Notes in FWMGAB Danny

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Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Cardiac output}} increases in sepsis mediated distributive shock
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Acute pericarditis::cardiac pathology}} may show diffuse ST elevations on ECG, can be seen in SLE
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::β-blockers}} are first-line medications for myocardial infarction and will slow heart rate by decreasing the activity of the&nbsp…
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Heparin (not warfarin)::what anticoagulant}} can cause thrombocytopenia,
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Doxorubicin (not Bleomycin which is lungs)::What chemotherapy}} can cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Published	11/30/2023	Verapamil affects the phase {{c1::0 upstroke}} of SA nodes
Published	11/30/2023	Phentolamine is a reversible {{c1::alpha1 alpha 2 antagonist::what receptors}}
Published	11/30/2023	Nitroglycerin-driven venodilation results in {{c1::reduced}} venous return and {{c1::decreased}} preload, which reduces myocardial…
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Aschoff bodies}} are associated with rheumatic heart disease
Published	11/30/2023	Neutrophilic infiltration occurs between {{c1::1 and 3}} days after an acute MI.
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Aortic dissection}} may present with sudden-onset pain in the chest and back and widened mediastinum. Associated with HTN
Published	11/30/2023	The {{c1::left common carotid}} artery is the second major branch of the aortic arch
Published	11/30/2023	A patient with a {{c1::history of a distant myocardial infarction (MI)}} would most likely show pathologic Q waves on EC…
Published	11/30/2023	Bilateral abdominal bruits is suggestive of {{c1::renal artery stenosis}}. {{c2::ACEi::what drug}} is contraindicated in this
Published	11/30/2023	Prazosin is a selective {{c1::α1-receptor antagonist}}
Published	11/30/2023	Metoprolol is a {{c1::cardioslective Beta1::what type}} blocker that is ideal for MI patients
Published	11/30/2023	Warfarin can increase {{c1::prothrombin}} time
Published	11/30/2023	Patients with {{c2::chronic atrial fibrillation}} are often prescribed a direct oral anticoagulant such as {{c1::Rivaroxaban}}
Published	11/30/2023	Vitamin K deficiency presents with easy bruising and a propensity for bleeding, along with an increased {{c1::Both PT and PTT.::PT…
Published	11/30/2023	Risk factors for {{c1::Infective Endocarditis}} are IVDU, Dialysis, and Dental Procedures
Published	11/30/2023	Coarctation of the Aorta increases risk for {{c1::stroke}}, aneurysms, HF, and endocarditis
Published	11/30/2023	Staph (especially in {{c1::dialysis}} and {{c1::IVDU}}), viridans, and enterococci are common causes of IE
Published	11/30/2023	Mitral Regurgitation is associated with a {{c1::holosystolic murmur::sound}} that may occur acutely after a MI, due to rupture of the papillary m…
Published	11/30/2023	{{c2::Mitral stenosis}} causes increased left atrial pressure, which can be measured on right heart catheterization as an {{c1::increased pulmona…
Published	11/30/2023	The most common cause of systolic HF is {{c1::ischemic heart disease due to coronary artery disease.}}
Published	11/30/2023	Doxorubicin, is a {{c1::DNA intercalator::MOA}}
Published	11/30/2023	What is this? {{c1::Aschoff body}}
Published	11/30/2023	Pulsus {{c1::paradoxus}}, a fall in blood pressure of more than 10 mm Hg during inspiration, is seen in {{c2::cardiac tamopnade}}
Published	11/30/2023	High levels of {{c1::GH::what hormone}} can lead to diabetes mellitus
Published	11/30/2023	Renal Cell Carcinoma can cause excess {{c1::PTHrH, EPO, ACTH, Renin (PEAR)}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::AD}} Polycystic Kidney Disease can present with Cerebral Berry Aneurysms
Published	11/30/2023	Goodpasture presents with {{c1::Hemoptysis}}. Alpport Syndrome presents with {{c1::Hematuria}}
Published	11/30/2023	PSGN is a Type {{c1::III}} HSR
Published	11/30/2023	FSGN: Nephrotic, seen in HIV and {{c1::Drug Use}}
Published	11/30/2023	Headache, blurry vision, vomiting, hypotension, and facial flushing after consumption of alcohol suggest a {{c1::disulfiram-like}} reaction
Published	11/30/2023	Hypopituitarism can cause decrease in {{c1::all pituitary}} hormones
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Carcinoid}} Syndrome secretes large amount of serotonin
Published	11/30/2023	Acromegaly is characterized by hand, feet, tongue growth. IGF-1 acts on a {{c1::Tyrosine Kinase::what enzyme}}
Published	11/30/2023	TSH is secreted from the {{c1::Pituitary}}. TRH is secreted from the {{c1::Hypothalamus}}. A sella turcica mass affects {{c2::TSH}}
Published	11/30/2023	Incretins decrease blood glucose levels. They include {{c1::GLP, GIP::2}}
Published	11/30/2023	IgA Vasculitis: fever, {{c1::purpura}}, hematuria, abdominal pain
Published	11/30/2023	Renal Artery Stenosis Signs: Sudden increase BP, {{c1::Abdominal Bruit::key clinical sign}}
Published	11/30/2023	Renal Osteodystrophy is seen in {{c1::CKD}}.
Published	11/30/2023	Thiazides can cause {{c1::Euvolemic::volume status}} Hyponatremia
Published	11/30/2023	NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction of {{c1::afferent}} artiole
Published	11/30/2023	Causes of nephrotoxic ATN: {{c1::CLEAR (Cisplatin, Lead, , Ethlyene Glycol, Aminoglycosides, Radiocontrast)}}
Published	11/30/2023	The most common cause of non-renal stone urinary obstruction in women is a {{c1::pelvic tumor}}
Published	11/30/2023	Lack of nitrite is suggestive of a gram-{{c1::positive organism (staph or Enterococcus)}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Enterococcus}} features: UTI, Bile Esculin Agar
Published	11/30/2023	Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State is characterized by: hyperglycemia, {{c1::no ketones::ketone status}}, T2DM
Published	11/30/2023	Methanol and Ethylene Glycol can cause {{c1::Hyperosmolarity}} and Anion Gap M.A.
Published	11/30/2023	Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is treated with {{c1::TMP-SMX}}
Published	11/30/2023	Diarrhea causes {{c1::normal anion gap metabolic ACIDOSIS::acid-base}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::G6PD::what pathology}}: RBC hemolysis → dark urine fatigue jaundice
Published	11/30/2023	Methotrexate is a reversible competitive inhibitor of {{c1::DHFR}}.
Published	11/30/2023	HSV-1 demonstrates latency via a {{c1::kinesin}} dependent anterograde transport
Published	11/30/2023	Adult T-cell leukemia is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with {{c1::HTLV-1.}}
Published	11/30/2023	Hands Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD) is caused by {{c1::coxsackie bvirus A or enteroviruses::2 viruses}}
Published	11/30/2023	Postauricular lymphadenopathy and maculopapular rash with no prior vaccinations: think {{c1::rubella}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Kaposi Sarcoma}} is HHV-8. It is an AIDS-Defining illness
Published	11/30/2023	Scarlet Fever: {{c1::diffuse erythemetous::type of rash}} rash Measles: {{c1::maculopapulary rash::type of rash}}
Published	11/30/2023	Lyme’s Disease can have {{c1::third}} degree heart block
Published	11/30/2023	Toxic Shock Syndrome: {{c1::Erythemetous}} rash, high fever, myalgia, diarrhea
Published	11/30/2023	Plasmodia Falciparum: think hepatosplenomegaly, {{c1::cerebral}} involvement, and irregular fever cycle
Published	11/30/2023	Staphylococcal scalded syndrome are exotoxins that attack {{c1::desmosomes}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Rosacea}} is characterized by erythemetous papules, facial flushing, no comedones
Published	11/30/2023	Erythroderma is due to drugs, widespread rash within a week. Drug HSR takes about {{c1::2-6 weeks.}}
Published	11/30/2023	Li-Fraumani Syndrome: {{c1::SBLA}} syndrome
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Basal Cell Carcinoma}} histology shows palisading nuclei
Published	11/30/2023	Actinic Keratosis is a precursor to {{c1::Squamous Cell Carcinoma.}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Seborrheic keratosis}} has the benign stuck on appearance
Published	11/30/2023	Xeroderma pigmentosum is a disorder caused by a defect in {{c1::nucleotide}} excision repair,
Published	11/30/2023	Melanoma metastasize to {{c1::BBLL: Bone Brain Lung Liver}}
Published	11/30/2023	Bone metastases is characterized by {{c1::high}} calcium, {{c1::high}} ALP, and {{c1::normal}} PO4
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Retinal detachment}} is preceded by floaters and flashes of light
Published	11/30/2023	NF1 = {{c1::Lisch nodules in eye}}, NF2 = {{c1::bilateral cataracts, acoustic neuromas}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Age related macular degenration}} is diagnosed with a Amsler grid, with the straight lines appearing as curves.
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis}}: intermittent fevers, erythematous (“salmon-pink”) rash, elevated WBC and platelets, anemia, elevated …
Published	11/30/2023	What are the extra-articular symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?{{c1:: I felt heartbroken after Cap’s Loss to Sjorgen Eye (scleritis) Felty (neutropeni…
Published	11/30/2023	Antiphospholipid ab syndromse is sometimes a cause of {{c1::hypercoaguability}}
Published	11/30/2023	How to differentiate between MPA and EGPA:{{c1::MPA has no asthma, no granuloma, no eosinophillia}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::dermatomyositis}}: shoulders and eyelids ANA antibody
Published	11/30/2023	PAN spares the {{c1::pulmonary}} arteries
Published	11/30/2023	Polyarteritis Nodosa is a segmented transmural {{c1::fibrinoid}} necrosis
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Polyarteritis Nodosa}}: “SKIN” , HepB, Type III HSR
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Kawasaki disease::what vasculitis}} is associated with coronary artery aneurysms
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Antihistone}} antibodies designate drug-induced lupus
Published	11/30/2023	Dermatomyositis is same as polymyositis with addition of {{c1::hand, eyelid}}, {{c2::CD4}}+ T Cells
Published	11/30/2023	Polymyositis is characterized by symmettric {{c1::proximal muscle weakness}}, {{c2::CD8+}} T Cells
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Cafe au lait}} spots and lisch nodules (eye) are characteristic of Neurofibromatosis
Published	11/30/2023	Alendronate is a bisphosphonate which can cause {{c1::chest pain/burning esophagus::complication}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Osteogenesis Imperfecta}}: utero fractures, blue sclerae, small jaw, soft skull, and joint hypermobility
Published	11/30/2023	osteonecrosis occurs because of injury to the {{c1::medial femoral circumflex}} artery, which supplies blood to the femoral head.
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Vitamin C}} deficiency presents with heavy alcohol, fatigue, bruising, swollen gums
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Osteosarcoma}} typically produces a codmans triangle or sunburst
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Muscarinics (agonists or an tagonists)::class of drugs}} will affect accomodation.
Published	11/30/2023	Methotrexate induced pancytopenia can be reduced by use of {{c1::leucovorin, a folinic acid}}
Published	11/30/2023	Local anesthetics (esters and amides) block {{c1::voltage gated Na channels::what channels}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::GPA (Churg-Strauss) }}is a small-vessel vasculitis that causes upper respiratory disease, purpuric rash, hematuria, and…
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Cromolyn sodium}} directly binds to mast cells, thereby preventing their degranulation
Published	11/30/2023	Zafirlukast is a {{c1::leukotriene antagonist,::MOA}}Zileuton prevents leukotriene production by {{c1::blocking 5-LOX::MOA}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Bronchiectasis}} is associated with recurrent infections and dilated bronchioles (seen on CT)
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis}} presents with progressive dyspnea/cough, crackles, and honeycombing
Published	11/30/2023	Asthma is associated with bronchiolar {{c1::smooth muscle}} hypertrophy
Published	11/30/2023	Asbestosis affects the {{c1::lower}} lobes, Silicosis affects the {{c1::upper}} lobes
Published	11/30/2023	Asbestos exposure puts patient at risk for {{c1::mesothelioma and bronchogenic (mostly non–small cell) carcinoma.::2 things}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::ARDS}} is due to SPPARTAS
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Rifampin::what drug}} turns patients urine either orange or red
Published	11/30/2023	Typical of severe {{c1::bronchiolitis}} are tachypnea, nasal flaring, suprasternal retraction, and hypoxemia, indicated by an SpO2 of 9…
Published	11/30/2023	Bronchiolitis presents in infants with cough, congestion, and bilateral wheezing, commonly caused by {{c1::RSV}} in infants
Published	11/30/2023	Acyclovir and Valcyclovir are used to treat {{c1::HSV::virus}}
Published	11/30/2023	Aminoglycoside resitance is via enzyme {{c1::inactivation}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::CMV}} shows scary owl eyes on histology
Published	11/30/2023	Pericarditis is frequently preceded by a URT viral infection, such as {{c1::Coxsackie B Virus}}
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Parvovirus}} is a single stranded DNA Virus
Published	11/30/2023	{{c1::Legionella::what bacteria}} can manifest as MUSCLE PAIN DUE TO HYPONATREMIA!
Published	11/30/2023	Respiratory infections, history of foul-smelling stools that float, and small stature in a young age are highly suggestive of {{c1::cystic fibrosis&nb…
Published	11/30/2023	An example of a type IV HSR is erythema {{c1::nodosum}}, which is characterized by tender red nodules, often on the shins.
Published	11/30/2023	h {{c1::r}}
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