Notes in 07 Valvular disease

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Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c1::Endocarditis}} is infection of the cardiac valves. Risk factors include {{c2::intravenous drug abuse}}, po…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseValvular vegetations in endocarditis are usually diagnosed by {{c1::echocardiography}}, although CT angiography is ro…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c1::Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)}} is the most common congential cardiovascular abnormality.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseAcquired BAV occurs when fusion of two cusps of a trileaflet valve results in a functional bicuspid valve, often due …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseBicuspid aortic valve is classified into three types depending on the number of {{c1::raphes}} present.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseImages of the {{c1::bicuspid aortic valve}} have a characteristic {{c2::fishmouth}} appearance.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseBicuspid aortic valves predispose patients to early onset degenerative aortic {{c1::stenosis}}, aortic {{c1::regurgit…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseOther abnormalities associated with bicuspid aortic valves include aortic {{c1::coarctation}}, {{c2::supravalvular}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseCT images are oriented with the left main coronary artery ostium on the right and RCA ostium on the left side of the …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseCT images are oriented with the left main coronary artery ostium on the right and RCA ostium on the left side of the …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseCT images are oriented with the left main coronary artery ostium on the right and RCA ostium on the left side of the …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c1::Valvular}} aortic stenosis is most commonly caused by congenital {{c2::bicuspid aortic valve}}, age associated …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c1::Subvalvular}} aortic stenosis can occur due to obstruction by: 1.) A {{c2::fibrous membrane}} beneath the …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c1::Supravalvular}} aortic stenosis is rare and occurs either as an isolated congenital anomaly or associated with …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseAortic stenosis causes left ventricular {{c1::hypertrophy}}. The heart size {{c2::does not change::increases/dec…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseThe {{c1::ascending aorta}} is usually {{c2::enlarged}} in long-standing valvular aortic stenosis.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseasePulmonary vascularity is typically {{c1::normal::normal/increased/decreased?}} in aortic stenosis
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseNormal aortic valve has an orifice area {{c1::>2}} cm2. A valvular area {{c2::<1}} cm2 and pressure g…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseAortic regurgitation can result from abnormality of the aortic {{c1::valve}}, aortic {{c2::annulus}}, or ascending ao…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseLong-standing aortic {{c2::regurgitation}} causes left ventricular enlargement, which is apparent on radiographs as {…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseThe pulmonary vasculature is typically {{c1::normal::normal/increased/decreased?}} in aortic regurgitation
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseThe most common cause of mitral stenosis is {{c1::rheumatic heart disease}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseMitral stenosis appears as a {{c1::normal size::size}} heart with {{c2::left atrial enlargement}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseasePulmonary venous pressures are typically {{c1::elevated::normal/elevated/reduced?}} with mitral stenosis
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseNormal mitral valve has an orifice area of {{c1::4–6}} cm2. A valvular area {{c2::<1}} cm2 and pressure …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c5::Mitral regurgitation}} is most commonly caused by {{c1::degenerative}} valvular disease, mitral valve {{c2::pro…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseAcute mitral regurgitation secondary to myocardial infarction can present as {{c1::acute pulmonary edema}} with a nor…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseChronic mitral regurgitation can lead to {{c1::cardiac dilatation::heart size}} and {{c2::left atrial enlargement::ch…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseThe {{c1::left atrial appendage (LAA)}} is often enlarged in patients with {{c2::rheumatic disease}}, which is a comm…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c3::Mitral valve prolapse}} is diagnosed when there is  “bowing” of the mitral valve leaflets greater than {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c1::Mitral annular calcification (MAC)}} is a degenerative process where calcium is deposited along the {{c2::fibro…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseMitral annular calcification (MAC) may be associated with increased risk of {{c1::stroke}}, adverse cardiovascular ev…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular disease{{c1::Mitral annular calcification (MAC)}} can be associated with {{c2::mitral regurgitation::valvular abnormality}}I…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseDx? {{c1::Mitral annular calcifications}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Valvular diseaseWhat valvular abnormality is this finding associated with? {{c1::Mitral regurgitation. NOT mitral stenosis!}}
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