Notes in Case 2: HIV/AIDS

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/27/2024	HIV has a greater incidence in {{c1::males::gender}}
Published	01/27/2024	HIV has a greater incidence in {{c1::young adults::age}}
Published	01/27/2024	HIV has the greatest incidence in {{c1::black/African American people::race}}
Published	01/27/2024	Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV must be started within {{c1::72 hours::time}} in order to be effective
Published	01/27/2024	For HIV, an undetectable viral load is < {{c1::20::#}} copies/mL
Published	01/27/2024	In HIV, virologic {{c1::suppression}} refers to viral load <20 copies/mL
Published	01/27/2024	In HIV, virologic {{c1::failure}} refers to viral load >200 copies/mL
Published	01/27/2024	In HIV, {{c1::incomplete virologic response}} refers to two consecutive viral loads >200 copies/mL after 24 weeks of treatment
Published	01/27/2024	In HIV, virologic {{c1::rebound}} refers to viral load >200 copies/mL after suppression to <20 copies/mL
Published	01/27/2024	In HIV, {{c1::low-level viremia}} refers to viral load of 20-200 copies/mL
Published	01/27/2024	In HIV, {{c1::viral blip}} refers to single measurement of viral load >20 copies/mL in between two viral loads <20 copies/mL
Published	01/27/2024	HIV patients with CD4 > 400 are more likely to present with {{c1::classical/pulmonary}} TB, while those with lower CD4 are more likely to pres…
Published	01/27/2024	Should ART be initiated immediately in HIV patient who presents with Kaposi sarcoma?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	01/27/2024	HIV is a {{c1::retrovirus::type of virus}}.
Published	01/27/2024	What vascular tumor is associated with HHV-8 and HIV? {{c1::Kaposi sarcoma}}
Published	01/27/2024	Kaposi sarcoma has a(n) {{c1::lymphocytic}} infiltrate, which distinguishes it from bacillary angiomatosis
Published	01/27/2024	Candida albicans that extends from the mouth to the esophagus is known as {{c1::candidal esophagitis}}, which is a(n) {{c2::AIDS-defining}} illness
Published	01/27/2024	The bronchopulmonary washing of tissue samples for diagnosis of {{c3::Cryptococcus::which fungus}} utilizes the {{c1::mucicarmine}} ({{c2::red::color}…
Published	01/27/2024	What are the symptoms of Pneumocystis jirovecii in the immunocompetent?{{c1::Asymptomatic - none :)}}
Published	01/27/2024	{{c2::Pneumocystis}} pneumonia is a(n) {{c1::AIDS-defining}} illness that presents with a CD4+ count {{c1::< 200 cells/mm3}}
Published	01/27/2024	HIV is a retrovirus, which is a(n) {{c1::di}}ploid {{c1::single}}-stranded {{c2::positive sense::positive/negative sense}} {{c2::RNA::RNA or DNA}} vir…
Published	01/27/2024	Does HIV have an envelope?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	01/27/2024	{{c1::gp120}} is the outer glycoprotein of HIV
Published	01/27/2024	{{c1::gp120}} of HIV binds {{c2::CD4}} and the co-receptors {{c2::CCR5}} (primarily on macrophages) and {{c3::CXCR4}} (primarily on T cells)
Published	01/27/2024	Stage {{c1::1}} HIV is characterized by wide dissemination to lymphoid organs
Published	01/27/2024	Stage {{c1::2}} HIV is characterized by clinical latency. CD4+ count drops to < {{c2::500}} cells/mm3
Published	01/27/2024	Stage {{c1::3}} HIV is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections. CD4+ count drops to < {{c2::350}} cells/mm3
Published	01/27/2024	In {{c2::early::early or late}} HIV infection, HIV gains entry into {{c1::macrophages::what cells}} via binding to CD4 plus the coreceptor {{c1::CCR5}…
Published	01/27/2024	In {{c2::late::early or late}} HIV infection, HIV gains entry into {{c1::helper T-cells::what cells}} via binding to CD4 plus the coreceptor {{c1::CXC…
Published	01/27/2024	Individuals with {{c1::homo}}zygous CCR5 allele mutations are resistant to HIV infection
Published	01/27/2024	Individuals with {{c1::hetero}}zygous CCR5 allele mutations display a slower rate of progression of HIV infection
Published	01/27/2024	Once HIV is inside a cell, viral {{c1::reverse transcriptase}} converts viral RNA to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)This double-stranded DNA is inserted i…
Published	01/27/2024	NRTIs and {{c1::NNRTIs}} both are {{c3::reverse transcriptase}} inhibitors used in the treatment of {{c2::HIV}}
Published	01/27/2024	{{c1::p24}} is the HIV {{c2::capsid}} protein
Published	01/27/2024	Patients with HIV who present with an AIDS-defining illness secondary to lack of anti-retroviral therapy should be initiated on HAART {{c1::2 weeks::w…
Published	01/27/2024	{{c1::p17}} is the matrix protein of HIV
Published	01/27/2024	Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) consists of a minimum of {{c1::3}} drugs to prevent resistance
Published	01/27/2024	HAART therapy consists of {{c4::2 NRTIs}} plus 1 of either a(n) {{c1::NNRTI}}, {{c2::protease inhibitor}}, or {{c3::integrase inhibitor}}
Published	01/27/2024	NRTIs are nucleosides or nucleotides that have an absent {{c1::3' hydroxyl group}}
Published	01/27/2024	NRTIs are incorporated into {{c2::viral}} DNA, causing premature {{c1::chain termination}}
Published	01/27/2024	NRTIs inhibit phosphodiester bond formation in a(n) {{c1::3'}} to {{c1::5'}} direction
Published	01/27/2024	Most NRTIs are {{c1::nucleosides}} that must undergo {{c1::phosphorylation}} in order to be active
Published	01/27/2024	Do NNRTIs require phosphorylation to be activated?{{c1::No}}
Published	01/27/2024	Do NNRTIs compete with nucleotides for binding to reverse transcriptase?{{c1::No}}
Published	01/27/2024	HIV protease inhibitors {{c1::inhibit}} cytochrome P-450
Published	01/27/2024	HIV infects CD4+ helper T-cells, macrophages, and {{c1::dendritic cells}}
Published	01/27/2024	Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is often initiated at the time of {{c1::HIV diagnosis}}
Published	01/27/2024	What type of virus is HHV-8? {{c1::Double-stranded DNA::DNA, RNA (sense), etc.}}
Published	01/27/2024	Kaposi sarcoma presents with {{c2::violaceous}} lesions on the lower extremities, face (especially the {{c1::nose}}), and {{c1::oral}} mucosa
Published	01/27/2024	What viral manifestation is seen below?{{c1::Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)}}
Published	01/27/2024	Histoplasmosis prophylaxis in HIV/AIDS patients is started at CD4+ counts < {{c1::150}}, using {{c1::itraconazole}}
Published	01/27/2024	Concerning HIV serology, the {{c1::CD4 cell count}} represents the current infection risk, while the {{c1::viral load}} represents where the patient i…
Published	01/27/2024	How do you diagnose HIV during the asymptomatic infection (pre-AIDS)?Screen: {{c1::4th generation antigen/antibody immunoassay}}Confirm: {{c1::HIV-1/2…
Published	01/27/2024	Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is recommended throughout pregnancy for HIV (+) moms:{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	01/27/2024	HIV patient with CD4 < 50, systemic symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, and elevated alkaline phosphatase level is suggestive of {{c1::Mycobacterium…
Published	01/27/2024	The most sensitive test to perform on CSF to identify Cryptococcus is a(n) {{c1::latex agglutination test (identifies fungal antigen)}}
Published	01/27/2024	HIV with CD4 < 50, high fever, and watery diarrhea is suggestive of {{c1::Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)::diagnosis}}
Published	01/27/2024	Men who have sex with men, HIV, HPV (16,18), smoking, and immunocompromised state are risk factors for {{c1::squamous cell}} carcinoma of the anus
Published	01/27/2024	HIV patients with Candida esophagitis more commonly present with {{c1::dysphagia::dysphagia or odynophagia}}
Published	01/27/2024	HIV patients with viral esophagitis more commonly present with {{c1::odynophagia::dysphagia or odynophagia}}
Published	01/27/2024	15730bbe9f8a49da9fbdb54ed09d99ed-ao-1
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Published	01/27/2024	15730bbe9f8a49da9fbdb54ed09d99ed-ao-4
Published	01/27/2024	15730bbe9f8a49da9fbdb54ed09d99ed-ao-5
Published	02/02/2024	What is the next step in management for a healthcare worker following a needle stick injury while drawing blood from an HIV-positive patient with a hi…
Status	Last Update	Fields