Notes in 02AnteriorNeck

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Published	07/30/2024	An incision along a {{c1::cleavage line}} will heal as a narrow scar
Published	07/30/2024	The superficial fascia of the neck forms a thin layer that encloses the: {{c1::cutaneous nervesplatysma musclesuperficial veinssuperficial …
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::first}} cervical nerve has no cutaneous branch.
Published	07/30/2024	The greater occipital nerve is a branch of the {{c1::posterior ramus of the second cervical nerve}}
Published	07/30/2024	The skin of the front and sides of the neck is supplied by {{c1::anterior::anterior/posterior}} rami of cervical nerves 2 to 4 throu…
Published	07/30/2024	CERVICAL PLEXUSLesser Occipital: {{c1:: C2}}Great Auricular: {{c1::C2-C3}}Transverse Cutaneous: {{c1::C2-C3}}Supraclavicul…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lesser Occipital Nerve::Cutaneous Nerve}} Supply the skin over the lateral part of the occipital region and the medial surfa…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Great Auricular Nerve::Cutaneous Nerve}} Divides into branches that supply the skin over the angle of the mandible, on the parotid gland, and …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tranverse Cutaneous Nerve::Cutaneous Nerve}} Divides into branches that supply the skin on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the neck, f…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Intermediate Supraclavicular Nerves::Cutaneous Nerve}} Crosses the middle of the clavicle and supplies the skin of the chest wall  …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Medial Supraclavicular Nerves::Cutaneous Nerve}} Crosses the medial end of the clavicle and supplies the skin as far as the median pl…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lateral Supraclavicular Nerves::Cutaneous Nerve}} Crosses the lateral end of the clavicle and supplies the skin over the shoulder and…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Supraclavicular Nerves::Cutaneous Nerve}} Also supplies the posterior aspect of the shoulder as far down as the spine of the scapu…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Platysma}} Facial muscle derived from the first pharyngeal arch and innervated by the facial nerve; Depresses the mandible and …
Published	07/30/2024	External Jugular VeinUnion: {{c1::Posterior Auricular Vein and Posterior division of retromandibular vein}}Commencement: {{c1::Angle of the mandible}}…
Published	07/30/2024	several small veins -> {{c1::anterior jugular vein}}->runs down the neck and above the suprasternal notch -> veins unit by a transverse …
Published	07/30/2024	External Jugular Vein Visibility (> or <)Children {{c1::<}} AdultsMen {{c1::>}} WomenObese {{c1::<}} UnderweightSinger&n…
Published	07/30/2024	When the patient lies at a horizontal angle of {{c1::30}} degrees, the level of bloof in the EJV reaches about 1/3 of the way up the neck which makes …
Published	07/30/2024	When the EJV is cathetherized, the {{c1::right::right/left}} EJV is used and is cathetherized about halfway between the level of the cricoid cart…
Published	07/30/2024	SUPERIOR CERVICAL LYMPH NODES receive lymph vessels from: {{c1::occipital and mastoid lymph nodes}} drainage: {{c1::deep cervical…
Published	07/30/2024	Lacerations that affect the {{c1::Platysma::Muscle}} can result in scars and distortion of the shape of the mouth
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::PLATYSMA}}Origin: {{c2::Deep fascia over pectoralis major and deltoid}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of the mandible and angle of the mouth}}Nerve …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID}}Origin: {{c2::Manubrium sterni and medial third of the clavicle}}Insertion: {{c2::Mastoid process of the temporal and …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::DIGASTRIC (Posterior belly)}}Origin: {{c2::Digastric notch on the mastoid porcess of the temporal bone}}Insertion: {{c2::Intermediate tendo…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::DIGASTRIC (Anterior belly)}}Origin: {{c2::Body of the mandible}}Nerve supply: {{c2:: Nerve to mylohyoid}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::STYLOHYOID}}Origin: {{c2::Styloid Process}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of hyoid bone}}Nerve supply: {{c2:: Facial nerve}}Action: {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::GENIOHYOID}}Origin: {{c2::Inferior mental spine of the mandible}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of hyoid bone}}Nerve supply: {{c2:: First cervi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::MYLOHYOID}}Origin: {{c2::Mylohyoid line of body of the mandible}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of hyoid bone and fibrous raphe}}Nerve supply: …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::STERNOHYOID}}Origin: {{c2::Manubrium sterni and clavicle}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of hyoid bone}}Nerve supply: {{c2:: Ansa cervicalis; c…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::THYROHYOID}}Origin: {{c2::Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage}}Insertion: {{c2::Lower border of body of hyoid bone}}Nerve supply:&n…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::OMOHYOID, Inferior belly}}Origin: {{c2::Upper margin of scapula and suprascapular ligament}}Insertion: {{c2::Intermediate tendon (held to c…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::OMOHYOID, Superior belly}}Origin: {{c2::Lower border of body of hyoid bone}}Insertion: {{c2::Intermediate tendon (held to clavicle and firs…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Scalenus Anterior}}Origin: {{c2::Transverse process of 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae}}Insertion: {{c2::First rib)}}Nerve supply…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Scalenus Medius}}Origin: {{c2::Transverse process of upper 6 cervical vertebrae}}Insertion: {{c2::First rib)}}Nerve supply: {{c2::Ante…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Scalenus Posterior}}Origin: {{c2::Transverse process of upper 6 cervical vertebrae}}Insertion: {{c2::First rib)}}Nerve supply: {{c2::A…
Published	07/30/2024	The neck is between {{c1::lower border of the mandible::superiorly}} and {{c1::upper border of the clavicle::inferiorly}}
Published	07/30/2024	Structures around neckAnterior central portion: {{c1::trachea, larynx}}Posterior portion: {{c1::Pharynx, esophagus}}Traverse on either side:&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::submental triangle}} is found inferior to {{c2::symphysis menti}}, which is the highest point of the neck
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HYOID BONE}}Lies at the {{c2::3rd}} cervical vertebra; site of attachment for muscles that fix the tongue
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Thyroid Cartilage}}Notch structure at the level of the {{c2::4th}} cervical vertebra
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Laryngeal Prominence}}Area where the two laminae of the thyroid cartilage meet each other
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Thyrohyoid membrane}} Fills the interval between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage
Published	07/30/2024	Cricoid cartilage Lies at the level of the {{c1::6th}} cervical vertebra
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::cricotracheal ligament }}the area under the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring; fills the interval between these 2 cartilage…
Published	07/30/2024	Tracheal RingsCan be felt by gentle palpations above the {{c1::isthmus}} of the thyroid gland.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Isthmus}}connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland; overlies the {{c2::2nd-4th}} rings of the trachea
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clavicle}}Forms the inferior border of the neck; Site of the insertion of the neck muscles
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Suprasternal Notch}}Felt between the medial ends of the clavicles, forming the superior border of the {{c3::manubrium sterni}} and lies oppo…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sternocleidomastoid}}Band of muscles which divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles; Where the cutaneous nerves of the neck em…
Published	07/30/2024	SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDArterial Supply: {{c1::Submental arteries}}Venous Drainage: {{c1::Accompanying veins of submental arteries}}Lymphatic Drainage: {{c…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::mylohyoid muscle}} divides the submandibular gland into a superficial and deep part
Published	07/30/2024	The openings of the submandibular ducts are located beside the {{c1::frenulum}} of the tongue.
Published	07/30/2024	The thyroid is attached to the hyoid bone by a {{c1::fibromuscular band}}
Published	07/30/2024	POLES OF THE THYROIDSuperior Pole: {{c1::Reaches up to the oblique line of the lamina of the thyroid cartilageI}}nferior Pole: {{c1::Reaches as low as…
Published	07/30/2024	VASCULAR SUPPLY OF THE THYROIDArterial Supply: {{c1::ECA}} -> Superior Thyroid Artery; {{c1::Thyrocervical trunk of the Subclavian Artery}} -> I…
Published	07/30/2024	The area where the {{c1::superior thyroid artery}} enters the thyroid gland is most vulnerable because it is related to the {{c2::external laryngeal n…
Published	07/30/2024	Sometimes, if the surgeon ligates the {{c1::inferior thyroid artery}}, there is a possibility of inadvertently ligating the {{c2::recurrent laryng…
Published	07/30/2024	Lying in the posterior border of the thyroid gland within the fascial capsule of the thyroid, the {{c1::superior::superior/inferior}} parathyroid glan…
Published	07/30/2024	PARATHYROID GLANDSBlood Supply: {{c1::Superior and Inferior thyroid arteries}}Venous Drainage: {{c1::Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins}}Ner…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::right::right/left}} common carotid artery arises from the {{c2::brachiocephalic artery}} behind the {{c3::right sternoclavicular joint}} …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Carotid Sinus}}Serves as a reflex pressoreceptor (baroreceptor) mechanism: a rise in blood pressure causes a slowing of the heart rate and va…
Published	07/30/2024	CAROTID BODYLocation: {{c1::posterior to the point of bifurcation of the common carotid artery}}Innervation: {{c1::glossopharyngeal nerve (and poss…
Published	07/30/2024	Chemoreceptor: Carotid {{c1::Body::Body/Sinus}}Baroreceptor: Carotid {{c1::Sinus::Body/Sinus}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Superior Thyroid Artery::Braches of the ECA}} Curves downward to the upper pole of the thyroid gland. It gives off the superior laryngeal arte…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ascending Pharyngeal artery::Braches of the ECA}} Ascends vertically along and supplies the pharyngeal wall.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lingual artery::Braches of the ECA}} Loops upward and forward and supplies the tongue
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Facial Artery::Braches of the ECA}}Branches supply the tonsil (via the tonsillar branch), the submandibular salivary gland, and the muscles and …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Occipital Artery::Braches of the ECA}} Supplies the back of the scalp
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Posterior Auricular Artery::Braches of the ECA}} Supplies the auricle and the scalp
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Superficial Temporal Artery::Braches of the ECA}} The smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery ascends over the zygomatic …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Maxilllary::Braches of the ECA}}Branches supply the upper and the lower jaws, the muscles of mastication, the nose, the palate, and the meninges…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::middle meningeal artery}} branches off the maxillary artery, enters the skull through the {{c2::foramen spinosum}}, runs latera…
Published	07/30/2024	The internal carotid artery begins at the {{c1::bifurcation of the common carotid artery}} at the level of the {{c1::upper border of the thyroid…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ophthalmic Artery::Branches of the ICA}} It gives off the central artery of the retina, which enters the optic nerve and runs forward…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Posterior Communicating Artery::Branches of the ICA}} This artery runs posteriorly to join the posterior cerebral artery  …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Anterior Cerebral Artery::Branches of the ICA}} A terminal branch of the internal carotid artery, it passes forward between the cereb…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Middle Cerebral Artery::Branches of the ICA}} The larger terminal branch of the internal carotid artery, it runs laterally in the …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) ::Branches of the ICA}}A roughly circular network of arteries ringing the sella turcic…
Published	07/30/2024	Circle of WIllis contribution: Internal carotid:{{c1::anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and pos…
Published	07/30/2024	To complete the circle of Willis, the posterior cerebral arteries anastomose with the {{c1::posterior communicating arteries}}  …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN}}Large vein that receives blood from the brain, scalp, face, and neck
Published	07/30/2024	IJV PATHWAY{{c1::Sigmoid Sinus}} -> Internal Jugular Vein -> Leaves the skull through the {{c1::Jugular Foramen}} -> Descends through…
Published	07/30/2024	Tributaries of the Internal Jugular Vein{{c1::Inferior Petrosal SinusFacial VeinPharyngeal VeinsLingual VeinSuperior Thyroid VeinMiddle Thyroid Vei…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Air embolism}} is a serious complication of a lacerated wall of the internal jugular vein
Published	07/30/2024	RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERYOrigin: {{c1::Right brachiocephalic artery }}Commencement: {{c1::Behind the right sternoclavicular joint}} Term…
Published	07/30/2024	LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERYOrigin: {{c1::Arch of aorta  }}Commencement: {{c1::Level of the manubrium sternum }} Termination: {{c1::Lev…
Published	07/30/2024	INTERNAL JUGULAR VEINContinuation: {{c1::Sigmoid Sinus}}Commencement: {{c1::Jugular Foramen}} Termination: {{c1::Joins the subclavian…
Published	07/30/2024	PlatysmaOrigin: {{c1::Deep fascia over pectoralis major and deltoid}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of the mandible and angle of the mouth}}Nerve supply:&…
Published	07/30/2024	SternocleidomastoidOrigin: {{c1::Manubrium sterni and medial third of clavicle}}Insertion: {{c2::Mastoid process of the temporal bone and occipit…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Posterior belly of digastric}}Origin: {{c1::Digastric notch on the mastoid process of the temporal bone}}Insertion: {{c2::Intermediate tend…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Anterior belly of digastric}}Origin: {{c1::Body of mandible}}Insertion: {{c2::Intermediate tendon (held to hyoid by fascial sling)}}Nerve s…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Stylohyoid}}Origin: {{c1::Styloid process}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of hyoid bone)}}Nerve supply: {{c3::Facial nerve}}Action: {{c4::…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Mylohyoid}}Origin: {{c1::Mylohyoid line of body of the mandible}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of hyoid bone and fibrous raphe)}}Nerve supply:&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Geniohyoid}}Origin: {{c1::Inferior mental spine of the mandible}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of hyoid bone}}Nerve supply: {{c3::First cervic…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Sternohyoid}}Origin: {{c1::Manubrium sterni and clavicle}}Insertion: {{c2::Body of hyoid bone}}Nerve supply: {{c3::Ansa cervicalis; C1…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Sternothyroid}}Origin: {{c1::Manubrium sterni}}Insertion: {{c2::Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage}}Nerve supply: {{c3::Ansa …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Thyrohyoid}}Origin: {{c1::Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage}}Insertion: {{c2::Lower border of body of hyoid bone}}Nerve supply:&n…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Inferior belly of omohyoid}}Origin: {{c1::Upper margin of scapula and suprascapular ligament}}Insertion: {{c2::Intermediate tendon (held to…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c5::Superior belly of omohyoid}}Origin: {{c1::Lower border of body of hyoid bone}}Insertion: {{c2::Intermediate tendon (held to clavicle and fi…
Published	07/30/2024	Muscles superior to the hyoid bone are called {{c1::suprahyoid muscles}}
Published	07/30/2024	Muscles inferior to the hyoid bone are called {{c1::infrahyoid muscles}}
Published	07/30/2024	The SCM, muscles anterior to the SCM, plus the inferior belly of the omohyoid, are elongated bands and are collectively referred to as the {{c1::strap…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::sternocleidomastoid (SCM)}} muscle divides the neck into {{c2::anterior and posterior}} triangles.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Congenital torticollis}} is a result of excessive stretching of the sternocleidomastoid muscle during a difficult labor.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Spasmodic}} torticollis is a result of repeatted chronic contractions of the SCM and trapezius muscles.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Anterior triangle::neck triangle}} - boundaries are the SCM, the midline of the neck, and the lower margin of the body of the mandible.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Muscular::neck triangle}} - boundaries are the anterior midline, anterior edge of SCM, superior belly of the omohyoid
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Muscular::neck triangle}} - major triangle contents include infrahyoid muscles, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Carotid triangle::neck triangle}} - boundaries are the superior belly of the omohyoid, anterior edge of SCM, posterior belly of digastric
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Carotid triangle::neck triangle}} - major triangle contents are the CCA, carotid sinus, and carotid body
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Submental triangle::neck triangle}} - boundaries are the anterior midline, hyoid bone, anterior belly of digastric
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Submental triangle::neck triangle}} - major triangle contents are the submental lymph nodes and the anterior jugular vein
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Submandibular (digastric) triangle::neck triangle}} - boundaries are the lower margin of body of the mandible, anterior belly of digastric, post…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Submandibular (digastric) triangle::neck triangle}} - major triangle contents include the submandibular gland
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Posterior triangle::neck triangle}} - boundaries are the SCM, trapezius, and clavicle
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Occipital triangle::neck triangle}} - boundaries are the SCM, trapezius, inferior belly of omohyoid
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Occipital triangle::neck triangle}} - major triangle contents are the occipital artery, spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), brachial plexus (trunks)
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Omoclavicular triangle::neck triangle}} - boundaries are SCM, inferior belly of omohyoid, clavicle
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Omoclavicular triangle::neck triangle}} - major triangle contents include the third part of the subclavian artery
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::investing layer::deep cervical fascial layer}} encircles the next and splits to enclose the trapezius and the SCM muscles.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::pretracheal layer::deep cervical fascial layer}} is a think layer that surrounds the thyroid and the parathyroid glands, forming a shea…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::prevertebral layer::deep cervical fascial layer}} is a thick layer that passes like a septum across the neck behind the pharynx and the…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::prevertebral layer::deep cervical fascial layer}} forms the fascial floor of the posterior triangle.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::prevertebral layer::deep cervical fascial layer}} extends laterally over the first rib into the axilla to form the axillary sheath.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::carotid sheath::deep cervical fascia}} is a local condensation of the prevertebral, pretracheal, and investing layers of the deep fasci…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::axillary sheath::deep cervical fascia}} is formed when the prevertebral fascia extends into the axilla as the subclavian artery and the…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::stylohyoid ligament::ligament}} connects the styloid process to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::pterygomandibular ligament (raphe)::ligament}} connects the hamkular process of the medial pterygoid plate to the posterior end of the myloh…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::stylomandibular ligament::ligament}} connects the styloid process to the angle of the mandible
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::sphenomandibular ligament::ligament}} connects the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of the mandible.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ludwig angina}} is an acute infection of the submandibular fascial space and is commonly secondary to dental infection.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::hypoglossal nerve::cranial nerve}} comes from the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata (between the pyramid and the olive)
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::hypoglossal nerve::cranial nerve}} crosses the posterior cranial fossa, and leaves the skull via {{c2::hypoglossal}} canal.
Published	07/30/2024	Hypoglossal nerve courseExits the {{c1::hypoglossal}} canalDescends with the {{c1::ICA::artery}}Crosses the {{c1::IJV::vein}} up to the level of the p…
Published	07/30/2024	The hypoglossal nerve is purely motor. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	The descending branch of the hypoglossal nerve joins with C1 to form part of the {{c1::Ansa cervicalis}} together with C2 and C3
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::vagus}} nerve exits from the {{c2::jugular}} foramen and distributes to the neck, thoracic structures, and abdominal cavity (up to proximal …
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::vagus}} nerve originates from the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata (between the olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle)
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::cranial}} root of the {{c2::accessory}} nerve joins the vagus and it distributes into {{c3::pharyngeal and recurrent laryngea…
Published	07/30/2024	What deep cervical fascia is the vagus nerve enclosed in? {{c1::carotid sheath}}
Published	07/30/2024	The right vagus nerve descends and hooks around the right {{c1::subclavian artery}} to give off the right recurrent laryngeal nerve
Published	07/30/2024	The left vagus nerve descends and hooks around the {{c1::aortic arch}} to give off the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::ansa cervicalis}} innervate the omohyoid, sternothyroid, and sternohyoid muscles.
Published	07/30/2024	The submandibular gland is divided into a suiperficial and deep part by the {{c1::mylohyoid}} muscle
Published	07/30/2024	ICA PathwayLeaves neck through {{c1::carotid canal}} in the petrous part of the temporal bone -> passes upward and forward in the {{c1::ca…
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