Notes in GI testing

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Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::gastric emptying test}} is indicated in patients who have chronic nausea, vomitting after meals, upper abdominal fullness, and refractory reflux
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::EGD}} + other structural test such as {{c1::upper GI series}} o{{c1::r x-ray/ CT}} are needed for a diagnosis of gastroparesis
Published	09/08/2024	options for testing H. pylori are:{{c1::urea breath test (must stop PPI)}}{{c1::stool antigen test (must stop PPI) }}{{c1::endoscopic biopsy w/ r…
Published	09/08/2024	pt must be off {{c1::antibiotics, bismuth, and PPI}} for urea breath test
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::gastrin}} is sometimes measure in patietns with recurrent peptic ulcer disease w/ no other risk factors (h. pylori or NSAID use) to assess for t…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::gastrin}} is a hormone produced by G cells in the stomach and duodenum that stimulates the release of gastric acid
Published	09/08/2024	can order an {{c1::EGD}} to assess the small bowel for erosion/ulcers, stricture, celiac disease, mass/malignancy
Published	09/08/2024	an {{c1::enteroscopy}} is performed in the small bowel if a lesion has been identified on imaging or capsule and has to be endoscopically biopsied, re…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::capsule endoscopy}} is used to evaluate the small bowel and is indicated for overt or suspected GI bleeding with normal EGD and colonscopy. It i…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::CT / MR enterography}} is used with oral contrast to assess the small bowel and can identify small bowel massess, mucosal thickening, strictures…
Published	09/08/2024	a {{c1::smart pill}} is used to measure pressure, pH, transit time, and temperature as it passes through the GI tract. may be selectedd if dysmotlity …
Published	09/08/2024	{{c2::hydrogen breath test}} (carbohydrate breath test) evaluates for small intestine bacterial overgrowth and intestinal methanogen overgrowth. Pt is…
Published	09/08/2024	celiac disease (gluten allergy) is diagnosed based on {{c1::serologic testing}} and {{c1::duodenal biopsies}} → anti tissue transglutaminase IgA and t…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::colonoscopy/ ileocolonoscopy}} is used to identify polyps, massess, inflammation, ulcers, strictures, and fistulae in the large bowel and distal…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::sigmoidoscopy}} is used if only the sigmoid and rectum need to be seen.
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::anoscopy}} is used if there is significant pain → anal fissures
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::CT colonography}} is a virtual colonoscopy and assess polyps and masses. it is recommended for screening ever 5 years
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::abdominal x rays}} can be ordered to identify stool burden
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::fecal calprotectin}} is a protein found in neutrophils that is released as part of the inflammatory process. It is used to monitor pts with IBD.…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::elastography/fibroscan}} uses ultrasound technology to measure liver stiffness. would be used in suspected liver fibrosis or cirrhosis
Published	09/08/2024	common hepatic duct + cystic duct (gallbladder) come together to form the {{c1::common bile duct}}.the common bile duct + the pancreatic duct come tog…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::MRCP}} evaluates hepatobilliary and pancreatic systems and is indicated in elevation in alk phos / t-billi, dilation on CBD on CT imaging to ass…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::ERCP }} is used to evaluate the biliary tract and is a combination of an EGD and x-ray imaging with contrast
Published	09/08/2024	an {{c1::endoscopic ultrasound}} is an US of the surrounding structures from the lumen of the GI tract and can be helpful identifying pancreatic masse…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::gallbladder}} should be assess with an abdominal US and not a CT
Published	09/08/2024	a {{c1::HIDA scan}} is performed with CCK to stimulate the release of Bile. it evaluates the flow of bile and measures gallbladdr ejection fraction. →…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::fecal fat}} test is a 24 hour stool sample test collected to quantify fecal fat → increased fecal fat indicates malabsorption and could be from …
Published	09/08/2024	only test for {{c1::infectious diarrhea}} if there it is severe (dehydration, hypotensive), lasts longer than 7 days, concerning features (hematochezi…
Published	09/08/2024	a {{c1::GI pathogen panel}} would be used for infectious diarrhea testing and includes salmonella, e coli, adenovirus, yersinia species and more
Published	09/08/2024	c diff risk factors include hospitalization, recent abx use, and IBD. stool testing includes an {{c1::antgen test}} and {{c2::toxin test }}
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::ova/parasites}} test are not routinely ordered but indicated for immunocomprimised and travel hx. → helminths: flukes/flatmworms, tapewaroms, ne…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::GI cancer markers}} are not diagnostic for cancer but are indicated for baseline level at dx, unclear diagnosis (unable to biospy), monitor resp…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::CEA}} is a colorectal cancer marker
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::Ca 19-9}} is a pancreatic and bilary cancer markere
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::AFP}} is a liver cancer marker (hepatocellular carcinoma)
Published	09/08/2024	a {{c1::colonoscopy}} is considered a one step screening tool for colorectal cancer
Published	09/08/2024	a {{c1::fecal immunochemical testing}} and {{c2::multitarget stool DNA testing}}, or {{c3::CT colonography}} are considered for two step screening tes…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::colonoscopy}} should be every 10 years if it was normal
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::fecal immunochemical test}} should be done once a year for colon cancer screening
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::multitarget stool DNA test}} should be done every 3 years for colon cancer screening
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::CT colonography}} should be done every 5 years for colon cancer screening
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