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☕️ Coffee - ☕️ PHYSIOLOGY 2ND BIMONTHLY EXAM [page 240]

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Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. During normal quiet respiration, only 5 to 10 percent of the total energy expended by the body is require…
Published	01/14/2024	This phospholipid is responsible for reducing the surface tension by not dissolving uniformly the fluid lining the alveolar surface A. Stearoyl-CoA B.…
Published	01/14/2024	What is the effect of alveolar radius on the pressure caused by surface tension? A. Alveolar radius has no effect on the pressure caused by surface te…
Published	01/14/2024	These cells which constitute about 10 percent of the surface area of the alveoli are granular and contain lipid inclusions that are secreted in the su…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the statements is FALSE? A. The fluid-air surface tension elastic forces of the lungs decrease tremendously when the substance called surfact…
Published	01/14/2024	To cause inward flow of air into the alveoli during inspiration, what value must the alveolar pressure have? A. Above atmospheric pressure B. Below at…
Published	01/14/2024	If we increase negativity of the pleural pressure, what would be its effect to the lung volume? A. Decrease B. Either increase or decrease C. Increase…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these is the CORRECT sequence, regarding the ultrastructure diffusion of carbon dioxide from the RBC to the alveolus? 1. Epithelial basement …
Published	01/14/2024	An 18-month-old male is found to have a deficit in the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-beta. Which of the following cells are most likely to be affect…
Published	01/14/2024	An infant is brought to the hospital for recurrent pneumonia, ear infection and diarrhea over the last 3 months. Analysis of the patient’s serum showe…
Published	01/14/2024	Antibody to this cytokine can be used to treat allergic disorders such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis A. IL-2 B. IL-4 C. IL-7 D. IL-2…
Published	01/14/2024	Based on the law of Laplace, which of the following statements is true? A. Without surfactant, no pressure gradient will develop between the alveoli B…
Published	01/14/2024	For vaccination against mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, the most important part of the immune response to be stimulated is A. cytotoxic T…
Published	01/14/2024	Freddie Mercury was a popular rock star, known to be a sexually active gay man, exhibited symptoms such as hairy leucoplakia and was often too sick or…
Published	01/14/2024	If the partial pressure of a particular gas in chamber A is 35 mm Hg and in chamber B is 85, which of the following is correct? A. That gas will diffu…
Published	01/14/2024	Immune complexes are likely to be pathogenic resulting to tissue damage in the presence of A. antibody excess B. slight antigen excess C. antigen exce…
Published	01/14/2024	In an organ transplant, when searching for a donor, the _____ of the donor and recipient must match as closely as possible. A. cytokines B. leukocytes…
Published	01/14/2024	In an immune system experiment, the thymus gland was removed from baby mice. The predictable result is that the mice A. never developed cancerous tumo…
Published	01/14/2024	In emphysema (the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged), which of those factors affect the rate of diffusion of gases across the respiratory me…
Published	01/14/2024	In the thymus, T cells are trained. For the T cell to survive and mature, it must A. recognize self-antigen B. not recognize MHC antigen C. be removed…
Published	01/14/2024	In which of the following conditions will there be an increased dissociation of oxygen and hemoglobin? A. A pregnant patient B. A patient with metabol…
Published	01/14/2024	Pathogen that would be processed and loaded into MHC class II molecules are antigens from A. virally infected host cell B. parasites infecting host ce…
Published	01/14/2024	The average alveolar Po2 is 104 mm Hg and the venous blood Po2 is 40 mm Hg. The initial pressure difference that causes O2 to diffuse into the pulmona…
Published	01/14/2024	The following increases the vertical dimensions of the chest cage A. Contraction of the external intercostals B. Contraction of the abdominal recti C.…
Published	01/14/2024	The idea behind vaccination is to induce _________ without requiring the vaccinated individual to get sick. A. inflammation B. anaphylactic shock C. p…
Published	01/14/2024	The pressure that is exerted by the alveolar fluid that tends to collapse the lung is the A. elastic recoil B. transmural pressure C. pleural pressure…
Published	01/14/2024	The thoracic cage _________ lung compliance. A. has no effect on B. increases C. decreases D. neutralizes
Published	01/14/2024	These are involved in defense against viral infection, EXCEPT A. granzyme B. MHC II molecule C. CD8 cytotoxic T cell
Published	01/14/2024	What is the volume of alveolar air that is renewed by the atmospheric air with each inspiration is A. 150 ml B. 250 ml C. 350 ml D. 500 ml
Published	01/14/2024	Which among the choices is NOT a factor that affects the rate of gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane? A. Pressure difference across the res…
Published	01/14/2024	Which among the following statements regarding diffusion capacity is CORRECT? A. Diffusing capacity for CO2 has never been measured B. The volume of a…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is NOT one of the most important lymphokines secreted by the T-helper cells? A. Granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor …
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding factors that determine the partial pressure of gas? A. Humidification of the air does not affect the oxygen p…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding movement of gas molecules? A. Net diffusion molecules follow a concentration gradient B. Free molecules move …
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following proteins are secreted as part of the active immune response? A. Complement B. Immunoglobulin C. Defensin D. All of the given ch…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following reflect/s vital capacity? A. Inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume B. Tidal volume plus functional residual…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following shows the correct relationship? A. Increased blood flow – increased interstitial fluid Po2 B. Increased metabolism – decreased …
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following mechanisms is NOT correct about the special attributes of cell-mediated immunity? A. Although B lymphocytes recognize intact an…
Published	01/14/2024	Which statement is true? A. The increase in blood flow during exercise decreases the physiologic dead space in the upper part of the lung B. In the up…
Published	01/14/2024	. Which is NOT TRUE about thymic selection of functional but not self-reactive T cells? A. Only about 2% of all developing T lymphocytes pass both the…
Published	01/14/2024	Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are susceptible to opportunistic bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and other infections that are u…
Published	01/14/2024	Which is NOT TRUE about antigens? A. The immune response to antigens may be cellular, humoral, or both B. Immune cells recognize and react to small mo…
Published	01/14/2024	One of the following best describes the process of precipitation A. The antigen-antibody complex becomes large thus rendering it soluble B. The antibo…
Published	01/14/2024	This process is initiated by fragment C5a to cause large numbers of phagocytes to migrate into the tissue area adjacent to the antigenic agent A…
Published	01/14/2024	These are ways by which antibodies inactivate invading organisms via the direct attack, except A. opsonization B. neutralization C. agglutination D. i…
Published	01/14/2024	This class of antibody is a pentamer of a basic four-chain structure that accounts for 10% of the serum antibody pool A. IgE B. IgD C. IgM D. IgA
Published	01/14/2024	The following pertains to the secondary antibody response, except A. it has increased potency and duration B. there is a 7-day delay in its appearance…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following cell has no direct role in phagocytosis? A. NK B. Kupffer C. Eosinophil D. Neutrophils
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following describes humoral responses? A. It occurs only in the spleen B. It results in less antibody secretion C. It results in memory c…
Published	01/14/2024	How are B lymphocytes different from T lymphocytes? A. B lymphocytes actively secrete antibodies that are reactive agents B. Once the specific B…
Published	01/14/2024	According to Boron and Guyton these currents lead to the plateau phase of the FRAP A. Ca++ influx and K+ efflux B. Ca++ influx and K+ influx C. Na+ in…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is the main factor influencing venous return flow? A. Fullness of the systemic circulation B. Pumping action of the heart…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is the mean pressure of an individual whose blood pressure is 120/90 mm Hg? A. 90 mm Hg B. 100 mm Hg  C. 120 mm Hg D. 130 …
Published	01/14/2024	Arrange the different ABO blood types according to increasing prevalence as stated in Guyton A. AB, A, B, O B. O, B, A, AB C. AB, B, A, O D. O, A, B, …
Published	01/14/2024	Elephantiasis is the swelling of legs or scrotum due to vessel obstructions from repeated episodes of inflammation and edema caused by parasitic infec…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following correctly describes the O-A-B agglutinogens?  A. Its presence determines the person’s blood type B. Fully immunogeni…
Published	01/14/2024	The rate of discharge of nodal cells can be decreased by A. making the initial potential less negative B. increasing the rate of diastolic depolarizat…
Published	01/14/2024	In a blood vessel with laminar flow, which part has the least resistance? A. Outside the wall B. Center of blood vessel C. Ends of blood vessel …
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following does not cause a decrease or block of impulse transmission across the AV node? A. Vagal stimulation B. Carotid sinus message C.…
Published	01/14/2024	Which among the different physiologic properties of the myocardial cells are paired correctly to the specific type where each property is best develop…
Published	01/14/2024	A 30-year-old female with preeclampsia, a condition which can cause elevated blood pressure is presently understood as ischemia of the placenta result…
Published	01/14/2024	Skeletal muscle activity leading to vasoconstriction in inactive areas is a result of the A. Bainbridge reflex B. Loven reflex C. McDowall refle…
Published	01/14/2024	These conditions may produce systolic murmurs A. Tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary insufficiency B. Tricuspid stenosis and mitral insufficiency C.…
Published	01/14/2024	The ABO and Rh typing results of royalty parents were as follows: father – B, CDE; mother – AB, cdE. Which of these children will most likely inherit …
Published	01/14/2024	Both FRAP and SRAP exhibit this property A. Repolarization is mainly due to K+ efflux B. Rapid upstroke C. Peak upstroke is due to closure of the Na+ …
Published	01/14/2024	Aortic pressure is greater than ventricular pressure from the onset of _____ phase to the end of _____ phase of the cardiac cycle. A. isovolumetric re…
Published	01/14/2024	Compared to slow response action potential (SRAP), the fast response action potential (FRAP) has a A. shorter duration B. lesser amplitude C. more neg…
Published	01/14/2024	When the papillary muscles of the right ventricle are paralyzed, which of the following is most likely to occur? A. Systolic murmur B. Split S2 C. Tri…
Published	01/14/2024	Upon checking a patient’s ECG tracing, the senior clerk in-charge noted regular sinus rhythm but wide or prolonged QRS complexes associated with left …
Published	01/14/2024	In a patient who has hemophilia A, the bleeding manifestations result from impaired activation of which clotting factor? A. VIII B. IX C. X D. XI
Published	01/14/2024	A young unidentified man was brought to the emergency department (ED) due to unresponsiveness for 45 minutes. After 5 cycles of CPR, the pulse was bac…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is a function of the atrial myocardium? A. Helps anchor the heart B. Possesses booster pump action C. Provides the power for pu…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following best explains the movements of RBC in very small capillaries? A. Shear thinning B. Plasma skimming C. Tank treading D. Shearing…
Published	01/14/2024	A 23-year-old male medical student was having lunch with his friends at a seafood buffet when 1 hour later he began to have several profuse episodes o…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is paired correctly? A. V1 – 4th ICS, left sternal margin B. V3 – 4th ICS, left midclavicular lin C. V4 – equidistant between V…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true of the first heart sound? A. Best heard over the tricuspid valve area B. Due to vibrations resulting from closure of th…
Published	01/14/2024	According to Boron and Guyton the onset of the pacemaker potential can occur only when A. Na+ concentration in the ECF is increased B. the membrane is…
Published	01/14/2024	Which among the following is correct regarding the pericardium of the heart? A. The elastic part of the pericardium is firmly attached below to the ce…
Published	01/14/2024	Given the following data, compute for the stroke volume after a maximal ventricular contraction: end diastolic volume = 120 ml; residual volume = 15 m…
Published	01/14/2024	What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation to the heart? A. Increase rate of contraction B. Decrease rate of contraction, increase strength of cont…
Published	01/14/2024	One of the following factors must be increased to reduce resistance, assuming the blood flow is laminar. What factor is this? A. Viscosity B. Length C…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these clinical disorders is consistent with the given laboratory results? Bleeding time = prolonged, platelet count and function = normal, PT…
Published	01/14/2024	According to Guyton the pacemaker potential is due to the inherent leakiness of nodal cells to A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca++ D. Na+ and Ca++
Published	01/14/2024	Vis a latare is mostly influenced by which of the following? A. Cardiac resistance B. Arterial resistance C. Venous resistance D. Capillary resistance
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is an expected response to acute emotional stress? A. Decrease in skeletal muscle blood flow B. Bradycardia C. Vasoconstriction…
Published	01/14/2024	Diastole is the period from the onset of _____ phase to the end of _____ phase of the cardiac cycle. A. isovolumetric relaxation --- atrial systole B.…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these pairs of substance and role is correctly paired? A. Thrombospondin – blood coagulation Involved in platelet aggregation B. Thrombosthen…
Published	01/14/2024	Ventricular pressure is higher than aortic pressure during this phase of the cardiac cycleA. Isovolumetric relaxation B. Rapid ejection C. Reduc…
Published	01/14/2024	Which organ is greatly dependent on metabolic mechanisms for autoregulation? A. Skin B. Lungs C. Heart D. Kidney
Published	01/14/2024	The pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must contract is called the A. afterload B. cardiac index C. preload D. venous return
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is formed when the three sides of the Einthoven triangle pass through a common point? A. Horizontal plane of the chest le…
Published	01/14/2024	A 60-year-old male presented to the emergency room because of right-sided weakness and slurring of speech. He has hypertension and dyslipidemia and wa…
Published	01/14/2024	Which is most necessary in order to activate the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade? A. Contact with glass surface B. Release of factor III …
Published	01/14/2024	The second heart sound may be normally split during inspiration due to a delayed P2 which in turn is due to A. pulmonary stenosis B. pulmonary insuffi…
Published	01/14/2024	During PDR class, a medical student attempted to obtain her classmate’s BP. Identifying the sound of the systolic pressure was a breeze, but was not q…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true about the direction of the mean QRS vector? A. Anteriorly, inferiorly, and rightward B. Anteriorly, inferiorly, a…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following pairs is correct about a blood vessel with reduced diameter? A. Pressure – decreased B. Resistance – decreased C. Flow – increa…
Published	01/14/2024	The results of Alexis’ forward and reverse typing were as follows: anti-A (+), anti-B (-), A cells (-), B cells (+), O cells (-). The results of Felix…
Published	01/14/2024	The hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is brought about by A. impaired vascular integrity B. vitamin K deficiency C. ABO incompatibility D. decreased …
Published	01/14/2024	From which set of parents would erythroblastosis fetalis most likely to occur and be most severe? A. Father – B, CDE; mother – O, cdE B. Father – B, C…
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