Notes in Airborne Diseases

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Published	11/04/2024	In epidemiology, what is the key factor of an airborne disease like measlesA. Its incubation periodB. Its genetic compositionC. Its distribution and s…
Published	11/04/2024	What is the primary goal of epidemiology?A. To study geneticsB. To study the distribution and determinants of health-related events C. To st…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following is true about infectivity?A. It refers to the appearance of symptoms in a hostB. It includes how an agent causes clinical sympt…
Published	11/04/2024	A high secondary attack rate indicates:A. The disease is deadlyB. The disease spreads easilyC. The disease has a long incubation periodD. The disease …
Published	11/04/2024	If 100 people are infected with measles and 10 show symptoms, what is the pathogenicity?A. 10%B. 50%C. 90%D. 100%
Published	11/04/2024	The following are model airborne infections except: A. Measles, rhinovirus, influenza, adenovirus, SARS, TB B. Bioterrorist agents such as smallpox a…
Published	11/04/2024	MDR or Multidrug-Resistant TB is resistant to how many drugs used to treat TB? A. One  B. More than 1 C. Almost all drugs used to treat TB
Published	11/04/2024	XDR or Extensively Drug-Resistant TB is resistant to how many drugs used to treat TB?A. One B. TwoC. ThreeD. Almost all drugs used to treat …
Published	11/04/2024	True or False. Monkeypox or MPOX is sexually transmitted only. A. TrueB. False
Published	11/04/2024	True or False. The virulence and pathogenicity of MPOX is less compared to COVID-19. A. True B. False
Published	11/04/2024	Measles are transmitted through the following except:A. DropletB. AirborneC. Skin to skin
Published	11/04/2024	True or False. Measles has an animal reservoir which does not make it a candidate for “elimination.”A. TrueB. False
Published	11/04/2024	True or false. Influenza has animal reservoirs such as avians and swine.A. TrueB. False
Published	11/04/2024	True or False. COVID-19 has bats as its animal reservoirs. A. True B. False
Published	11/04/2024	What is the temporal pattern of measles?A. Summer (June to August)B. Late winter-spring (January to March)C. Late fall-winter (October-February)D…
Published	11/04/2024	What is the portal of exit and entry of measles?A. Exit - skin lesions, entry - absorption via open woundsB. Exit - feces, entry - fecal-oralC.&n…
Published	11/04/2024	Incubation period of measles:A. 1-3 days, average 2 daysB. 2-7 days, average 5 daysC. 7-12 days, average 10 daysD. 7-21 days, average 14 day…
Published	11/04/2024	After how many days upon exposure to Measles does the maculopapular rash in the buccal and lower labial mucosa opposite the lower molars appear?A. 4B.…
Published	11/04/2024	How does the maculopapular rash of measles spread?A. ProximallyB. DistallyC. Left to rightD. Up to down
Published	11/04/2024	What are the 4C’s of Measles?A. Chlamydia, colds, cough, coryzaB. Cough, cancer, cardiogenic shock, coryzaC. Coryza, congestion, conjunctivitis, …
Published	11/04/2024	What type of influenza virus is typically more virulent in poultry?A. Type B influenzaB. Type C influenzaC. Type A influenzaD. Type D influe…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following subtypes of avian influenza is highly pathogenic and often causes death in poultry?A. H1, H3B. H5, H7C. H9, H10D. H2,…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following is NOT a common clinical feature of avian influenza in humans?A. FeverB. DiarrheaC. Skin rashD. Shortness of bre…
Published	11/04/2024	What is the incubation period for avian influenza in humans?A. 1-3 daysB. 2-7 daysC. 7-10 daysD. 10-14 days
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following is a common source of H5N1 transmission to humans?A. Handling dead wild birdsB. Consuming undercooked poultryC. Direc…
Published	11/04/2024	What is the primary difference between Antigenic Drift and Antigenic Shift? A. Antigenic Drift involves major changes in surface receptors, while Ant…
Published	11/04/2024	What is a key characteristic of a pandemic influenza virus? A. It involves a new subtype of influenza A virus that spreads efficiently and sustainabl…
Published	11/04/2024	During past influenza pandemics, which group experienced a higher proportion of deaths? A. Elderly individuals B. Infants and young children C. Immun…
Published	11/04/2024	Which historical influenza pandemic caused the most significant mortality worldwide? A. 1968-1969 (H3N2) B. 1957-1958 (H2N2) C. 1918-1919 (H1N1) D. 2…
Published	11/04/2024	Which hemagglutinin strain has consistently been present in past pandemics?A. H3B. H1C. H5D. H7
Published	11/04/2024	During which WHO phase of a pandemic is human infection with a novel virus observed but without sustained human-to-human transmission? A. Phase 2 B. …
Published	11/04/2024	What is a key strategy to decrease the impact of a pandemic once it has begun? A. Increasing international travel restrictions B. Isolating only anim…
Published	11/04/2024	In which phase is there no new influenza virus subtypes in humans, but an animal subtype poses a risk of human disease? A. Phase 1 B. Phase 2 C. Phas…
Published	11/04/2024	What defines Phase 6 of the WHO pandemic phases?A. Small clusters of infection but no sustained human-to-human transmissionB. Large, localized cl…
Published	11/04/2024	What type of influenza is caused by gradual variations in a previous year’s virus surface proteins? A. Pandemic Influenza B. Avian Influenza C. Seaso…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following is the source of new influenza A viruses that can lead to pandemics?A. Seasonal InfluenzaB. Avian InfluenzaC. Swine FluD. Spani…
Published	11/04/2024	What is the primary cause of pandemic influenza?A. Antigenic shiftB. Antigenic driftC. Human-to-human transmissionD. Seasonal variation
Published	11/04/2024	What is the primary cause of seasonal influenza? A. Antigenic shift B. Antigenic drift C. Human-to-human transmission D. Seasonal variation
Published	11/04/2024	Which types of influenza viruses cause significant disease worldwide? A. Type A only B. Types A and B C. Types B and C D. Types A, B, and C
Published	11/04/2024	Which influenza virus type is more virulent and has reservoirs in wild waterfowl?A. Type BB. Type CC. Type AD. Type A and B
Published	11/04/2024	Which influenza virus types are limited to humans?A. Type A onlyB. Types B and CC. Types A and CD. Type A, B, and C
Published	11/04/2024	Which surface protein of Influenza A is responsible for the attachment of the virus to host cells?A. Neuraminidase (NA)B. Hemagglutinin (HA)C.&nb…
Published	11/04/2024	Statement 1: Hemagglutinin (HA) allows the virus to attach to host cells in a lock-and-key fashion.Statement 2: Neuraminidase (NA) helps release new v…
Published	11/04/2024	If a person is exposed to a strain of Influenza A with a strong antibody response to Hemagglutinin (HA), what will be the likely outcome? A. The viru…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following statements is/are true regarding Neuraminidase (NA)?S1: NA helps in the release of virions from infected cells.S2: Antibodies a…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following influenza subtypes can infect humans, birds, and pigs? A. H3N2 B. H5N1 C. H1N1 and H2N2 D. H7N9
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following statements is true regarding influenza transmission? A. Transmission only occurs through direct contact with infected individu…
Published	11/04/2024	Statement 1: Influenza viral shedding begins one day before the onset of symptoms and continues for up to five days.Statement 2: Peak viral shedding o…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following are known complications of influenza?S1: MyocarditisS2: EncephalopathyS3: Febrile seizuresS4: Gastrointestinal infectionsA. Onl…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following treatments against Influenza are not recommended due to resistance?A. Oseltamivir and ZanamivirB. Rimantadine and Amantadi…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following statements is true regarding influenza vaccination? A. The flu shot protects against all influenza strains, including pandemic…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following groups is most at risk for severe complications of influenza? A. Adults aged 20-30 B. Adults >65 years C. Individuals witho…
Published	11/04/2024	Which of the following precautions is specifically recommended to prevent the transmission of influenza in healthcare settings?A. Hand washing onlyB.&…
Published	11/04/2024	N95 masks can filter out particles between 1-5 μ in size, making them effective for droplet nuclei transmission prevention. A. True B. False
Published	11/04/2024	Measles can cause complications that may lead to hospitalization or death in severe cases. The following are the complications: A. Encephalitis, otit…
Published	11/04/2024	Measles can cause infertility in males A. True B. False
Published	11/04/2024	Measles vaccination provide lifetime protection if two doses are completed. As a doctor, when should you administer MMR vaccine and its booster? A. Fi…
Published	11/04/2024	Measles are airborne spread through aerosolized droplet nuclei for up to how many hours after the infected person has left the area?A. 1 hrB. 2 hrC.&n…
Published	11/04/2024	What is the R0 for measles? A. 15, lower than swine-origin H1N1 and smallpox B. 15, higher than swine-origin H1N1 and smallpox C. 15, higher than swi…
Published	11/04/2024	Some of the treatments for measles and/or its complications may include: A. Antiviral treatments, good nutrition and fluid intake, antibiotics, vitam…
Published	11/04/2024	Measles is a highly communicable disease. How long is its period of infectiousness? A. 8 days B. 9 days C. 8-9 days  D. 9-10 days
Published	11/04/2024	Children diagnosed with measles in developing countries should be given 2 doses of Vitamin A supplements.  A. Yes, the doses should be given 24 h…
Published	11/04/2024	What is the post-exposure standard recommendation for measles? A. Post-exposure immunization of susceptible contacts within 72 hours of exposure B. P…
Published	11/04/2024	What are the key public health strategies to reduce global measles deaths? A. Routine measles vaccination for childrenB. Mass immunization campai…
Published	11/04/2024	Measles vaccine is often incorporated with other vaccines such as: A. Measles + mumps, rubella (MMR) B. Measles + mumps, rubella, varicella (MMRV) C. …
Published	11/04/2024	What is the composition and efficacy rate of Measles vaccines?A. Live attenuated, 95% (range is 90% - 98%)B. Live attenuated, 101% (range is 90% …
Published	11/04/2024	The following are some differences between airborne and droplet modes of transmission except: A. Airborne are relatively small numbers of organisms w…
Published	11/04/2024	How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis typically transmitted to a person’s respiratory system?A. Via direct contact with infected skinB. Through inges…
Published	11/04/2024	How many seconds does it take for a 100-micron-sized particle to fall from the second story of a building down to the ground level? A. >10 seconds…
Published	11/04/2024	COVID-19 is transmitted via what mode? A. Airborne B. Droplet C. Both D. Neither
Published	11/04/2024	Diseases that spread airborne are classified as A. Direct transmissionB. Indirect transmissionC. Respiratory transmissionD. Contact transmis…
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