor coumadin (warfarin) therapy
Published	07/30/2024	Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors/Warfarin: {{c1::2, 7, 9, 10::4 factors}}
Published	07/30/2024	Negative Feedback of the Coagulation Cascade: Deactivation of Enzymes leading to thrombin {{c1::Thrombomodulin}} serves as a thrombin sink w…
Published	07/30/2024	Negative Feedback of the Coagulation Cascade: {{c3::tPa}}{{c3::tPa}} cleaves {{c1::plasminogen}} to fibrinolysis.Increased {{c3::tPa}} occurs when act…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Factor V Leiden::Mutation}} is resistant to cleavage by APC, thus are more prone to coagulation/thromboembolus.
Published	07/30/2024	Most potent Negative Feedback of the Coagulation Cascade?{{c1::APC system}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fibrin Clot Degredation is accomplished by {{c1::plasmin}}, a serine protease from plasminogen
Published	07/30/2024	Plasminogen activators for Fibrin Clot Degredation:{{c1::tPa::most important}} {{c1::Urokinase plasminogen activator}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fibrin Clot Degredation  tPa is {{c1::selective::selective/not selective}} for fibrin-bound plasminogenUrokinase plasminogen activator is {{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)}}  is activated by {{c1::thrombin-TM}} complex and renders the clot STABLE and/or m…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HMWK}} is broken down by {{c2::kallikrein}} to form {{c1::Bradykynin}}, enhancing the release of {{c3::tPa}} for the formation of Fibrin Degreda…
Published	07/30/2024	When plasminogen is converted to plasmin, tPA + plasmin has a {{c1::lower::lower/higher}} efficacy (compared to tPA + plasminogen) at breaking do…
Published	07/30/2024	Autosomal dominant fibrinogen/Factor I coagulopathy is called {{c1::dysfibrinogenemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulation Factor Deficiencies Factor deficiencies would lead to {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}} clot formation -> bleeding
Published	07/30/2024	Just look at this HAHAking of my heart. {{c1::body and soul}}
Published	07/30/2024	Manual Cell Count WBC CountRBC Count Secondary squares @ peripheryCenter square @ middleArea: {{c1::4}} mm2Area: {{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	Manual Cell Count RBC Thoma PipetteWBC Thoma Pipette Markings0.5, 1, 1010.5, 1, 11Stem0.0 to 1.00.0 to 1.0Mixing chamb…
Published	07/30/2024	RBC CountUses a/n {{c1::isotonic::hypo/iso/hypertonic}} and {{c1::high}} specific gravity solution to dilute the sample.
Published	07/30/2024	RBC Diluting Fluids for RBC count{{c1::Dacie's Fluid/Formol Citrate}} - best{{c2::Gower's}} - prevent rouleaux formation{{c3::Torsson's}} - stains WBC…
Published	07/30/2024	WBC Count Diluting Fluids: {{c1::1% - 3% Acetic Acid with Gentian fluid}} {{c1::1% Hydrochloric Acid}}{{c1::Tuerk’s}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC count final number: Cells counted x {{c1::10,000}}WBC count final number: Cellx counted x {{c1::50}}
Published	07/30/2024	Microscopic Method for complete blood count that uses a premeasured volume, making it convenient and less prone to error.{{c1::Unopette System }}…
Published	07/30/2024	Microscopic Method for complete blood count that uses 4 ml of diluting fluid for 0.02 mL of blood{{c1::Tube Dilution}}
Published	07/30/2024	Measuring Hemoglobin relies on a weak solution of potassium {{c1::cyanide}} and potassium {{c1::ferricyanide}} called {{c1::Drabkin reagent}…
Published	07/30/2024	In the Cyanmethemoglobin Method, all forms of hemoglobin are measured except {{c1::sulfhemoglobin}}Overanticoagulation of blood {{c2::does NOT::d…
Published	07/30/2024	HemoglobinCyanmethhemoglobin Method ReagentDescription {{c1::Potassium Ferricyanide}}Converts the Hb iron from the fer…
Published	07/30/2024	HemoglobinCyanmethhemoglobin Method{{c1::Turbidity}} may cause a falsely elevated result.
Published	07/30/2024	HemoglobinCyanmethhemoglobin Method Causes of TurbidityCorrections {{c1::High WBC count}} (> 20 x 109/L) Or&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	HemoglobinCopper Sulfate MethodMethod is based on {{c1::specific gravity}}.
Published	07/30/2024	HemoglobinCopper Sulfate MethodSpecific gravity of {{c1::1.053}} is approx. {{c1::12.5%}} of Hb.
Published	07/30/2024	HemoglobinCopper Sulfate MethodIf blood sinks, the Hb is {{c1::higher::lower/higher}} than 12.5%.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hematocrit}}: Volume of packed red blood cells that occupies a given volume of whole blood
Published	07/30/2024	HematocritMicrohematocrit Method ProcedureAnticoagulants used?{{c1::EDTA or heparin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hematocrit FindingSource of Error Increased Hematocrit {{c1::Insufficient packing or centrifugation}} {{c1::Buf…
Published	07/30/2024	RBC Indices RBC Index, UnitDescriptionFormulaReference Range Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), {{c1::femtoliters}}{{c1::A…
Published	07/30/2024	RBC Indices RBC Index, UnitDescriptionFormulaReference Range Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), {{c1::picograms pe…
Published	07/30/2024	RBC Indices RBC Index, UnitDescriptionFormulaReference Range Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC),…
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMicrocytic Anemia FindingsIron DeficiencyMinor ThalassemiaAnemia of Chronic InflammationSideroblastic AnemiaLead Poisoning …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMicrocytic Anemia FindingsIron DeficiencyMinor ThalassemiaAnemia of Chronic InflammationSideroblastic AnemiaLead Poisoning …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMicrocytic Anemia FindingsIron DeficiencyMinor ThalassemiaAnemia of Chronic InflammationSideroblastic AnemiaLead Poisoning …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMicrocytic Anemia FindingsIron DeficiencyMinor ThalassemiaAnemia of Chronic InflammationSideroblastic AnemiaLead Poisoning …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMicrocytic Anemia FindingsIron DeficiencyMinor ThalassemiaAnemia of Chronic InflammationSideroblastic AnemiaLead Poisoning …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMicrocytic Anemia FindingsIron DeficiencyMinor ThalassemiaAnemia of Chronic InflammationSideroblastic AnemiaLead Poisoning …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMicrocytic Anemia FindingsIron DeficiencyMinor ThalassemiaAnemia of Chronic InflammationSideroblastic AnemiaLead Poisoning …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMicrocytic Anemia FindingsIron DeficiencyMinor ThalassemiaAnemia of Chronic InflammationSideroblastic AnemiaLead Poisoning …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaMacrocytic Anemia MegaloblasticNon-megaloblastic Examples{{c1::Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency}}{{c1::Pernicio…
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaNormocytic Anemia AnemiaEtiologyBlood SmearHg ElectrophoresisOther {{c1::Sickle Cell Anemia}}Inheritance of sick…
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaNormocytic Anemia AnemiaEtiologyBlood SmearHg ElectrophoresisOther {{c1::Sickle cell Trait (AS) }}Inheritance of…
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaNormocytic Anemia AnemiaEtiologyBlood SmearHg ElectrophoresisOther {{c1::Hgb C disease (CC)}} Inheritance of g…
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaNormocytic Anemia AnemiaEtiologyBlood SmearHg ElectrophoresisOther {{c1::Hgb C trait (SC)}} Inheritance of …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaNormocytic Anemia AnemiaEtiologyBlood SmearHg ElectrophoresisOther {{c1::SC disease (SC)}} Inheritance of 1…
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaNormocytic Anemia AnemiaEtiologyBlood SmearHg ElectrophoresisOther {{c1::Hereditary spherocytosis}} Defect …
Published	07/30/2024	AnemiaNormocytic Anemia AnemiaEtiologyBlood SmearHg ElectrophoresisOther {{c1::Autoimmune hemolytic anemia}} A…
Published	07/30/2024	Prekallikrein (pre-K) aka {{c1::Fletcher factor}} is a {{c1::serine protease}}
Published	07/30/2024	High-molecular-weight kininiogen (HMWK) aka {{c1::Fitzgerald factor}} is a {{c1::cofactor}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Platelet factor 3 (PF3)}} or phospholipids or phosphatidylserine is an assembly molecule
Published	07/30/2024	Fibrin, to form stable clot, would be cleaved into...fibrinopeptide A: {{c1::end-to-end}} polymerizationfibrinopeptide B: {{c1::side-to-side}} polymer…
Published	07/30/2024	Negative Feedback of the Coagulation Cascade: {{c2::Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)}}blocks the {{c1::extrinsic}} factor complex and reduc…
Published	07/30/2024	Acquired coagulopathies involving factors {{c1::I, V and VII}} are the following:Severe liver diseaseDiffuse intravascular coagulationFibrinolysis
Published	07/30/2024	Autosomal dominant antihemophilic factor/Factor VIII coagulopathy is called {{c1::vWD}}
Published	07/30/2024	X-linked recessive antihemophilic factor/Factor VIII coagulopathy is called {{c1::Hemophilia A (Classic)}}
Published	07/30/2024	X-linked recessive Christmas factor/Factor IX coagulopathy is called {{c1::Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Autosomal recessive Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) factor/Factor XI coagulopathy is called {{c1::Hemophilia C (Rosenthal syndrome)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Prekallikrein coagulopathy is called {{c1::Fletcher trait}}
Published	07/30/2024	HMWK coagulopathy is called {{c1::Fitzgerald trait}}
Published	07/30/2024	Just read this. RBC and WBC pipette methodCrazy {{c1::girl}}
Published	07/30/2024	Equation for WBC and RBC count:{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Autosomal recessive fibrinogen/Factor I coagulopathy is called {{c1::afibrinogenemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	WBC CountUses a/n {{c1::hypertonic::hypo/iso/hypertonic}} sample
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