Notes in 03 Urologic Systems Diagnostics

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Published	11/08/2023	Urinalysis is composed of {{c1::urine dipstick}} and {{c1::microscopy}}
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Urine dipstick}} does a chemical analysis of urine, but it can give {{c2::false positives}} or {{c2::false negatives}}Blood - assess for hemoglo…
Published	11/08/2023	WBCs on urine microscopy indicates {{c1::inflammation}}RBCs on urine microscopy indicates {{c1::bleeding}}Bacteria on urine microscopy indicates {{c1:…
Published	11/08/2023	> {{c1::100}} WBCs on urinalysis indicates infection
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::CT scan}} is the imaging modality of choice for most kidney stones
Published	11/08/2023	To look for kidney stones, {{c1::don't::do vs. don't}} use contrast
Published	11/08/2023	To look for kidney stones, do the CT scan in the {{c1::prone}} position because it can hel pdifferentiate between a distal ureter stone and a passed s…
Published	11/14/2023	Air and fat are {{c1::radiolucent}} on CT (dark)Kidney stones and bone are {{c1::radiodense}} on CT (bright)
Published	11/08/2023	What's going on here? {{c1::There is a large staghorn calculus (kidney stone) in the L kidney) surrounded by perinephric and retroperitoneal fat …
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::24 hour urine collection::what test?}} looks at volume, pH, and electrolyte concentration over a 24 hour period
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Low::low vs. high}} urine volumes mean that you're {{c2::more::more vs. less}} likely to form kidney stones because of higher concentration of e…
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Citrate::what electrolyte?}} has kidney-stone preventing qualities
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Ultrasound}} is the urologic imaging modality of choice in children
Published	11/08/2023	Certain structures on ultrasound may block sound waves from trraveling further into the body and may exhibit a "{{c1::shadow}}"
Published	11/08/2023	What is going on in this picture?{{c1::This is a kidney stone (sonodense) with shadowing}}
Published	11/08/2023	Sonodensity and radiodensity {{c1::are NOT::are vs. are not}} related
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Nuclear medicine renal scan}} is functional imaging where a radioactive tracer is injected and tracked over time
Published	11/08/2023	{{c3::DTPA}} and {{c3::Mag 3}} are {{c2::filtered}} by the kidney and they show {{c1::perfusion and differential kidney function}}
Published	11/08/2023	{{c2::DMSA}} accumulates in the {{c3::cortex}} and shows renal {{c1::scarring or infarction}}
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Mag 3}} is excreted by the kidney and shows {{c2::urinary tract obstruction}}
Published	11/08/2023	What is happening on this scan (during the perfusion phase){{c1::The R kidney receives less tracer (darker), which indicates lower function}}
Published	11/08/2023	During the excretion phase, what is happening here?{{c1::The tracer does not drain well from the R kidney, suggesting obstruction}}
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Urine cytology}} is the analysis of a urine sample by a pathologist under a microscope
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::CT urogram}} is delayed CT imaging 10 minutes after hte administration of IV contrast as contrast can identify urothelial lesions as "filling de…
Published	11/09/2023	{{c1::Cystoscopy}} is when a small camera is placed through the urethra and into the bladder
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Cystogram}} is when contrast is injected into the bladder via a Foley catheter and X ray images are taken to assess the integrity of the bladder…
Published	11/08/2023	What's going on in this cystogram?{{c1::There is perforation of the bladder as there is leakage of contrast into the surrounding area}}
Published	11/08/2023	{{c1::Urodynamics}} measure pressure in the bladder and rectum to get pressure of the detrusor muscle
Published	11/08/2023	Pdetrusor = {{c1::Pves - Pabd}}
Published	11/08/2023	What's going on in the right?{{c1::The detrusor is squeezing and causing bladder contraction but the abdomen didn't feel anything (Pabd ~ 0)}}
Published	11/08/2023	What's going on here?{{c1::The detrusor muscle is contracting too often (abdomen isn't doing anything(, giving you an overactive bladder}}
Published	11/08/2023	What's going on here?{{c1::Obstruction: The detrusor has a big squeeze and a strong bladder contraction , but there is very little flow}}
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