Notes in Case 1: Multiple Sclerosis

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Published	05/02/2024	Interferon {{c1::β}} may be used to treat {{c2::multiple sclerosis}}
Published	05/02/2024	{{c1::Marcus Gunn}} pupil is also referred to as relevant afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
Published	05/02/2024	{{c2::Marcus Gunn}} pupil is tested with the "{{c1::swinging flashlight}}" test
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis is a(n) {{c2::autoimmune}} destruction of CNS myelin and {{c1::oligodendrocytes}}
Published	05/02/2024	{{c1::Multiple sclerosis}} is the most common chronic CNS disease of young adults
Published	05/02/2024	What demographic is most commonly affected by multiple sclerosis?{{c1::Females in their 20s and 30s::age, gender}}
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis is associated with HLA-{{c1::DR2}}
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis is more commonly seen in caucasians in regions {{c1::away from::towards or away from}} the equator
Published	05/02/2024	What CNS pathology is characterized by "multiple lesions in time and space"?{{c1::Multiple sclerosis}}
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis may cause {{c1::optic neuritis}}, resulting in sudden loss of vision and {{c2::Marcus Gunn}} pupils
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis may present with vertigo and {{c1::scanning}} speech due to involvement of the brainstem (mimics alcohol intoxication)
Published	05/02/2024	Which symptoms can be caused by multiple sclerosis: hemiparesis or hemisensory symptoms{{c1::Both :)}}
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis may present with {{c1::bowel}} and {{c1::bladder}} dysfunction due to involvement of the ANS
Published	05/02/2024	{{c6::Multiple sclerosis}} most commonly manifests with fatigue, but may also present with (mnemonic = SIIIN)S: {{c1::Scanning speech}}I: {{c2::I…
Published	05/02/2024	What imaging modality is the gold standard for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?{{c1::MRI}}
Published	05/02/2024	What MRI finding is associated with multiple sclerosis?{{c1::Periventricular plaques}}
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis is characterized by increased levels of Ig{{c1::G}} in the CSF
Published	05/02/2024	{{c1::Oligoclonal}} bands of IgG on high resolution electrophoresis is diagnostic of {{c2::multiple sclerosis}}
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis is characterized by increased levels of {{c1::myelin basic}} protein in the CSF
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis is characterized by {{c1::increased}} levels of lymphocytes in the CSF
Published	05/02/2024	{{c2::Multiple sclerosis}} is characterized grossly by {{c1::gray}}-appearing plaques in the white matter
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis symptoms are often worsened upon exposure to {{c1::heat::temperature}}
Published	05/02/2024	Treatment for acute attacks of multiple sclerosis include high-dose {{c1::steroids}}
Published	05/02/2024	Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with disease-modifying therapies stop {{c1::relapses}} and halt/slows progression of disease (options includ…
Published	05/02/2024	Symptomatic treatment of {{c1::neurogenic}} bladder in MS patients may include catheterization and/or muscarinic antagonists
Published	05/02/2024	Symptomatic treatment of {{c1::spasticity}} in MS patients may include baclofen or other GABAB receptor agonists
Published	05/02/2024	Symptomatic treatment of {{c1::pain}} in MS patients may include TCAs and anticonvulsants
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis is associated with a sensation of a(n) {{c2::electric shock}} running down the spine upon {{c1::neck}} flexion (Lhermitte phen…
Published	05/02/2024	Glatiramer is a treatment for Multiple Sclerosis that is an analog of {{c1::Myelin Basic Protein}} and works by shifting TH{{c2::1}} cells to a TH{{c2…
Published	05/02/2024	What underlying neurological pathology should be suspected in a patient with bilateral trigeminal neuralgia?{{c1::Multiple sclerosis}}
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis is characterized histologically by {{c1::perivenular}} inflammatory infiltrates
Published	05/02/2024	Residual chronic findings of multiple sclerosis include hypertrophy and hyperplasia of {{c1::astrocytes}}
Published	05/02/2024	What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with monocular vision loss accompanied by "washed-out" color vision, afferent pupillary defect…
Published	05/02/2024	HLA-DRB1 and vitamin {{c2::D}} deficiency are associated with {{c1::multiple sclerosis::diagnosis}}
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple Sclerosis may present with {{c1::Lhermitte's}} sign, characterized by electric shock sensation running down the spine upon neck fle…
Published	05/02/2024	Most common cause of optic neuritis is {{c1::multiple sclerosis}}
Published	05/02/2024	What is the mechanism of urge and overflow incontinence in multiple sclerosis?{{c1::UMN demyelination → Spastic/Hyperton…
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple Sclerosis may be diagnosed with either MRI and/or {{c1::lumbar puncture}}
Published	05/02/2024	Is the optic neuritis seen with multiple sclerosis classically uni- or bilateral?{{c1::Unilateral}}
Published	05/02/2024	Optic neuritis is treated with {{c1::steroids}}
Published	05/02/2024	Optic neuritis is characterized by acute, {{c1::painful::painful or painless}} monocular vision loss
Published	05/02/2024	{{c2::Risperidone}} is an atypical antipsychotic that acts more like a typical antipsychotic at {{c1::high}} doses
Published	05/02/2024	Multiple sclerosis can cause optic neuritis, which may present with {{c1::red::color}} desaturation
Published	05/02/2024	Which of these MRI's shows multiple sclerosis?{{c1::Left (focal demyelination)}}
Published	05/02/2024	Which of these MRI's shows multiple sclerosis?{{c1::Right (patchy demyelination)}}
Status	Last Update	Fields