Notes in Structure and Function of Cells and Their Building Blocks

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/05/2023	types of DNA damage repair- ssDNA
Published	09/05/2023	DNA damage repair mechanisms - DNA double stranded break
Published	09/05/2023	steps of homology directed repair (might test bc BCRA)
Published	09/05/2023	essential amino acids
Published	09/05/2023	differences in {{c1::cell structure, essential functions}} between prokaryotic cells/viruses and eukaryotic cells are {{c2::key opportunites…
Published	09/05/2023	prophase steps
Published	09/05/2023	metaphase
Published	09/05/2023	anaphase
Published	09/05/2023	telophase
Published	09/05/2023	cytokinesis
Published	09/05/2023	prophase 1 of meiosis (steps and substages)
Published	09/05/2023	CML caused by a {{c1::chromosome 9/22 translocation}}, leading to BCR/ABL fusion and {{c2::constituitive ABL kinase activity}}
Published	09/05/2023	nucleobases of DNA/RNA and what they are (purine/pyrimidine)
Published	09/07/2023	carcinogens and damaging environmental agents can cause {{c1::mutation}} by inducing {{c2::structural or chemical changes}} to nucleobases. bonus…
Published	08/31/2023	ATP has {{c1::dos}} high energy bonds
Published	09/05/2023	common covalent bonds in biomolecules include {{c1::glycosidic bonds, peptide bonds, and ester bonds}}
Published	09/05/2023	azidothymidine inhibits HIV viral replication by {{c1::incorportating into cDNA}}, preventing chain elongation. mainly affects viral replication …
Published	09/05/2023	topoisomerase I cuts {{c1::1}} DNA strand and re-ligates
Published	09/05/2023	topioisomerase II cuts {{c1::both}} DNA strand and re-ligates
Published	09/05/2023	components of the replisome
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::oncogenes}} genes that when unregulated/constitutively active promote uncontrolled cell growth/division (-->tumor formation)
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::tumor suppressor genes}} genes when mutated, prevent necessary checks for cellular and genetic stability, leading to further mutations and tumor…
Published	09/05/2023	postranslational modifcations
Published	09/05/2023	In proofreading DNA repair, {{c1::DNA polymerase}} acts as an exonuclease to replace an incorrect base during {{c2::strand synthesis}}
Published	09/05/2023	in mismatch repair, {{c1::MSH proteins}} identify a mismatch in the newly repair strand, {{c2::endonuclease}} cleaves the phosphodiester bon…
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::base excision repair}} is used to correct the effects from chemical or physical damage to DNA (eg deamination)
Published	09/05/2023	in base excision repair, {{c1::glycosylases}} remove damaged bases, leaving an {{c2::AP site}}. {{c3::AP endonuclease}} cleaves the pho…
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::nucleotide excision repair}} is used to repair DNA damage from physical agents affecting multiple nucleobases
Published	09/05/2023	in nucleotide excision repair, {{c1::endonuclease}} cleaves on the 3' and 5' sides of 12-24 bases containing the damaged area. strand is removed …
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::non-homologous end joining}} is used to repair double stranded breaks in DNA, but results in errors and loss of genetic material
Published	09/05/2023	in NHEJ, {{c1::DNA protein kinases}} bind to either side of the DSB, recruiting {{c2::artemis}} to cleave the broken ends. {{c3::DNA li…
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::homology directed repair}} is used to repair DSBs, and uses the {{c2::sister chromatid}} of the damaged one to repair the DSB without loosing ge…
Published	09/05/2023	in homology directed repair, {{c1::MRN complex}} binds each broken end and recruits {{c2::endonuclease}} to trim back the ends. one end ("en…
Status	Last Update	Fields