Notes in 1. Triad/Aspects

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Published	02/10/2024	General anaesthetic is a procedure that puts the patient in a state of controlled unconsciousness via usage of {{c1::anaesthetic/hypnotic agents}}, {{…
Published	02/10/2024	General anaesthesia involves usage of {{c1::intravenous}} and {{c1::inhalation}} agents to induce hypnosis
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanism of Action of General anaesthestics{{c1::Suppression of neuronal activity by opening chloride channels which hyperpolarises neurons, suppress…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Inhalation}} anaesthetic agents work by:{{c1::dissolving in membrane and bring about direct physical effects}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Intravenous}} anaesthetic agents work by:{{c1::allosteric binding to GABA receptors which open chloride channels}}
Published	02/10/2024	Sequence of Hypnosis in General anaesthesia[1] {{c1::Induction: An intravenous medication will be used as an induction agent (to i…
Published	02/10/2024	Care Requirements for patients under General anaesthesia {{c1::Intubation via supraglottic airway device}} {{c1::Breathing support and control via ven…
Published	02/10/2024	Risks of General anaesthesia (LOTS of risks) {{c1::Accidental awareness (waking during the anaesthetic)Aspiration Dental injury, mainly when the laryn…
Published	02/10/2024	All IV or inhalational anaesthetic agents are cardiovascular and respiratory depressants except {{c1::Ketamine}}
Published	02/10/2024	Central Effect of General anaesthesia on the Cardiovascular system[1] {{c1::Reduction in sympathetic outflow}}[2] {{c1::Negative inotro…
Published	02/10/2024	Direct Effect of General anaesthesia on the Cardiovascular system[1] {{c1::Vasodilation (reduced TPR)}}[2] {{c1::Venodilation (Reduced …
Published	02/10/2024	Effect of General anaesthesia on the Respiratory system {{c1::Acts as a respiratory depressants which leads to: Paralyse cilia Decrease func…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of Intravenous Anaesthetic Agents [1] {{c1::Highly fat soluble (quickly cross membranes)}}[2] {{c1::Rapid wear off time (redis…
Published	02/10/2024	Intravenous Anaesthetic Options {{c1::Propofol (the most commonly used)}} {{c1::Ketamine}} {{c1::Thiopental sodium (less common)}} {{c1::Etomidate (ra…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of Inhaled Anaesthetic Agents[1] {{c1::Slower induction}}[2] {{c1::Main role is the extension or continuation of anaesthesia}}[3]&n…
Published	02/10/2024	Inhaled Anaesthetic Options {{c1::Sevoflurane (the most commonly used)}} {{c1::Desflurane (less favourable as bad for the environment)}} {{c1::Isoflur…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)}} is the {{c1::concentration of a drug required in the alveoli to produce anaesthesia with any particu…
Published	02/10/2024	A {{c1::low}} MAC means that the drug is {{c2::potent}}
Published	02/10/2024	Why are anaesthetics so keen on giving patients oxygen post-op of general anaesthesia?{{c1::Because general anaesthetics greatly reduce lung volume wh…
Published	02/10/2024	Muscle relaxants are {{c1::agents which relax/paralyse skeletal muscle}}
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanism of Action of Muscle Relaxants{{c1::Muscle relaxants block the neuromuscular junction from working to relax and paralyse the muscles mak…
Published	02/10/2024	Options of Muscle Relaxants during General anaesthesia {{c1::Depolarising (e.g., suxamethonium)}} {{c1::Non-depolarising (e.g., ro…
Published	02/10/2024	Indications for Muscle Relaxants {{c1::Ventilation and intubation}} {{c1::When immobility is required}} {{c1::Body cavity surgery}}
Published	02/10/2024	Complications of Muscle Relaxants {{c1::Awarenessi.e. insufficient dose of anaesthetic agent but patient is paralysed and awake}} {{c1::Airway obstruc…
Published	02/10/2024	Analgesics are {{c1::agents which provide pain relief}}
Published	02/10/2024	Options for Analgesia during General anaesthesia[1] {{c1::Fentanyl}}  (only intra-op usage)[2] {{c1::Remifentanil}} (only intra-op usage, allows …
Published	02/10/2024	Why are Intraoperative Analgesia Required? {{c1::Prevention of arousal}} {{c1::Opiates contribute to hypnotic effect of general anaesthetic}} {{c1::Su…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Antiemetics}} are often given at the end of the procedure by the anaesthetist to prevent post-operative {{c2::nausea}} and {{c2::vomiting}}
Published	02/10/2024	Common Post-op Prophylactic Options for Nausea and Vomiting {{c1::Ondansetron (5HT receptor antagonist)}} – avoided in patients at risk of p…
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