Notes in 01 Intramedullary lesions

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Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Intramedullary}} refers to a location within the {{c2::spinal cord}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Intradural extramedullary}} refers to a location within the {{c2::dura (thecal sac)}}, outside of the spina…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Extradural}} refers to a location outside of the {{c2::dura (thecal sac)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsAstrocytoma → {{c1::Intramedullary::locati…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsEpendymoma (non-myxopapillary) → {{c1…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsHemangioblastoma → {{c1::Intramedullary*::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsDemyelinating lesions → {{c1::Intramedulla…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsVascular lesions → {{c1::Intramedullary::l…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsSyrinx → {{c1::Intramedullary::location}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsMeningioma → {{c1::Intradural Extramedulla…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsSchwannoma → {{c1::Intradural Extramedulla…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsNeurofibroma → {{c1::Intradural Extramedul…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsMyxopapillary ependymoma → {{c1::Intradura…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsParaganglioma → {{c1::Intradural Extramedu…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsSpinal dysraphism → {{c1::Intradural …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsCysts/Webs (epidermoid, dermoid, arachnoid…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsSpinal Cord Herniation → {{c1::Intrad…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsArachnoiditis → {{c1::Intradural Extr…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsGuillain-Barré syndrome → {{c1::Intra…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsChronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneu…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsVertebral/Disc pathology → {{c1::Extr…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsHemangioma → {{c1::Extradural::locati…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsCrystal Deposition Disease → {{c1::Ex…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsPaget Disease → {{c1::Extradural::loc…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntra-medullary vs. Intra-dural Extra-medullary vs. Extra-dural LesionsEpidural mets, hematoma, lipomatosis, absc…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsNeoplastic intramedullary lesions frequently have {{c1::expansile::expansile/non-expansile}} signal changes …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsNon-neoplastic intramedullary lesions frequently have {{c1::non-expansile::expansile/non-expansile}} signal …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsWhich 2 tumors comprise 90% of intramedullary neoplasms?{{c1::Astrocytoma}} and {{c1::Ependymoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsAre astrocytomas and ependymomas reliably differentiated based on imaging features?{{c1::No}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsMost common intramedullary tumor in children → {{c1::Astrocytoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSecond most common intramedullary tumor in adults → {{c1::Astrocytoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Astrocytomas are associated with {{c1::NF1::neurocutaneous syndrome}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsMost spinal astrocytomas are {{c1::low-grade (WHO grade I/II)::grade}}; however, spinal glioblastoma is {{c1::hig…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c2::Astrocytomas::Intramedullary tumor}} have {{c1::ill-defined (infiltrative)::well-/ill-defined}} margins and…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsAstrocytomas will sometimes have {{c1::cystic}} components and/or a {{c2::syrinx}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIs hemorrhage common or uncommon with spinal Astrocytomas? {{c1::Uncommon}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsMost common intramedullary tumor in adults → {{c1::Ependymoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSecond most common intramedullary tumor in children → {{c1::Ependymoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Ependymomas are associated with {{c1::NF2::neurocutaneous syndrome}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsMost spinal ependymomas are {{c1::low-grade (WHO grade II)::grade}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c3::Ependymomas::Intramedullary tumor}} have {{c1::well-defined::well-/ill-defined}} margins and can …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsEpendymomas will often have {{c1::cystic}} components and sometimes a {{c2::syrinx}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCystic components are common in spinal Ependymomas (up to 50%) and are more commonly {{c1::polar/nontum…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIs hemorrhage common or uncommon with spinal Ependymomas? {{c1::Common}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal {{c1::Ependymomas::intramedullary tumor}} commonly have hemorrhage, resulting in the {{c2::hemos…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal {{c1::Hemangioblastomas}} are uncommon, benign (WHO grade I) tumors in adults associated with vo…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Hemangioblastomas are uncommon tumors that are often {{c1::benign (WHO grade I)::grade}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsWhich neurocutaneous syndrome is associated with multiple lesions in the neuraxis (i.e., spinal cord, retina…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal hemangioblastomas are associated with {{c1::VHL::neurocutaneous syndrome}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal {{c3::hemangioblastomas::intramedullary tumor}} are typically {{c1::superficial::depth}} and {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c3::Hemangioblastomas::Intramedullary tumor}} have {{c1::well-defined::well-/ill-defined}} margins an…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal {{c3::Hemangioblastomas::intramedullary tumor}} are typically {{c1::small::relative size}}; howe…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary metastases are more {{c1::rare::common/rare}} compared to primary intramedullary tumors
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary metastases are more {{c1::rare::common/rare}} compared to leptomeningeal or epidural metastases
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary metastases are most commonly from:1. {{c1::Lung}} cancer2. {{c1::Breast}} cancer
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary Metastases usually have {{c1::well-defined::well-/ill-defined}} margins and ar…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary Metastases may present on imaging with {{c1::rim}} sign (peripheral > central enhance…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary Metastases may present on imaging with {{c1::flame}} sign (ill-defined, peripheral trian…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary Metastases often present on imaging with extensive surrounding {{c1::edema}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCystic/necrotic components in Intramedullary Metastases are {{c1::rare::common/rare}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary metastases typically involve a {{c1::short::long/short}} segment of cord
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary metastases are usually {{c1::solitary::solitary/multiple}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Multiple Sclerosis → {{c1::Short (more often)::Short/Long}} segment in…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Transverse Myelitis → {{c1::Long (more often)::Short/Long}} segme…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Hemorrhage → {{c1::Short::Short/Long}} segment involvment
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Acute/Subacute Infection → {{c1::Short::Short/Long}} segment invo…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Chronic Infection → {{c1::Long::Short/Long}} segment involvment&n…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Sarcoidosis → {{c1::Both :)::Short/Long}} segment involvment&nbsp…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Neuromyelitis Optica → {{c1::Long::Short/Long}} segment involvmen…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Cord Infarction → {{c1::Long::Short/Long}} segment involvment&nbs…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Vascular Malformation → {{c1::Long::Short/Long}} segment involvme…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSagittal cord involvement (non-neoplastic):Anti-MOG Associated Myelitis → {{c1::Long::Short/Long}} segment i…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsMultiple Sclerosis: 2017 McDonald criteria for demonstration of dissemination in space: 'PICS'P: {{c1::Periventri…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of Multiple Sclerosis are most commonly located in the {{c1::cervical}} region
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of Multiple Sclerosis appear as focal {{c1::hyper}}-intensity on T{{c1::2}}-weighte…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of Multiple Sclerosis are typically {{c1::short::long/short}}, {{c2::peripherally::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsWhich type of Multiple Sclerosis lesion may enhance and mimic a spinal tumor?{{c1::Active lesions::Active/Inactiv…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsMultiple Sclerosis is often distinguishable from a neoplasm by:- {{c1::absence of cord expansion::cord expansion?…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)}} is an uncommon demyelinating disorder with an acute mono…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsADEM is more common in {{c1::children::children/adults}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsADEM follows an acute {{c1::mono}}-phasic course
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsADEM is an uncommon sequelae of {{c1::viral infection}} or {{c1::vaccination}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of ADEM can be {{c1::multi}}-focal or {{c1::confluent (large)::distribution}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of ADEM are T{{c1::2}} {{c1::hyper}}-intense and {{c2::intra::intra/extra}}-medullarly
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of ADEM often show cord {{c2::swelling::effect}} and {{c1::variable::char…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)}} is an uncommon demyelinating disorder associated with:- {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)}} is associated with serum antibodies against {{c2::aquapori…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of NMOSD are {{c1::longitudinally and transversally::longitudin…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of NMOSD are T{{c1::2}} {{c1::hyper}}-intense (intensity > CSF)
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions in the acute phase of NMOSD show cord {{c2::swelling::effect}}, with {{c1…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions in the post-treatment phase of NMOSD show {{c1::atrophy::characteristic}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of NMOSD are most commonly located in the {{c1::cervicothoracic}} segment
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsOptic nerve lesions of NMOSD are typically extensive (>{{c1::50}}% length), {{c1::bi::uni/…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsOptic nerve lesions of NMOSD are predominantly {{c1::posterior::anterior/posterior}}, extending to the …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsBrain lesions of NMOSD are uncommon and predominantly distributed in the {{c1::periependymal}} areas
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) IgG antibody-associated}} disease overlaps cl…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsAnti-MOG IgG disease is sero-{{c1::negative::positive/negative}} for aquaporin-4 antibodies
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of Anti-MOG IgG disease are {{c1::longitudinally and transversa…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of Anti-MOG IgG disease are T{{c1::2}} {{c1::hyper}}-intense
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of Anti-MOG IgG disease are most commonly located in the {{c1::thoracolum…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsOptic nerve lesions of Anti-MOG IgG disease are typically extensive (>{{c1::50}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsOptic nerve lesions of Anti-MOG IgG disease are predominantly {{c1::anterior::anterior/poster…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsBrain lesions of Anti-MOG IgG disease are rare, but located in the {{c1::deep gray}} matter, {{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Transverse myelitis}} presents as rapidly progressive neurologic dysfunction {{c2::bi::uni/bi}}-l…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsTransverse myelitis may be {{c1::idiopathic/isolated}} or part of another disease
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of Transverse myelitis may show cord {{c1::enlargement::characteristic}} with …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Acute flaccid myelitis}} is a polio-like illness of {{c2::children::children/adults}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsAcute {{c1::flaccid myelitis}} presents with a {{c2::viral}} prodrome followed by rapid-onset {{c2::low…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord lesions of Acute flaccid myelitis on MRI show {{c1::gray::gray/white}} matter T{{c2::2}} {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord Abscess is rare and mostly from {{c1::hematogenous::route of}} infection
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord Abscess initially presents as an ill-defined {{c1::myelitis}} and gradually evolves to a localiz…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord Abscess appear as a T{{c1::2}} {{c1::hyper}}-intense, {{c2::peripherally::centrally/peripherally…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::HIV Vacuolar Myelopathy::intramedullary lesion}} occurs in patients in the late stages of AIDS
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::HIV Vacuolar Myelopathy::intramedullary lesion}} is characterized by {{c2::vacuolation}} in the spinal {{c2…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsHIV Vacuolar Myelopathy on MRI shows {{c2::thoracic (+/- cervical) cord}} atrophy and T{{c3::2}} {{c3::…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsTabes dorsalis on MRI shows longitudinal T{{c1::2}} {{c1::prolongation::shortening/prolongation}} in the {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsIntramedullary {{c1::Neurosarcoidosis}} occurs as a result from infiltration of the {{c2::perivascular …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsNeurosarcoidosis (intramedullary) shows diffuse T{{c1::2}} {{c1::prolongation::shortening/prolongation}} wit…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c3::Neurosarcoidosis}} may have intramedullary involvement, frequently seen with {{c1::diffuse}} or {…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord infarction is most common in the {{c1::upper thoracic}} or {{c1::thoracolumbar}} spine (precarious bl…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsThe predominant blood supply to the distal spinal cord is the {{c1::artery of Adamkiewicz::artery}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsThe artery of Adamkiewicz commonly originates from a branch of the {{c1::intercostal}} or {{c1::lumbar}} art…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCase: Spinal cord infarction after aortic surgeryLeft: symmetric hyperintense foci in {{c2::ventral}} horns …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord infarction clinically presents with loss of:- control of {{c1::bowel/bladder}} function- sensation in…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord infarction on MRI shows {{c1::hyper}}-intensity of the affected cord regions (T{{c1::2…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord infarction on DWI shows {{c1::restricted}} diffusion
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cord infarction may have concomitant {{c1::vertebral body}} infarction, which is more common in {{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCase: High-flow vascular (arteriovenous) malformationLeft: subtle {{c1::flow voids}} dorsal to the thoracic spina…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsWhat is the most common type of spinal vascular malformation?{{c1::Dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c4::dAVF's}} are high-flow vascular malformations characterized angiographically by:- {{c1::radiculomening…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsdAVF's lead to {{c1::venous}} hypertension causing progressive {{c2::congestive myelopathy (Foix-Alajou…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCongestive (Foix-Alajouanine) myelopathy seen in dAVF's typically presents in {{c1::older males::demographic…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsdAVF's on MRI often show a long segment of cord {{c1::edema::characteristic}} +/– mild cord {{c1::expansion:…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsdAVF's on MRI often show surrounding vascular {{c1::flow voids}} representing dilated {{c2::perimedullary}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsdAVF's on CT myelography show {{c1::serpentine::characteristic}} {{c2::intradural::location}} filling defect…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsdAVF's may be occult on CTA and MRA → diagnose with {{c1::catheter angiography}} based on clinical symptoms …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c2::Intramedullary Glomus}} AVM is a spinal high-flow vascular malformation with a {{c1::nidus}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Juvenile/Metameric}} AVM is a spinal high-flow vascular malformations with multiple {{c2::pi…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Pial}} AVM is a spinal high-flow vascular malformations with {{c2::anterior}} or {{c2::…
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Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cavernous malformations (cavernomas) are rare and sometimes associated with {{c1::cerebral}} cavernous mal…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsImaging findings of Spinal cavernous malformations (cavernomas) are {{c1::identical to::identical to/differe…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cavernous malformations (cavernomas) are typically {{c1::small::large/small}} (involving only one vertebra…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal cavernous malformations (cavernomas) are most commonly located in the {{c1::thoracic}} cord, followed by t…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Orange → {{c1::ventral ::ventral/dorsal columns}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Blue → {{c1::dorsal columns ::ventral/dorsal columns}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Pathology (gray) → {{c1::infarct from anterior spinal artery occlusion}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Pathology (gray) → {{c1::infarct from dorsal spinal artery occlusion (ipsilat…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Pathology (gray) → {{c1::Poliomyelitis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Pathology (gray) → {{c1::Multiple Sclerosis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:B12 deficiency (SCD) → {{c1::A::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:HIV → {{c1::A::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Syphilis (tabes dorsalis) → {{c1::A::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Copper Deficiency → {{c1::A::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Nitrous Oxide Toxicity → {{c1::A::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Transverse Myelitis → {{c1::B::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) → {{c1::B::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Multiple Sclerosis → {{c1::B::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSpinal Cord Toxic/Metabolic Lesions:Cord Infarction → {{c1::B::A/B}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCase: Intramedullary Spinal Cord NeoplasmsYellow arrows: intramedullary mass with cord {{c1::expansion::char…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCase: Spinal Cord Inflammatory/Infectious LesionsYellow arrows: multiple T2 hyper-intense lesions in spinal cord …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCase: Spinal Cord Inflammatory/Infectious LesionsYellow arrows: elongated, abnormal intramedullary signal with he…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Subacute combined degeneration (SCD)}} is a myelopathy involving the {{c2::dorsal}} and {{c2::lateral}…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSCD (B12 deficiency) can be secondary to {{c1::malabsorption}} (e.g., pernicious anemia, gastrointestinal su…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSCD (B12 deficiency) can be secondary to {{c1::inadequate intake}} (e.g., strict vegetarian diet)
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSCD (B12 deficiency) can be secondary to {{c1::interfering drugs}} (e.g., nitrous oxide, proton pump in…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSCD (B12 deficiency) shows longitudinal, {{c2::symmetric::symmetric/asymmetric?}} {{c3::hyper…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsSCD (B12 deficiency) lesions involve the {{c1::cervical}} and/or {{c1::thoracic}} spinal cord
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCan lesions of SCD (B12 deficiency) regress after treatment?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsChronically, permanent axonal loss seen in SCD (B12 deficiency) is associated with findings of {{c1::gl…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Radiation Myelitis/Myelopathy}} is a spinal cord {{c2::white::gray/white}} matter injury that develops…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsRadiation Myelitis/Myelopathy on MRI shows longitudinally extensive cord {{c1::hyper}}-intensity (…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Syrinx}} and {{c1::syringohydromyelia}} refer to intra-medullary cystic lesions that may represent {{c2::hy…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c2::Syringomyelia}} is a fluid-filled, gliosis-lined cavity within the spinal cord parenchyma that {{c1::does n…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Hydromyelia}} is dilatation of the ependymal cell-lined {{c2::central canal}} (>{{c2::2}} mm)
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsWhat is the most common congenital cause of Syrinx (syringohydromyelia)?{{c1::Chiari malformations (more often Ch…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsOther congenital causes of Syrinx (syringohydromyelia) include spinal {{c1::dysraphisms}} and {{c2::Kli…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsAcquired causes of Syrinx (syringohydromyelia) include {{c1::hydrocephalus}}, post-{{c2::infectious}}, …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary Lesions{{c1::Compressive myelopathy}} refers to neurological deficits related to spinal cord {{c2::compression}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsWhat is the most common cause of Compressive myelopathy?{{c1::cervical spine spondylosis (degenerative disease)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCompressive myelopathy may also be caused by {{c1::extradural}} masses
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsCompressive myelopathy on MRI shows T{{c1::2}} {{c1::prolongation::shortening/prolongation}} within the {{c2::com…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsWhich imaging modality is useful to evaluate severity of traumatic spinal cord injury and provide prognosis …
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsTraumatic spinal cord injury can manifest as {{c1::concussion}} (normal MRI appearance)
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsTraumatic spinal cord injury can manifest as {{c1::cord edema}}, characterized by abnormal cord T{…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsTraumatic spinal cord injury can manifest as {{c1::hemorrhagic contusion}}, characterized by a sma…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsTraumatic spinal cord injury can manifest as {{c1::cord hematoma}}, characterized by a larger (&gt…
Published	05/01/2023	Spine Imaging: Intramedullary LesionsWhat imaging finding seen in Traumatic spinal cord injury confers the poorest prognosis?{{c1::Cord hematoma}}
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