Notes in Chapter_18:_Plastics,Skin,and_Soft_Tissues

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Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Pacinian corpuscles}} sense {{c1::pressure}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Ruffini's endings}} sense {{c1::warmth}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Krause's end-bulbs}} sense {{c1::cold}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Meissner's corpuscles}} sense {{c1::fine tactile movement}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Eccrine}} sweat glands produce aqueous sweat
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Apocrine}} sweat glands produce sweat rich in fats
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Apocrine}} sweat glands have {{c3::sym}}pathetic innervation via {{c1::acetylcholine::neurotransmitter}}
Published	07/07/2024	Most of the skin is composed of type {{c1::I}} collagen
Published	07/07/2024	{{c3::Cushing's striae::endocrine skin finding}} are the result of decreased {{c2::collagen}} and is caused by {{c1::dilated}} blood vessels
Published	07/07/2024	Melanocytes are mostly found in the {{c1::basalis}} layer of the epidermis
Published	07/07/2024	People with a darker complection have {{c1::the same number::more or less}} melanocytes
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Dendritic}} cells in the skin are called {{c2::Langerhan's}} cells and originate from the {{c3::bone marrow}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Langerhan's::skin}} cells play a role in type {{c1::IV}} hypersensitivity reactions
Published	07/07/2024	The most common complication of pedicles or free flaps is {{c1::venous thrombosis}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Transverse Rectus Abdominis (TRAM)}} flaps complications include flap necrosis, infection, {{c1::ventral hernia}}, and abdominal wall weakness
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::TRAM}} flap blood supply is via the {{c2::superior epigastric}} vessels
Published	07/07/2024	The most important determinant of {{c2::TRAM flap}} viability is {{c1::periumbilical muscle perforating arteries}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::10}}% of melanomas are familial
Published	07/07/2024	The most common site of melanoma in {{c2::men::gender}} is the {{c1::back}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common site of melanoma in {{c2::women::gender}} is the {{c1::legs}}
Published	07/07/2024	Melanoma has a worse prognosis in {{c1::men::gender}}
Published	07/07/2024	Poor prognostic factors for melanoma include {{c3::ulcerated::type}} lesions, {{c2::ocular::location}}, and {{c1::mucosal::location}} lesions
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::BK mole}} syndrome is a familial melanoma syndrome that has a {{c2::100}}% chance of melanomas
Published	07/07/2024	Previous {{c1::radiation::iatrogenic}} is a risk factor for {{c2::melanoma::skin cancer}}
Published	07/07/2024	Previous {{c1::skin}} cancer is a risk factor for melanoma
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Small bowel}} metastases are most commonly from {{c1::melanoma::primary tumor}}
Published	07/07/2024	Melanomas less than {{c2::2}} cm are examined via {{c1::excisional}} biopsy
Published	07/07/2024	Melanomas that are greater than {{c2::2}} cm can be examined via {{c1::punch}} biopsy
Published	07/07/2024	Melanomas in a cosmetically sensitive area can be examined via {{c1::punch}} biopsy
Published	07/07/2024	{{c3::Melanoma::skin cancer}} stains positive for {{c2::S-100}} and {{c1::HMB-45}} proteins
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Melanoma in situ}} involves only the epidermis and requires {{c2::0.5}} cm margins
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Lentigo maligna melanoma::melanoma type}} presents with {{c2::radial}} growth first, has minimal invasion, and presents as an elevated nodule
Published	07/07/2024	The most common type of melanoma is {{c1::superficial spreading}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Acral lentiginous}} melanoma is more common in {{c2::African Americans::race}}, on the hands and feet (under the fingernails)
Published	07/07/2024	The least agressive forms of melanoma are {{c1::lentigo maligna::least aggressive}} and {{c1::superficial spreading::2nd least aggressive}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most aggressive forms of melanoma are {{c1::nodular::most aggressive}} and {{c1::acral lentiginous::2nd most aggressive}}
Published	07/07/2024	The {{c1::nodular}} type of melanoma is likely to have metastases at the time of diagnosis
Published	07/07/2024	Staging workup for melanoma includes {{c3::chest/abd/pelvis CT::imaging}}, {{c2::LFTs::lab}}, and {{c1::LDH::lab}}
Published	07/07/2024	Melanoma treatment should include resection of primary tumor with appropriate margins down to the {{c1::muscle fascia}} and management of lymph nodes
Published	07/07/2024	Melanoma depth {{c1::less than 1 mm}} requires {{c2::1 cm}} margins
Published	07/07/2024	Melanoma depth of {{c2::1.1-2 mm}} requires margins of {{c1::1-2 cm}}
Published	07/07/2024	Melanoma depth {{c2::greater than 2 mm}} requires {{c1::2 cm}} margins
Published	07/07/2024	In melanoma-positive sentinel lymph nodes, the next step in treatment is {{c1::resect the positive nodes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma indications include {{c1::depth >1 mm}}
Published	07/07/2024	Melanoma indications for {{c2::superficial partodiectomy::surgical}} include tumors deeper than >{{c3::1}} mm located on the scalp/face anterior to…
Published	07/07/2024	{{c3::Melanomas}} on the ear have a {{c2::20}}% metastasis rate to the {{c1::parotid}}
Published	07/07/2024	Breast melanoma axillary lymph node involvement is treated with {{c1::resection of all three node levels (I, II, and III)}}
Published	07/07/2024	Melanoma metastases are managed with {{c1::resection}}
Published	07/07/2024	First-line chemotherapy for {{c2::melan}}oma is {{c1::dacarbazine}}
Published	07/07/2024	Immune therapy for systemic melanoma involves {{c2::IL-2}} therapy and {{c1::melanoma vaccines (from destroyed cells)}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common skin cancer is {{c1::basal cell carinoma}}
Published	07/07/2024	80% of basal cell carcinomas are found on the {{c1::head/neck}} area of the body
Published	07/07/2024	Basal cell carcinoma originates from the {{c1::epidermis::skin layer}}, specifically from basal epithelial cells and {{c2::hair follicles}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Pearly}} appearance and {{c3::rolled}} borders are characteristic of {{c1::basal cell carcinoma::skin cancer}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c3::Basal cell carcinoma::skin cancer}} pathology shows peripheral {{c2::palisading nuclei}} and stromal {{c1::retraction}}
Published	07/07/2024	Basal cell carcinoma with positive lymph nodes treatment involves {{c1::regional adenectomy}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most aggressive basal cell carcinoma is the {{c2::morpheaform}} type and has positive {{c1::collagenase}} production
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Basal cell carcinoma::skin cancer}} should be resected with {{c1::3}}-{{c1::5}} mm margins
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Squamous cell carcinoma}} usually has overlying {{c2::erythema::appearance}} and papulonodular {{c3::crusts}} with {{c4::ulceration}}
Published	07/07/2024	Squamous cell carcinoma is {{c2::more}} likely to metastasize than basal cell carcinoma(more or less)
Published	07/07/2024	{{c3::Actinic keratoses::skin pathology}} and {{c2::atrophic dermatitis::skin pathology}} are risk factors for {{c1::squamous::skin}} cell carcin…
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Arsenic::metal}} is a risk factor for {{c2::squamous}} cell carcinoma
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Hydrocarbons (coal tar)::chemical}} and {{c3::chlorophenols::chemical}} are risk factors for {{c1::squamous}} cell carcinoma
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Cholorophenol::chemical}} associated {{c3::squamous}} cell carcinoma is seen in {{c1::wood treatment}} occupations
Published	07/07/2024	Long-term immunosuppression is a risk factor for {{c1::squamous}} cell carcinoma
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::HPV::virus}} is associated with {{c2::squamous}} cell carcinoma
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Radiation::iatrogenic}} exposure is a risk factor for {{c2::squamous}} cell carcinoma
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Squamous cell carcinoma::skin cancer}} should be resected with {{c1::5}}-{{c1::10}} mm margins
Published	07/07/2024	{{c3::Squamous}} cell carcinoma require {{c2::2 cm}} margins if it located on the {{c1::penis}} or {{c1::vulva}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Squamous}} cell carcinoma located in a chronically non-healing would should be resected with {{c1::2 cm}} margins
Published	07/07/2024	The most common soft tissue sarcomas are {{c2::malignant fibrous histiosarcoma::#1}} and {{c1::liposarcoma::#2}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common presenting symptom of soft tissue sarcoma is {{c1::painless mass}}
Published	07/07/2024	Soft tissue sarcoma pre-op imaging includes {{c2::MRI}} to rule out {{c1::local invasion (vascular, neuro, bone)}}
Published	07/07/2024	Soft tissue sarcomas usually metastasize {{c1::hematogenously}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common site of soft tissue sarcomas metastases is {{c1::lungs}}
Published	07/07/2024	Soft tissue sarcomas should be resected with {{c2::2}}-{{c2::3}} cm margins and at least 1 uninvolved {{c1::fascial plane}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most important prognostic factor in soft tissue sarcomas is {{c1::tumor grade}}
Published	07/07/2024	After a soft tissue sarcoma is resected, {{c1::clips}} are placed to x-ray later to localize in case of recurrence
Published	07/07/2024	Soft tissue sarcoma indications for post-op radiation include {{c3::high-grade}} tumors, close {{c2::margins}}, or tumors >{{c1::5}} cm
Published	07/07/2024	Soft tissue sarcomas >{{c1::10}} cm require pre-op radiation which may allow for limb-sparing resection
Published	07/07/2024	Durring soft tissue sarcoma resection near major vessels, {{c1::reconustruction}} should be attempted
Published	07/07/2024	Pelvic and retroperiotoneal soft tissue sarcomas can be resected via {{c1::midline}} incision
Published	07/07/2024	Soft tissue sarcomas can be difficult to irradiate when they are located in the {{c1::pelvis}}
Published	07/07/2024	Sarcomas tend to have a poor prognosis overall, being highly resistant to chemo and radiation they have a {{c1::40}}% 5-year survival rate
Published	07/07/2024	{{c3::PVC}} and {{c2::arsenic}} exposure are both risk factors for {{c1::angiosarcoma}}
Published	07/07/2024	Chronic {{c2::lymphedema}} is a risk factor for {{c1::lymphangiosarc}}oma
Published	07/07/2024	The best treatment for {{c2::Kaposi's}} sarcoma is {{c1::HAART therapy compliance}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common head and neck malignancy in children is {{c1::rhabdomyosarc}}oma
Published	07/07/2024	The most common subtype of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma is the {{c1::embryonal}} subtype
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Rhabdomyosarc}}oma stains positively for {{c1::desmin}}
Published	07/07/2024	Treatment for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma is surgery followed by {{c1::doxorubicin}}-based chemo
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Osteosarc}}oma has the highest incidence in the {{c1::knee (distal femur/proximal tibia)}} region
Published	07/07/2024	At the time of diagnosis, most osteosarcomas {{c1::are::are or are NOT}} metastatic
Published	07/07/2024	The most common soft tissue sarcoma in {{c1::Li-Fraumeni syndrome::cancer syndrome}} is {{c2::rhabdomyosarc}}oma
Published	07/07/2024	The most common soft tissue tumor in {{c2::tuberous sclerosis::cancer syndrome}} is {{c1::angiomyolip}}oma
Published	07/07/2024	The most common abdominal tumors in {{c2::Gardner's syndrome::cancer syndrome}} include FAP and intra-abdominal {{c1::desmoid}} tumors
Published	07/07/2024	The most common tumors in {{c4::neurofibromatosis::cancer syndrome}} include {{c3::CNS::location}} tumors, peripheral {{c2::sheath}} tumors, and {{c1:…
Published	07/07/2024	When suturing lip lacerations, the most important landmark to reapproximate is the {{c1::vermillion border}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common mesenchymal tumors are {{c1::lip}}omas
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Neurofibromatosis type I}} is also known as {{c1::von Recklinghausen::eponym}} disease
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Merkel}} cell carcinoma presents as a {{c2::red/purple::color}} papulonodular indurated plaque and is a very malignant neuroendocrine tumor…
Published	07/07/2024	A pain{{c2::ful}} blood vessel/nerve tumor of the {{c3::fingertips::location}} is most likely a {{c1::glomus}} tumor
Published	07/07/2024	Glomus tumor management involves {{c1::surgical resection}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Desmoid}} tumors are managed with en block resection followed by pharmacologic treatment with {{c1::suldinac}} and {{c1::tamoxifen}}
Published	07/07/2024	Merkel cell carcinoma is resected with {{c1::2}}-{{c1::3}} cm margins
Published	07/07/2024	Penile {{c2::Bowen's}} disease is also called {{c1::squamous cell carcinoma in situ}} and becomes invasive in {{c3::10}}% of patients
Published	07/07/2024	Penile {{c5::Bowen's}} disease is managed with topical {{c4::imiquimod::drug}}, topical {{c3::5-FU::drug}}, {{c2::cautery ablation::surgical…
Published	07/07/2024	{{c2::Keratoacanth}}oma is frequently confused with {{c1::squamous}} cell carcinoma and should be biopsied to confirm
Published	07/07/2024	Small keratoacanthoma management involves {{c1::excision}}
Published	07/07/2024	Large keratoacanthoma management involves {{c1::observation}} and {{c1::biopsy}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Hydradenitis}} is caused by infected apocrine sweat glands in the axillary/groin regions
Published	07/07/2024	Patients with {{c2::hydradenitis}} shoud avoid using anti-{{c1::perspirants}}
Published	07/07/2024	Hyperhydrosis that is refractory to anti-perspirants is surgically managed with {{c1::thoracic sympathectomy}}
Published	07/07/2024	Treatment-resistant hidradenitis is surgically treated with {{c1::removal of affected skin}} followed by {{c1::skin grafts}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common bacteria in hidradenitis are {{c1::Staph}} and {{c1::Strep}}
Published	07/07/2024	Hydradenitis excisional depth should be to the {{c1::fascial}} layer
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Trichilemmal}} cysts are most commonly located on the {{c3::scalp::body region}}, contain NO {{c2::epidermis::skin layer}}, and contai…
Published	07/07/2024	Ganglion cysts are formed by herniation of the joint capsule where synovial fluid exits the joint but cannot reenter due to the formation of a {{c1::c…
Published	07/07/2024	Ganglion cyst aspiration have success rates around {{c1::50}}%
Published	07/07/2024	Dermoid cysts that are intra-{{c1::abdominal}} or {{c2::sacral}} need resection due to malignancy risk
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