Notes in Basic Cancer Bio Final

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Published	11/19/2024	pediatric cancers are {{c1::random::trend}} with {{c1::undescribed::type of}} causations
Published	11/19/2024	causes of pediatric cancer are {{c1::germline}}, {{c1::positive}}, or {{c1::unlucky}}
Published	11/19/2024	cancer with highest number of pediatric cases = {{c1::leukemia}}
Published	11/19/2024	top 3 most common pediatric cancers 1. {{c1::leukemia (from bone marrow)}}2. {{c1::CNS (either really early or mid/late in life)}}2. {{c1::bone}}
Published	11/19/2024	lymphoma pediatric cancer is in the {{c1::B and T}} cells
Published	11/19/2024	what are secondary malignancy pediatric cancers? {{c1::secondary cancer that arises due to treatment from first cancer}}
Published	11/19/2024	{{c1::cells}} that make up our blood are most common for peds cancers
Published	11/19/2024	why are blood cells most common for peds cancers? {{c1::divide very fast --> propagate mutation quickly}} and {{c1::kids are building up immun…
Published	11/19/2024	age vs proportion of cancer 0-4 age: {{c1::high incidence of leukemia}}5-9: {{c1::CNS tumor}}10-14: {{c1::lymphoma?}}15-19: {{c1::melanoma due to…
Published	11/19/2024	incidence of peds cancer: {{c1::pretty consistent over the years}}mortality of peds cancer: {{c1::decreased slightly over the years}}
Published	11/19/2024	most common leukemia {{c1::acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL}}
Published	11/19/2024	what does survival mean?{{c1::survival after 5 years}}
Published	11/19/2024	what are the 2 pathways for leukemia cancer?{{c1::myeloid}} and {{c1::lymphoid}}
Published	11/19/2024	tumor of leukemia: {{c1::myeloblast}} and {{c1::lymphoblast}}
Published	11/19/2024	why is leukemia so susceptible? {{c1::it comes from a stem cell so divides and replenishes faster}}
Published	11/19/2024	ALL stats {{c1::2500}} cases per year {{c1::3-5}} years at diagnosis {{c1::90%}} cure rate {{c1::boys::more common in boy or girl?…
Published	11/19/2024	what cancer is this?{{c1::ALL}}
Published	11/19/2024	histology of ALL normal lymphoblast is {{c1::translucent}} to light tumor cell = {{c1::dark lymphoblast with dense nucleus}}
Published	11/19/2024	ALL treatment {{c1::chemotherapy until remission}} OR {{c1::bone marrow transplant following severe relapse}}
Published	11/19/2024	cause of ALL loss of {{c1::INK4a}} and {{c1::ARF}}gain in {{c1::any number of oncogenes}}
Published	11/19/2024	AML stats{{c1::500}} cases per year {{c1::all}} ages{{c1::60-70% long term::length of}} remission (?)
Published	11/19/2024	what cancer is this{{c1::AML}}
Published	11/19/2024	AML treatment{{c1::chemo until remission}} or {{c1::stem cell transplant}}
Published	11/19/2024	cause of AML{{c1::unknown}}
Published	11/19/2024	what do you do if symptoms persist (you have AML but u don't know yet) {{c1::blood test then marrow test}}
Published	11/19/2024	testing
Published	11/19/2024	testing pt.2
Published	11/19/2024	timeline of induction chemo{{c1::1 month high dose, on and off schedule}}
Published	11/19/2024	goal of induction chemo {{c1::kill 99.9% of tumor cells and achieve remission}}
Published	11/19/2024	timeline of consolidation chemo {{c1::several months of intense chemo, cycles}}
Published	11/19/2024	explain how consolidation chemotherapy works{{c1::several months of intense chemotherapy done in cycles start with baseline WBC --> dose --&gt…
Published	11/19/2024	goal of consolidation chemo{{c1::prevent resistance}}
Published	11/19/2024	maintenance chemotherapyonly use to treat {{c1::ALL::type of cancer}}{{c1::much lower treatment}}{{c1::2 years in girls, 3 in boys::years in boys and …
Published	11/19/2024	side effects of chemohair loss due to {{c1::hair follicle death}}const: {{c1::decreased appetite}}GU: {{c1::diarrhea, difficult to retain nutrients}} …
Published	11/19/2024	symptoms of leukemia Constitutional: {{c1::fatigue}} {{c1::fever}}, {{c1::infections}}, {{c1::easy bleeding/bruising}}Abdomen: {{c1::swelling}}EN…
Published	11/19/2024	what do u want kaplan meier curve to look like if pt is improving?{{c1::flat}}
Published	11/19/2024	medulloblastoma stats {{c1::20%::%}} of childhood brain tumors in {{c1::cerebellum}}{{c1::350}} cases/year{{c1::within first 10 years}}{{c1::boys…
Published	11/19/2024	symptoms of medulloblastomaNeuro: {{c1::headaches, clumsiness}}GI: {{c1::vomiting}}GU: {{c1::loss of bladder control}}{{c1::decline in school performa…
Published	11/19/2024	treatment for medulloblastoma {{c1::surgery}} --> {{c1::radiation}} --> {{c1::chemo}}
Published	11/19/2024	why do we do radiation before chemo for medulloblastoma? {{c1::chemo goes wherever and kills whatever}}
Published	11/19/2024	hodgkin lymphoma stats{{c1::800}} cases{{c1::boys::boys or girls}}{{c1::no racial difference::race?}}{{c1::98% if early, 90% if spread::survival rate}…
Published	11/19/2024	hodgkin lymphoma treatment{{c1::chemo}} --> {{c1::radiation}}need {{c1::biopsy}} to validate use {{c1::PET}} to label visualize tumor growth&n…
Published	11/19/2024	hodgkin lymphoma symptomsconstitutional: {{c1::extreme fatigue}}, {{c1::decreased appetite/weight loss}}, {{c1::night sweats/fever}}Skin: {{c1::itchyy…
Published	11/19/2024	{{c1::hodgkin lymphoma}}
Published	11/19/2024	cell only found in hodgkin pts{{c1::reed-sternberg, 2 owl eyes, 2 nuclei + 2 nucleoli}}
Published	11/19/2024	cause of hodgkins in african nations{{c1::EBV}}
Published	11/19/2024	non-hodgkin lymphoma stats{{c1::1050}} cases{{c1::boys::boy vs girl}}{{c1::white::race?}}{{c1::91% if early, 80% if spread::survival rate}}
Published	11/19/2024	NHL treatment {{c1:: same as regular hodgkin}}
Published	11/19/2024	NHL symptoms Constitutional: {{c1::weight loss}}, {{c1::night sweats}}Pulm: {{c1::cough}} and {[c1::wheeze}}ENT: {{c1::trouble swallowing}}
Published	11/20/2024	types of lymphoma in children vs adults children: {{c1::T cells, B cells, or large cells from either}}adults: {{c1::B cells and large cells}}
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::Burkitt's lymphoma::peds cancer}} involves unique translocations
Published	11/20/2024	most common translocation in Burkitt's Lymphoma {{c1::Ig-Myc}}
Published	11/20/2024	function of Ig-H promoter {{c1::turned on in B cell to make antibodies}}
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::MOPP protocol}} is 4 chemo cocktail
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::osteosarcoma::ped cancer}} is bone osteoblastic, soft tissue cells
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::rhabdomyosarcoma::peds cancer}} occurs in soft tissue/muscle myoblasts
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::ATRT}} is the most aggressive form of rhabdomyosarcoma and is likely a {{c1::p53}} mutation
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::melanoma::type of skin cancer}} is least common but most lethal. 2 colors. Kills by metastasizing BBLL
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::basal cell carcinoma::type of skin cancer}} is most common and presents as a small shiny bump.
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::squamos carcinoma::type of skin cancer}} is scaly and red. A scab that won't heal
Published	11/20/2024	epidermis and dermis are separated by {{c1::basement membrane}}
Published	11/20/2024	most of epidermis made of multi-shaped {{c1::squamos}} cells
Published	11/20/2024	most common place for skin cancer {{c1::basal cells in the basement membrane}}
Published	11/20/2024	secondary treatment for basal cells {{c1::topical treatment}}
Published	11/20/2024	ABCDE rule is for {{c1::melanoma::type of cancer}}
Published	11/20/2024	ABCDE rule {{c1::Asymmetry}}{{c1::Border (hard to tell where it begins and ends, so more complicated to remove)}}{{c1::Color (melanomas are multi…
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