Notes in Cartilage and Bone Histology

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Published	10/27/2024	Cartilage is composed of {{c1::chondrocytes}} and an {{c2::extracellular matrix}}
Published	10/27/2024	The extracellular matrix of cartilage is composed of:- {{c1::Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)}}- {{c1::Proteoglycans}}- {{c1::Collagen}}
Published	10/27/2024	Two unique properties of cartilage are that it is {{c1::avascular}} and {{c1::aneural}}
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Perichondrium}} is a dense, irregular connective tissue that serves as an interface between cartilage and neighboring tissue
Published	10/27/2024	The {{c1::inner}} layer of the perichondrium differentiates into {{c2::chrondroblasts}}
Published	10/27/2024	Cartilage can grow via {{c1::interstitial}} growth, in which chondrocytes divide through mitosis
Published	10/27/2024	The daughter cells from chondrocyte mitotic division form clusters known as {{c1::isogenous groups}}
Published	10/27/2024	Cartilage can grow via {{c1::appositional}} growth, in which cells from the inner layer of the perichondrium differentiate into ch…
Published	10/27/2024	The matrix of hyaline cartilage is composed of {{c1::type 2}} collagen fibrils as well as proteins such as {{c2::hyaluronic a…
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Published	10/27/2024	Fibrocartilage does not contain a {{c1::perichondrium}}, therefore it cannot grow via {{c2::appositional}} growth
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Fibro-}} cartilage can be found in:- Intervertebral disks- Pubic symphysis- Attachments of tendons and ligaments to bone
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Elastic}} cartilage can be found in:- Auricle- Eustachian tube- Epiglottis- Laryngeal cartilages
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Hyaline}} cartilage can be found in:- Articular surfaces of bones- Walls of respiratory passages- Anterior ends of ribs- Epophyseal plates of lo…
Published	10/27/2024	In the embryonic stage, fibrocartilage develops from the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into {{c1::chondroblasts}}
Published	10/27/2024	In the embryonic stage, hyaline cartilage develops from the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into {{c1::fibroblasts}}
Published	10/27/2024	The isogenous groups of fibrocartilage arrange themselves {{c1::linearly}}
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Published	10/27/2024	Bones grow via {{c1::appositional}} growth
Published	10/27/2024	Osteo{{c1::blasts}} are derived from {{c2::mesenchymal cells}}
Published	10/27/2024	Osteo{{c1::clasts}} are derived from {{c2::monocytes}}
Published	10/27/2024	Osteocytes maintain communication and nutrient exchange through tiny channels called {{c1::canaliculi}}
Published	10/27/2024	Osteo{{c1::cytes}} are derived from {{c2::osteoblasts}}
Published	10/27/2024	Osteoclasts reside in a {{c1::Howship's lacuna}}
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Trabecular}} bone is a porous bone tissue found in the epiphysis of long bones
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Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Sharpey's fibers}} are bundles of collagen that anchor periosteum to bone
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Endosteum}} line the inner bone surface
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Periosteum}} line the outer bone surface
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Lamellae}} are thin layers of bone matrix found in compact and trabecular bones
Published	10/27/2024	Lamellae can be organized into 3 types:- {{c1::Concentric}}- {{c1::Circumferential}}- {{c1::Interstitial}}
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Concentric}} lamellae are characterized by a cylindrical arrangement around an {{c2::osteon (Haversian system)}}
Published	10/27/2024	A {{c1::Haversian canal}} is located within the center of an osteon and contains the neurovascular and lymph s…
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Interstial}} lamellae are characterized by a partially eroded osteon
Published	10/27/2024	Osteons communicate with each other via {{c1::Volkmann's canal}}
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Published	10/27/2024	Endochondral ossification begins with mesenchymal cells differentiating into {{c1::chondroblasts}} and producing {{c2::cartilage}}
Published	10/27/2024	As the initial cartilage matures in endochondral ossification, {{c2::chondrocytes}} begin to {{c1::hypertrophy}}
Published	10/27/2024	Shortly after chondrocyte hypertrophy in endochondral ossification, {{c1::osteoblasts}} produce a bone matrix which disrupts the {{c2::…
Published	10/27/2024	The death of chondrocytes in endochondral ossification leaves behind {{c1::lacunae}}, forming the framework for the eventual bone marrow cav…
Published	10/27/2024	After osteoblasts create the bone matrix in endochondral ossification, {{c1::osteoclasts}} resorb bone, allowing {{c2::osteoprogenitor cells…
Published	10/27/2024	Intramembranous ossification begins with mesenchymal cells differentiating into {{c1::osteoblasts}} and producing {{c2::osteoid}}
Published	10/27/2024	Once produced, the osteoid in intramembranous ossification {{c1::calcifies}} and forms {{c2::bone spicules}}
Published	10/27/2024	The bone spicules, formed during intramembranous ossification, cluster together into patches of {{c1::woven bone}} before finally …
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