Notes in 04_Traumatic Brain Injury and Skull Fractures

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Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Traumatic Brain Injury}} describes {{c2::a malfunctioning of the brain secondary to trauma (e.g. exterenal force to the head)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Traumatic Brain Injury is classified using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) {{c1::Mild (13-15)}} {{c1::Moderate (9-12)}} {{c1::Severe (3-8)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Traumatic Brain Injury}} {{c1::Headache}} {{c1::Vomiting}} {{c1::Amnesia}} {{c1::Seizure}} {{c1::Low GCS}} {{c1::Focal neurologi…
Published	02/10/2024	Risk Factors of Traumatic Brain Injury {{c1::Blunt trauma (e.g. fall, assault, vehicle accident)}} {{c1::Petentrating trauma (e.g. stab, gunshot)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations of Traumatic Brain Injury{{c1::CT head}}{{c1::MRI head (usually for diffuse axonal injury)}}{{c1::ICP neuromonitoring}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Neuromonitoring}} describes continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure with surgically implanted pressure transducer
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Raised Intracranial Pressure}} {{c1::Constant Headache}} {{c1::Nocturnal}} {{c1::Worse on waking}} {{c1::Worse on coughing, stra…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Papilloedema}} on fundoscopy is a sign of raised ICP
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of Raised Intracranial Pressure {{c1::Space Occupying Lesion (e.g. tumour)}} {{c1::Brain Swelling (e.g. infection, abscess, empyema)}} {{c…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Cerebral oedema}} is when fluid builds up around the brain, as a result of brain injury
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Cerebral contusion and laceration}} is direct mechanical damage to the brain substance
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Coup}} Contusion occurs when a head is struck a heavy blow and the lesion is found directly under the site of impact
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Contre-coup}} Contusions occur when a moving head strikes a fixed object or unyielding surface and the lesion is found diametrically opposi…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Diffuse Axonal Injury}} describes widespread axonal damage within the brain
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the following fracture{{c1::Linear fracture}}
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the following fracture{{c1::Depressed fracture}}
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the following fracture{{c1::Comminuted fracture}}
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the following fracture{{c1::Ring fracture}}
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Raised Intracranial Pressure {{c1::Analgesia}} {{c1::Nurse with head elevation at 30-45% (venous return)}} {{c1::Osmotic agents (e.g. ma…
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Traumatic Brain Injury{{c1::Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS): stabilise cervical spine, ABC approach}}{{c1::Nonoperative: observation…
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