Notes in 01 Introductory concepts

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Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe minor fissure appears as a {{c1::fine, horizontal line}} on both frontal & lateral views.
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsThe {{c3::physiologic::pathological/physiologic }}major (oblique) fissure appears only on {{c1::later…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsThe {{c2::pathologic::pathological/physiologic}} major (oblique) fissure appears on {{c1::frontal and…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsIn the right lung, the major fissure separates the right  {{c1::upper and middle}} lobe(s) from …
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c1::azygos}} fissure is an accessory fissure present in less than 1% of patients, only seen when {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c2::azygous}} lobe is actually where a portion of the {{c1::apical right upper}} lobe is e…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c1::superior accessory}} fissure is seen in approximately 5% of patients and separates the {{c2::sup…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c1::inferior accessory}} fissure is seen in approximately 12% of patients, more commonly in the…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c1::left minor}} fissure is present in approximately 8% of patients and separates the {{c2…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsAir bronchograms {{c1::are not::are/are not}} seen in atelectasis caused by {{c2::central::central or…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsAir bronchograms {{c1::are::are/are not}} seen in atelectasis caused by {{c2::external::central or ex…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsObstructive atelectasis occurs {{c1::more::more/less}} quickly if the patient is utilizing {{c2::supplemen…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsIn children, obstruction of an airway causes {{c1::hyperinflation}} of the affected lobe. This is secondary to …
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c1::Subsegmental}} atelectasis is a subtype of {{c2::obstructive}} atelectasis that is co…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c1::Relaxation (passive)}} atelectasis is caused by {{c1::relaxation}} of lung adjacent to an {{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c1::Adhesive}} atelectasis is caused by {{c2::surfactant}} deficiency.
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c1::Cicatricial}} atelectasis is caused by volume loss from {{c3::architectural distortion}} o…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsLobar atelectasis is usually caused by obstruction of the {{c1::central}} bronchi, secondary to …
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsIf lobar atelectasis occurs acutely, the likely cause is {{c1::mucus plugging}}, but a {{c1::cen…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsMucus plugging is most common in the {{c1::lower::lower/upper}} lobes, and is least commonly found in…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsCollapse of the {{c2::left upper}} lobe leads to {{c1::anterior}} displacement of the {{c3::major}}&n…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c1::luftsichel}} sign is a {{c3::crescent::shape}} of air seen on frontal radiograph in {{c4::left u…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c1::reverse S sign of Golden::sign}} is seen in {{c3::collapse}} of the {{c2::right upper}} lobe.&nb…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsRight or left upper lobe collapse should raise concern for {{c1::malignancy}} in adults or {{c2::mucu…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c1::juxtaphrenic peak}} sign is a peridiaphragmatic {{c4::triangular::shape}} opacity caused by…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c1::Triangular retrocardiac}} opacity is the main imaging feature of {{c2::left lower}} lobe collapse (a…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe {{c1::flat waist}} sign describes the flattening of the {{c2::left heart}} border due to {{c5::po…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsWhy is lower lobe collapse (atelectasis) not well visualized on lateral view?{{c1::Lobes collapse medially}}
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsAtelectasis of both the right middle and lower lobe is caused by obstruction of the {{c2::bronchus interme…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c1::Round}} atelectasis is a {{c3::focal::focal/diffuse}} morphology of lung collapse that is always&nbs…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsRound atelectasis is most commonly found in the {{c1::posterior::anterior/posterior}} {{c2::lower::lo…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsRound atelectasis requires {{c7::all::how many?}} 5 of the following criteria be met:- Abnormality in…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c5::Direct}} signs of atelectasis from {{c6::lobar}} volume loss include:- Displacement of the lung…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c5::Indirect}} signs of atelectasis from volume loss on {{c6::adjacent structures}} include:1)…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsThe {{c1::minor fissure}} separates the {{c2::right upper lobe (RUL)::lobe}} from the {{c2::right middle lobe (…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsFrontal radiograph finding: {{c4::Veil}}-like opacity with obscured {{c5::left cardiac}} marginYellow arro…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsBlue arrow: {{c1::Right upper}} lobe {{c5::opacity}} with {{c6::superior}} displacement of the {{c7::minor…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsYellow arrows: {{c1::Triangular::shape}} {{c2::retrocardiac::location}} opacityRed arrow: {{c4::Poste…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsBlue arrow: {{c1::Triangular::shape}} opacity at the {{c4::right lower}} zone with {{c5::apex}} pointing t…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory concepts Blue arrows: Indistinct opacity in the right lung with focal {{c4::silhouetting}} of the {{c1::right…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsRed arrows: {{c1::Rounded::shape}} opacity in the medial {{c4::right lower}} lobeKey findings: Abnorm…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c1::Atelectasis}} is defined as loss of {{c2::lung volume}} due to decreased {{c3::aeration}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c2::Atelectasis}} is synonymous with {{c1::collapse}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsAtelectasis may be caused by bronchial {{c1::obstruction}}, {{c2::mucus plugging}} or external {{c3::compressio…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsObstructive atelectasis occurs when {{c1::alveolar}} gas is absorbed by blood circulating through {{c1::alveola…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory Concepts{{c1::Obstructive}} atelectasis can cause {{c2::lobar}} atelectasis, which is {{c3::complete collapse}} of a lo…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsIn children, airway obstruction is most often due to {{c1::an aspirated foreign object}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsAdesive atelectasis is seen most commonly in {{c1::neonatal}} respiratory distress syndrome, but can also be se…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsIt is important to recognize left upper lobe collapse and not mistake the left lung opacity with {{c1::pneumoni…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsThe reverse S of the reverse S sign of Golden or "Golden S" sign in RUL collapse is caused by the central {{c1:…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsThe juxtaphrenic peak sign is related to diaphragmatic traction seen in {{c1::upper}} lobe {{c2::volume loss}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory ConceptsWhat is the difference between RUL atelectasis and LUL atelectasis?{{c1::Mirror-images}} of each other with {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsThe findings of right middle lobe atelectasis can be subtle on {{c1::frontal::frontal/lateral}} radiograph.
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsThe findings of RML atelectasis on frontal radiograph may include silhouetting of the {{c1::right heart border}…
Published	05/01/2023	Thoracic Imaging: Introductory conceptsThe findings of RML atelectasis on lateral radiograph include a {{c1::triangular}} opacity {{c2::anteriorly::an…
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