Notes in ✧ Translation

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/14/2024	What process takes RNA and makes protein? {{c1::translation}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which sequence of bases is a start codon (methionine) in mRNA? {{c1::AUG}}
Published	01/14/2024	What does AUG encode for in eukaryotes?{{c1::Methionine (start codon)}}
Published	01/14/2024	What does AUG encode for in prokaryotes?{{c1::N-formylmethionine, or fMet (start codon)}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::tRNAs}} are the smallest RNAs and have a clover-leaf structure
Published	01/14/2024	At the base of a tRNA molecule is a(n) {{c1::anti-codon loop}}, which base pairs with a codon of mRNA in a complementary, antiparallel fashion
Published	01/14/2024	At the {{c2::3}}' end of a tRNA molecule is a(n) {{c1::5'-CCA-3'}} sequence, which is the amino acid acceptor stem
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c1::T-arm}} of tRNA contains the TΨC sequence (ribothymidine, pseudouridine, cytidine) necessary for tRNA-ribosome binding
Published	01/14/2024	What is the function of the T-arm of tRNA? {{c1::tRNA-ribosome binding}}
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c1::D-arm}} of tRNA contains dihydrouridine residues necessary for tRNA recognition by the correct aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Published	01/14/2024	What is the function of the D-arm of tRNA? {{c1::Recognition of tRNA by the correct aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase}}
Published	01/14/2024	tRNA is joined with its specific amino acid via the enzyme {{c1::aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase}}
Published	01/14/2024	Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase requires {{c1::ATP}} and releases inorganic PPi
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::mischarged}} tRNA reads its usual codon but inserts the wrong amino acid
Published	01/14/2024	Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and binding of charged tRNA to the codon are responsible for {{c1::accuracy}} of amino acid selection
Published	01/14/2024	Peptide bond formation is facilitated by the ribozyme {{c1::peptidyl transferase}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the smaller ribosomal subunit used in prokaryotic translation? {{c1::30s}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the larger ribosomal subunit used in prokaryotic translation? {{c1::50s}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the total size of the ribosome used in prokaryotic translation?{{c1::70s}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the smaller ribosomal subunit used in eukaryotic translation? {{c1::40s}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the larger ribosomal subunit used in eukaryotic translation? {{c1::60s}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the total size of the ribosome used in eukaryotic translation?{{c1::80s}}
Published	01/14/2024	Eukaryotic {{c1::Initiation Factors}} help assemble the 40s ribosomal subunit with the initiator tRNA
Published	01/14/2024	Which nucleotide triphosphate is used in the charging of tRNA?{{c1::ATP}}
Published	01/14/2024	Where in the cell does translation begin?{{c1::Cytoplasm}}
Published	01/14/2024	Translation is initiated by {{c1::GTP}} hydrolysis
Published	01/14/2024	At what site of the ribosome does tRNA bind to for translation initiation? {{c1::P site}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which tRNA binds to the P site of the ribosome to initiate translation? {{c1::Methionine-tRNA}}
Published	01/14/2024	At what site of the ribosome does tRNA bind to for translation elongation? {{c1::A site}}
Published	01/14/2024	In the first step of strand elongation, a(n) {{c1::aminoacyl-tRNA}} binds to the A site
Published	01/14/2024	After aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the A site of the ribosome, {{c1::peptidyl transferase}}, a ribozyme, catalyzes peptide bond formation (translation)
Published	01/14/2024	In the final step of translation elongation, {{c1::translocation}} of the ribosome occurs, advancing the ribosome 3 nucleotides towards the 3' end of …
Published	01/14/2024	Translocation of the ribosome during translation moves peptidyl tRNA from the {{c1::A}} site to the {{c1::P}} site
Published	01/14/2024	In addition to GTP, translocation of the ribosome during translation also requires eukaryotic {{c1::elongation factor 2 (eEF-2)}}
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c1::E}} site of the ribosome holds empty tRNA as it exits
Published	01/14/2024	One class of post-translational modifications is {{c1::covalent alterations}}, which include phosphorylation, glycosylation, hydroxylation, methylatio…
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::chaperone}} protein, is an intracellular protein involved in facilitating and/or maintaining protein {{c2::folding}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Free}} ribosomes are unattached to any membrane and are the site of synthesis for cytosolic and organellar proteins
Published	01/14/2024	The exotoxin Diphtheria toxin causes {{c2::ADP-ribosylation (and therefore inhibition)}} of {{c2::elongation factor-2 (EF2)}}
Status	Last Update	Fields