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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	12/13/2024	Peripheral smear.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Plasma cell leukemia}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Hemorhagic disorders can be broadly classified as:1. {{c1::Primary}} vs {{c1::secondary}}.2. {{c2::Vessel wall}}, {{c2::platelet}}, or {{c2::coagulati…
Published	12/13/2024	Lesions involving small blood vessels leaking blood into local tissue are classified by size as:1. {{c1::Petechiae}} = diameter {{c2::<=2}}{{c2::}}…
Published	12/13/2024	Defects in {{c1::primary}} hemostasis often present with small bleeds in the {{c2::skin}} or {{c3::mucosal}} surfaces.
Published	12/13/2024	Defects in {{c1::secondary}} hemostasis often present with bleeding bleeds in the {{c2::deep soft tissue}} or {{c3::join…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Shock}} is a state of circulatory failure that impairs {{c2::tissue perfusion}} and leads to {{c3::cellular hypoxia}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The major categories of shock are:1. {{c1::Hemorrhagic/hypovolemic}}.2. {{c2::Cardiogenic}}.3. {{c3::Obstructive}}.4. {{c4::Distributive}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Disorders that perturb {{c3::cardiovascular}}, {{c4::renal}}, or {{c5::hepatic}} function (organs) are often marked by accumulatio…
Published	12/13/2024	Generally there is a small net movement of fluid {{c2::into}} the interstitium that drains into lymphatics to ultimately return to bloodstre…
Published	12/13/2024	Fundamental pathophysiologic categories of edema include:1. {{c1::Increased hydrostatic pressure, impaired venous return (e.g. CHF, constrictive peric…
Published	12/13/2024	Primary/genetic causes of hypercoagulable states include:1. {{c1::Common}} ({{c2::factor V Leiden mutation}}; {{c3::prothrombin mutation}}; increased …
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::factor V Leiden}} mutation ({{c2::Arg 506 Glyn}}) is an {{c3::autosomal co-dominantly}} inherited condition that renders…
Published	12/13/2024	The prothrombin gene mutation {{c1::G20210A}} occurs in the {{c2::3'-untranslated region}} of the prothrombin gene and results in&…
Published	12/13/2024	Rare inherited deficiencies in {{c1::anti-coagulant}} proteins include {{c2::anti-thrombin}}, {{c3::protein C,}} and {{c…
Published	12/13/2024	Hypercoagulability due to {{c1::oral contraceptive use}} or {{c2::pregnancy (hyperestrogenic)}} is likely due to {{c3::increa…
Published	12/13/2024	The prothombotic effects of homocysteine are thought to occur due to {{c1::thioester linkages between homocysteine metabolites and pro-coagulant …
Published	12/13/2024	{{c4::Anti-phospholipid syndrome}} is an {{c5::autoimmune}} disorder characterized by:1. {{c6::>=1 anti-phospholipid autoantibodies}…
Published	12/13/2024	Anti-phospholipid syndrome is classified as:1. {{c1::Primary}} = {{c2::associated with well-defined autoimmune disorder (most commonly SLE)}} (~{{c3::…
Published	12/13/2024	In anti-phospholipid syndrome, anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against {{c3::anionic membrane phospholipids}} or proteins associat…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Virchow's}} triad for thrombosis include:1. {{c2::Endothelial injury}}.2. {{c3::Stasis or turbulent blood flow}}.3. {{c4::Hypercoagulabilit…
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