Notes in Li L04 Dosage Forms

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Published	10/11/2023	Drug Dosage Forms Slide 2Why are Dosage Forms Needed?They give a {{c1::defined quantity of active ingredients}}They ensure {{c1::accuracy of…
Published	10/11/2023	Dosage Forms (Slide 1)Patients take {{c1::drug (active pharmaceutical ingredient)}} in a {{c1::given dosage forms.}}Pharmacists {{c1::p…
Published	10/11/2023	Dosage Forms (Slide 1)A {{c1::drug/medication (product)}} is an (the) {{c1::active ingredient(s) in a dosage form (as a finished product).}}…
Published	10/11/2023	Conventional Dosage Forms (Slide 3)Conventional Dosage forms {{c1::release immediately (no time delay)/their release is uncontrolled}} and {{c1::they …
Published	10/11/2023	Modifed Dosage Forms (Slide 4)Drug release from a drug delivery system is modified and has a {{c1::controlled release}}Control of the drug release can…
Published	10/11/2023	Dosage Forms (Slide 5)Dosage Forms are based on {{c1::Route of Administration}}{{c2::Oral}} Dosage FormsSolid, liquid, spray{{c2::Parenteral (oth…
Published	10/11/2023	Route of Administration for Top Drug List (Slide 6)The predominant dosage form on the Top Drug List is {{c1::Oral}} (65%), with {{c1::Parental}} (19%)…
Published	10/11/2023	Dosage Forms (Slide 7)Dosage Forms are also based on {{c1::Physical State}}Examples include:{{c2::Solid}} dosage forms{{c2::Liquid}} dosage forms{{c2:…
Published	10/11/2023	Solid Oral Dosage Forms (Slide 8)3 examples of Solid Oral Dosage Forms include{{c1::PowdersTabletsCapsules}}All of these dosage forms utilize {{c1::sm…
Published	10/11/2023	Micrometrics (Slide 11)Micrometrics is the {{c1::science and technology of small particles}}
Published	10/11/2023	Size Classification of Small Particles (Slide 13/14){{c1::Molecular}} DispersionLess than 1.0 nm{{c1::Colloidal/Protein}} DispersionBetween 1.0 nm and…
Published	10/11/2023	Why do we Need to Study Particle Size? (Slide 15)Because particle size affects certain properties (5){{c1::Dissolution rate}}this property is proporti…
Published	10/11/2023	Examples of Particles in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Slide 16)Particle Size (mm) 0.5-10 mcm{{c1::Suspension, fine emulsions}}10-50 mcm{{c1::Coarse emulsi…
Published	10/11/2023	Characterization of Small Particles (Slide 17)Based on 3 factors{{c1::SizeDensitySurface Area}}
Published	10/11/2023	Shape of Particle (Slide 18)Most particles in nature or formed during grinding are {{c1::irregular in shape}}
Published	10/11/2023	Particle Size Distribution (Slide 19)Particle size is most probable when {{c1::it's not extremely small or large}}
Published	10/11/2023	Particle Size and Surface Area (Slide 20-22)Assuming volume is equal, 1 large particle has {{c1::less}} surface area than that of 8 smaller particlesT…
Published	10/11/2023	Densities of Powders (Slide 23)The Difference between True Density Equation and Bulk Density Equation is that the True Density Equation {{c1::excludes…
Published	10/11/2023	Typical Characteristics of Small Particles (Slide 25)Size{{c1::small, non-uniform}} sizeBulk density{{c1::ratio of powder mass to volume of powde…
Published	10/11/2023	Powder (Slide 26)Powders are {{c1::precursors}} for (6) dosage forms:{{c1::TabletsCapsulesOintments}}{c2::PastesSuppositoriesLiquid dosage formssoluti…
Published	10/11/2023	Powders and Powder Dosage Forms (Slide 27)Drug powders -> {{c1::pure drug substance}}Drug (active ingredient) formulated with pharmaceutic ing…
Published	10/11/2023	Powders (Slide 28)USP Definition“Powders are defined as a {{c1::single solid}} or a {{c1::mixture of solids }}in a finely divided state…
Published	10/11/2023	Powder Dosage Forms (Slide 29)Advantages{{c1::Flexibility}} of {{c1::dosing and compounding}}Good {{c1::chemical stability}}Fast {{c1::…
Published	10/11/2023	Powder (Slide 30)Latin - pulvis: as a {{c1::finely divided preparation}}{{c1::dried plant/animal}} drugmixture of {{c1::fine particles of two or more …
Published	10/11/2023	Classification of Powder by Fineness(Classification, d50 Sieve Opening (mm))Very coarse{{c1::>1000}} mmCoarse{{c1::355-1000}} mmMode…
Published	10/11/2023	Granules (Slide 32)Granules are {{c1::solid}} dosage forms that are composed of {{c1::agglomerations of smaller particles}}. These mult…
Published	10/11/2023	Granules (Slide 32)Powder FlowGood: {{c1::250 – 2000 mm}}Reasonable: {{c1::75-250 mm}}Poor: {{c1::< 75 mm}}
Published	10/11/2023	Production Methods for Powders (2){{c1::Molecular Aggregation}}PrecipitationCrystallization{{c1::Particle Size Reduction}}
Published	10/11/2023	Powder Preparation (Manually)Particle Size Reduction and MixingCommunution (4 steps){{c1::TriturationLevigationGrindPulverization}}
Published	10/11/2023	Mortars and Pestles (Slide 35)Glass mortar and pestle{{c1::Easy}} to cleanVery {{c1::smooth}} and {{c1::hard to catch things}}Porcelain mort…
Published	10/11/2023	Trituration (Slide 36)Trituration is the process in which {{c1::substances}} are {{c1::reduced to small particles}} by using a mortar and pestle
Published	10/11/2023	Levigation (Slide 37)Levigation is the process in which substances are {{c1::reduced in particle size}} by {{c1::addition of a suitable nonsolvent to …
Published	10/11/2023	Pulverization by Intervention (Slide 38)The process in which a powder is dissolved in a {{c1::small amount of volatile solvent (alcohol)}} and then al…
Published	10/11/2023	Mixing of Powders (Methods?) Slide 39 (4){{c1::SpatulationTriturationSiftingTumbling}}
Published	10/11/2023	Geometric Dilution (Slide 41)The process in which an {{c1::equal amount/volume of potent drug and diluent}} are placed in mortar and mixed by {{c…
Published	10/11/2023	Spatulation (Slide 42)Passing spatula through a powderFor {{c1::small amounts}} of powderFor solids that {{c1::may liquify}}For solids that&…
Published	10/11/2023	Sifting (Slide 43)Results in {{c1::light and fluffy}} product {{c1::(flour-like powders)}}Not suitable for {{c1::dilution}} of potent drug
Published	10/11/2023	Tumbling (Slide 44){{c1::Large-scale, thorough}} mixing{{c1::Time}}-consuming
Published	10/11/2023	Types of Powder Preparations for Dispensing (Slide 45){{c1::Bulk}} powders{{c1::Divided}} powders{{c1::Pre-packaged}} powders{{c1::Powd…
Published	10/11/2023	Bulk Powders (Slide 46)Patients are expected to measure an {{c1::individual dose from the bulk dose}}.Can lead to {{c1::Inaccuracy}}: patien…
Published	10/11/2023	Bulk Powder (Examples, Slide 47) {{c1::Antacid}} powdersOral sodium bicarbonate{{c1::Laxative}} powdersOral MiraLax{{c1::Douche}}&…
Published	10/11/2023	Divided Powder (Slide 48){{c1::Powder}} preparations that are dispensed in the form of {{c1::individual dose}}Latin: ChartulaeAbbreviation:&…
Published	10/11/2023	Effervescent Salt (Slide 49)Granules or powders consisting of {{c1::sodium bicarbonate}}, {{c1::a suitable organic (citric acid or tartaric acid)}}, a…
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