Notes in FWGAB Joe

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	12/21/2023	Mumps cause an increase in {{c1::amylase}} enzyme levels due to {{c1::parotitis}}
Published	12/21/2023	HSV-1 is the most common cause of viral {{c1::encephalitis}}
Published	12/21/2023	The presence of {{c1::proteinuria}}, {{c1::Acute renal failure}}, and {{c1::transaminitis}} supports a leptospirosis dx.
Published	12/21/2023	Epidural hematoma has {{c1::Cushing’s triad}} (this also present in other intracranial hemorrhage), and has a {{c1::CN III}} palsy (Down & out iri…
Published	12/21/2023	Meningeal scarring post meningitis can cause {{c1::decreased}} CSF absorption by arachnoid villi resulting in {{c1::hydrocephalus}}.
Published	12/21/2023	In Parkinson’s Disease there is degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta that project to the {{c1::striatum}} post s…
Published	12/21/2023	Amantadine increases dopamine by {{c1::inhibiting dopamine reuptake.}}
Published	12/21/2023	Meningiomas can arise from {{c1::optic nerve sheath}}.
Published	12/21/2023	Astrocytes are a subtype of CNS cells whose normal function is to provide {{c1::rigidity}} and {{c1::support}} by forming a network of cytop…
Published	12/21/2023	In ALS, cortical UMNs degenerate leading to {{c1::Wallerian}} degeneration of UMN pathways (LCST)
Published	12/21/2023	PML from JC is a {{c1::nonenhancing}} white matter lesion on {{c2::T2}} MRI ({{c1::hyper-intensity}} on {{c2::fluid-attenuated inversion recovery}} MR…
Published	12/21/2023	{{c1::Propanol}} is a migraine medication that can mask the hypoglycemia SNS response of tachycardia.
Published	12/21/2023	HIV encephalitis is caused by infection of {{c1::microglia}} in the brain
Published	12/21/2023	Metachromatic leukodystrophy shows {{c1::metachromasia}} (vacuolization of cytoplasm in macrophages) after staining with {{c1::toluidine blue}}
Published	12/21/2023	Crohn disease effects the {{c1::ileum}}, where {{c1::B12}} is usually absorbed.
Published	12/21/2023	{{c1::Inclusion body}} myositis presents with weakness of {{c2::quadricep}} and {{c2::distal finger}} flexor muscles. Muscle biopsy shows rimmed vacuo…
Published	12/21/2023	HIV infection in a young child presents with recurrent {{c1::oral candidiasis}}, {{c2::failure to thrive}}, {{c1::developmental}} delay, and diffuse {…
Published	12/21/2023	Early on in an acute HIV infection, {{c1::nucleic acid}} tests must be used to detect viral RNA before {{c1::seroconversion}} occurs. ELISA is gold st…
Published	12/21/2023	A single ring-enhancing lesion with an {{c1::angiocentric}} pattern of {{c2::CD20}}+ cells is characteristic of a {{c1::primary CNS lymphoma}} by…
Published	12/21/2023	Severe CMV retinitis can manifest as {{c1::retinal detachment}}
Published	12/21/2023	{{c1::Hyper-IgM}} Syndrome will have recurrent URI/LRI, chronic diarrhea, and other infections like CMV. Mostly due to a defect in CD40L on T-helper c…
Published	12/21/2023	Kaposi sarcoma can present with {{c1::melena}} due to lesions in the {{c2::GI}} tract. (can effect lungs and biliary tree too)
Published	12/21/2023	Serotonin syndrome is most often a complication of combining {{c1::SSRIs}} and {{c1::MAO}} inhibitors. Remember to stop SSRIs or TCAs {{c1::2}} weeks …
Published	12/21/2023	Lithium can cause {{c1::hypothyroidism}}, and {{c1::CKD}} so those taking it should monitor TSH, serum creatine, and serum calcium levels.
Published	12/21/2023	Atypical antipsychotics block {{c1::dopamine}} AND {{c1::5-HT}} receptors
Published	12/21/2023	Unilateral myoclonic jerking followed by full tonic-clonic jerking in bilateral limbs with impaired awareness is known as {{c1::partial complex seizur…
Published	12/21/2023	The treatment choice for acute dystonic reactions is {{c1::benztropine}} or {{c1::diphenhydramine}}.
Published	12/21/2023	PCP intoxication is strongly suggest by aggression, HTN, Tachycardia, mild {{c1::fever}}, horizontal nystagmus, and {{c1::hyperacusis}} (sensitivity t…
Published	12/21/2023	{{c1::Automatisms}} are classic for partial complex seizures as there are stereotypical repetitive movements (often lip smacking).
Published	12/21/2023	1st line therapy for ADHD is psychostimulants like {{c1::methylphenidate}} and {{c1::dextroamphetamine}} with CBT.
Published	12/21/2023	Methylphenidate (and stimulants) are associated with N/V, insomnia, {{c1::decreased}} appetite, weight {{c1::loss}}, HA, dizziness, and visual disturb…
Published	12/14/2023	ADHD: Males display {{c1::hyperactivity}} and females display {{c1::inattentiveness}}.
Published	12/14/2023	Diabetic peripheral neuropathy on histology will show axonal neuropathy with {{c1::segmental}} demyelination
Published	12/14/2023	{{c1::Dermatomyositis}} has antibodies and complement-mediated injury to the microvasculature resulting in {{c1::perifascicular}} myofiber atrophy.&nb…
Published	12/14/2023	Type {{c1::II}} muscle fiber atrophy can occur with glucocorticoid excess (Cushing Syndrome) and after prolonged immobilization.
Published	12/14/2023	{{c1::Nemaline rod myopathy}} is a congenital myopathy that may present in infancy or childhood that can be slowly progressive or non-progressive.&nbs…
Published	12/14/2023	Nemaline rod myopathy shows {{c1::subsarcolemmal}} aggregates of rod-shaped intracytoplasmic inclusions on microscopy.
Published	12/15/2023	{{c1::Pneumococcal menigitis}} can lead to communicating hydrocephalus down the road because it involves the vertex where the {{c1::arachnoid granulat…
Published	12/15/2023	Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause {{c1::herniations}} that press on the pons causing {{c1::Duret hemorrhages}}.
Published	12/15/2023	{{c1::Syringomyelia}} can occur after head and neck trauma in a MVA, whcih will show up as a transverse slit-like cavity extending over vertebral leve…
Published	12/15/2023	When a moving head strikes a stationary object, the force is transmitted to the {{c1::opposite}} side of the head ("contrecoup"), but when a movi…
Published	12/15/2023	It takes weeks to months for {{c1::macrophages}} to clear debris from liquefactive necrosis.
Published	12/15/2023	Hypertensive hemorrhages are most likely to arise in the {{c1::basal ganglia}} (shown in the figure), thalamus, cerebral white matter, pons, or ce…
Published	12/15/2023	A 72 yr old man has had poorly controlled HTN for 20 years. Over the past day he has had a severe headache with nausea, followed by confusion then con…
Published	12/15/2023	A patient with a step-wise decline of cognitive function over a few year period with a PMHx of Diabetes with occasional LOC or confusion along iwth mi…
Published	12/15/2023	{{c1::Arteriovenous (vascular)}} malformations most often occur in the cerebral hemisphere of a young adult and can often be completely resected w…
Published	12/15/2023	{{c1::Acute otitis media}} may be complicated by spread of the infection to the mastoid air cells, and then to skull bone, and then to the epidura…
Published	12/15/2023	HIV-1 produces an encephalitis characterized by a collection of reactive microglial cells A.K.A {{c1::microglial nodules}}
Published	12/15/2023	{{c1::Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}} is an immunologically mediated {{c2::demyelinating}} disease that has some features similar to multip…
Published	12/15/2023	Sparing of {{c1::subcortical}} myelin (U fiber) is often seen in {{c2::leukodystrophies}}.
Published	12/15/2023	Tay-sachs disease affects {{c1::infants}}
Published	12/15/2023	{{c1::Liver}} failure with hepatic encephalopathy can occur in severe liver disease from various causes, including commonly chronic alcoholis, and…
Published	12/15/2023	The {{c1::myxopapillary}} variant of ependymoma is more common in {{c2::adults}} than in {{2::children}}
Published	12/15/2023	Ependymomas can occur in children, but they typically arise in the {{c1::ventricles}}.
Published	12/15/2023	{{c1::Hemangioblastomas}} are part of the spectrum of neoplasms seen in association with von Hippel–Lindau dis- ease
Published	12/16/2023	{{c1::Polymicrogyria}} is a congenital disorder in which the surface of the brain exhibits an excessive number of small, irregularly sized, random…
Published	12/16/2023	The hallmark of Friedreich ataxia is a combined {{c1::ataxia}} of both the upper and lower limbs
Published	12/16/2023	End-stage lesions of MS feature {{c1::astrogliosis}}, thick-walled blood vessels, moderate perivascular inflammation, and a secondary loss of axon…
Published	12/16/2023	Consciousness is a positive neurologic activity that depends on the function of specific neurons, especially in the {{c1::brainstem reticular form…
Published	12/16/2023	Astrocytes proliferate locally in response to injuries in a process called {{c1::astrocytosis}}or {{c1::gliosis}}.
Published	12/16/2023	{{c1::Hypertension}} compromises the integrity of cerebral arterioles by causing the deposition of lipid in, and {{c2::hyalinization}} of, the art…
Published	12/16/2023	The classic hallmark of most CNS viral infections is the presence of {{c1::perivascular}} lymphocytes around arteries and arterioles.
Published	12/16/2023	Berry aneurysms are the consequence of arterial defects that are presumed to arise during {{c1::embryogenesis}}
Published	12/16/2023	Release of neurotoxic cytokines from {{c1::macrophages}} causes damage to astrocytes and neurons in HIV patients, due to the {{c1::macrophages…
Published	12/16/2023	Because the trifurcation of the {{c1::middle}} cerebral artery is a site of a major stepdown in vascular caliber, it is the predominant site occlu…
Published	12/16/2023	{{c1::Hepatic}} encephalopathy is a common clinical expression of liver failure, manifested as delirium, seizures, and coma. In general, the cl…
Published	12/16/2023	{{c1::Craniopharyngiomas}} are solid and cystic lesions located above the sella turcica that arise from the epithelium of {{c1::Rathke}} pouch. Th…
Published	12/16/2023	Lack of coordination and tremor (extrapyramidal neurologic symptoms) are related to degenerative changes in the {{c1::corpus striatum}}.
Published	12/16/2023	What is this? ({{c1::will have answer in lecture notes}}?)
Published	12/16/2023	The internal carotid artery supplies blood to both the {{c1::anterior}} cerebral artery and the {{c1::middle}} cerebral artery.
Published	12/16/2023	PICA supplies blood to the {{c1::dorsolateral}} quadrant of the medulla, including the nucleus ambiguus and the {{c1::inferior}} surface of the cer…
Published	12/16/2023	M-Tropic HIV isolate just means it binds to CD4 and favors {{c1::macrophages}}
Published	12/16/2023	A productive HIV infection occurs in activated cells that are infected because they express {{c1::transcription factors}} and {{c1::polymera…
Published	12/16/2023	Benzodiazepines {{c1::decrease}} REM sleep
Published	12/16/2023	Crack cocaine became an issue due to the fact that reinforcement is greater with {{c1::inhalation}} than {{c1::insufflation}}.
Published	12/16/2023	{{c1::Flumazenil}} has the longest elimination half life
Published	12/16/2023	{{c1::Alprazolam}} is benzo that lacks sedation
Published	12/16/2023	Patients develop clinically significant tolerance to the {{c1::sedation}} effects more quickly than the {{c1::anxiolytic}} effects of chroni…
Published	12/16/2023	Lithium is an inhibiotr of {{c1::inositol monophosphatase}} and this results in depletion of brain inositol.
Published	12/16/2023	Cardiac arrhythmias are causes following initial dose of L-DOPA sometimes due to {{c1::beta-adrenergic}} receptor stimulation
Published	12/16/2023	For mild migraines, taking {{c1::metoclopramide}} before NSAIDs will enhance their {{c2::absorption}}
Published	12/16/2023	Levodopa can precipate an acute attack of {{c1::glaucoma}} via causing mydriasis
Published	12/21/2023	{{c1::gene}} sequencing can detect mutations within a single gene, such a {{c2::point}} mutations. However, it CANNOT detect whole gene {{c2::del…
Published	12/21/2023	{{c1::Hantavirus}} geographically common in New Mexico, Arizona, California, Washington, Colorado, Montana, and Texas.
Published	12/21/2023	Focal {{c2::dystonia}} will show muscle fiber {{c1::hypertrophy}} on histology due to repetitive stimulation.
Published	12/22/2023	Mycoplasma Pneumoniae binds oligosaccarides on respiratory epithelium known as {{c1::I-Antigen}}, which causes Cross-reacting antibodies called {…
Published	12/22/2023	The symptoms and AIHA of mycoplasma pneumoniae are resolved when treated with azithromycin because of a {{c1::fading immune response}} …
Published	12/22/2023	High levels of prolactin can caused decreased levels of {{c1::GnRH}} resulting in hypogonadism, and decreased estrogen levels. As such, the decre…
Published	12/22/2023	{{c1::hyperprolactinemia}} suppresses GnRH which leads to decreased {{c2::estrogen}} in women, which is a risk factor for accelerated bone loss.&…
Published	12/22/2023	Bullimia nervosa on exam can show tachycardia, electrolyte abnormalities, hypotension, dental erosion, and an elevated {{c1::amylase}} level due …
Published	12/22/2023	Recurrent skin infections with E. Coli in an otherwise healthy individual can be suggestive for {{c1::factitious}} disorder.
Published	12/24/2023	In duodenal atresia, the most likely cause is a {{c1::recanalization failure}}, where as a midgut (jejunem/ileum) is most likely caused by a&nbsp…
Published	12/30/2023	{{c1::Regressional analysis}} is used to describe the association between 1 or more {{c2::independent variables}} and 1 {{c2::quantitative}}…
Published	12/30/2023	Neurons and neuronal tumors stain positive on immunochemistry for {{c1::synaptophysin}}, {{c1::chromogranin}}, and {{c1::Neurofilament}…
Published	12/30/2023	{{c1::cherry}} hemangiomas {{c2::do not}} regress and {{c2::increase}} with age.
Published	12/30/2023	{{c1::cherry hemangiomas/angiomas}} are the most common benign vascular tumors in adults that appear typically in the 3rd and 4th decade of life.&nbsp…
Published	12/30/2023	In restrictive lung diseases, there is supernormal expiratory flow rates because of {{c1::radial traction}} on airway walls due to fibrosis.
Published	01/06/2024	The slow inward {{c1::calcium}} current within the AV node {{c2::decreases}} the transmission rate of rapid impulses transmitted by the atrial myocard…
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Published	01/16/2024	Color variation of Melanoma- Red = {{c2::local inflammation}} and {{c2::vessel dilation}}- Brown/black = {{c1::neoplastic melanocytes}}…
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Published	01/16/2024	In Benign Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia there is:- {{c1::increased}} bilirubin production due to hemolysis- {{c1::decreased}} b…
Published	01/16/2024	The combination of anosognosia (unawareness of one's condition) and confabulations (filling in gaps of info with unintentional lie…
Published	01/16/2024	prone positioning may be used to improve arterial oxygentation in severe ARDS because it {{c1::improves ventilation-perfusion}} matching but redu…
Published	01/19/2024	{{c2::Wilson}} disease is caused by a defective copper transport within hepatocytes, which leads to impaired {{c1::biliary excretion}} of copper
Published	01/19/2024	In Wilson disease the accumulation of hepatocellular copper results in oxidative stress and apoptosis, which allows copper to deposit in extrahepatic …
Published	01/19/2024	Lactase deficiency results in the fermentation of undigested lactose by gut bacteria, leading to increased production of short-chain fatty acids that&…
Published	01/19/2024	In oral rehydration therapy, a solution with dextrose and Na+ is a good option because dextrose with {{c1::enhance sodium reabsorption}} and…
Published	01/19/2024	{{c1::Citrate}} in oral rehydration solutions is converted to bicarbonate in the liver and provides a buffering capacity for the {{c2::metabolic …
Published	01/19/2024	Strongyloides stercoralis infection involves {{c1::filariform}} (infective) larvae penetrating the skin, traveling to the lungs, and being swallowed; …
Published	01/20/2024	Schistosomiasis can cause cirrhosis, and from there develop {{c1::esophageal varices}} that cause hematemesis.
Published	01/20/2024	{{c1::Dyssynergic defecation}} is usually considered a functional disorder and occurs more commonly in elderly, but also can occur with certain neurol…
Published	01/20/2024	Hepatocellular ademonas on microscopy will show cells that are {{c1::larger}} than normal hepatocytes and have {{c1::small, regular}} nuclei…
Published	01/20/2024	Pyloric stenosis is due to {{c1::smooth muscle}} overgrowth
Published	01/20/2024	Right sided colon cancers are in the {{c1::ascending}} colon, and likely to cause {{c1::iron deficiency}} anemia from bleeding, which is not…
Published	01/20/2024	Chronic pancreatitis will have decreased {{c1::fecal elastase}}
Published	01/20/2024	A number of changes occur with aging that can affect drug metabolism, such as {{c1::decreased}} liver mass and blood flow, {{c1::decreased}}…
Published	01/20/2024	Portal hypertension produces splenomegaly by causing congestion of blood within the spleen, which produces {{c1::expansion of red pulp}}
Published	01/20/2024	Acute management of variceal hemorrhage requires rapid lowering of portal pressure, which can be accomplished with {{c1::somatostatin}} or {{c1::…
Published	01/20/2024	Sliding hiatal hernias occur due to {{c1::circumferential laxity}} of the phrenoesophageal membrane,
Published	01/20/2024	Fibrate medications decreased acitivty of {{c1::7a-hydroxylase}}, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of bile acids.
Published	01/21/2024	{{c2::Rifaximin}} decreased the intraluminal {{c1::ammonia}} production.
Published	01/21/2024	An  {{c1::elevated}} MCV due to folate deficiency with AST> ALT levels is indicative of Alcohol related pancreatitis.
Published	01/21/2024	Pregnant women often develop {{c1::GERD}} due to elevated levels of {{c2::estrogen}} and {{c2::progesterone}}, because they relax the&n…
Published	01/21/2024	In malabsorption, fats are typically the earliest andd most severely affected nutrient so using a qualitative assay of stool with {{c1::Sudan III…
Published	01/21/2024	In pregnant women, {{c1::progesteron}} has been shown to cause {{c1::constipation}}, which has been shown to reduce colonic smooth musc…
Published	01/21/2024	Meckel diverticulum has {{c1::ectopic}} tissue pahtological change associated with it is mispalced but functionally normal tissue.
Published	01/21/2024	Longitudinal mucosal tears at the esophageal-squamocolumnar junction describes {{c1::Mallory-Weis}} syndrome.
Published	01/21/2024	Mallory-Weis will produce tears 2/2 rapid increase of {{c1::intraabdominal}} and {{c1::intraluminal gastric}} pressure during retching and v…
Published	01/21/2024	Failure to {{c1::visualize}} the gallbladder on radionuclide biliary scan can be diagnostic for {{c2::acute cholecystitis}}.
Published	01/21/2024	Stimulation of the {{c1::cecal}} nerve endings in appendicitis are what cause the vague pain to refer to the umbilicus region at T10 level.
Published	01/21/2024	{{c1::spironolactone}} is used to induce natriuresis and resolve ascites without blocking the critical vascoconstrictive effects of angiotensin becaus…
Published	01/21/2024	Acute {{c1::cholangitis}} typically develops in the setting of biliary obstruction.
Published	01/21/2024	Celiac disease is a risk factor for {{c1::T-cell lympoma}} and {{c1::small-intestine (not COLON)}} adenocarcinoma
Published	01/21/2024	{{c1::Hyperammonemia}} decreases the amount of glutamine avaiable for conversion to glutamate in neurons and causes disruption in excitatory transmiss…
Published	01/21/2024	A patient has vitamin B12 deficiency and is supplemented with it. The blue line in the image represents {{c1::reticulocyte count}}
Published	01/23/2024	Necrotizing enterocolitis can be seen with {{c1::curvilinear}} areas of lucency that parallel the lumen on X-ray
Published	01/23/2024	Most {{c2::MALT}} lymphomas are thought to arise from {{c1::chronic immune stimulation}} from bacterial, viral, or autoimmune conditions.
Published	01/23/2024	{{c1::GI}} bleeding can cause hepatic encephalopathy due to increased nitrogen delivery to the gut where ammonia is made and absorbed back into the gu…
Published	01/23/2024	Serum {{c1::albumin}} levels, {{c1::Bilirubin}} levels, and {{c1::Prothrombin}} time are reflective of live function and greatest {{c2::prog…
Published	01/25/2024	Secretin is secreted by duodenal S-cells and it increase {{c1::bicarb}} secretion and decreases {{c1::Cl-}} proportionally to the concentrat…
Published	01/25/2024	A common complication of scleroderma is {{c1::small intestinal bowel overgrowth}}, which can cause bloating and diarrhea due to maldigestion in t…
Published	01/25/2024	Diabetic diarrhea is a result of longstanding hyperglycemia which damages the {{c1::ANS}}, resulting in: Altered {{c2:intestinal motility}}I…
Published	01/25/2024	A blunt traumatic event like an MVC with the seatbelt pressing against the abdomen or steering wheel can cause retroperitoneal hematomas from injury t…
Published	01/29/2024	{{c1::Decidualization}} is histologically described as dilated, coiled endometrial glands, edematous stroma with no products of conceptions (villi).&n…
Published	01/29/2024	Horseshoe kidneys develop from a fusion of {{c1::metanephros}} in utero.
Published	01/29/2024	When the cells in an individual with Fragile X syndrome are cultured in a folate-deficient medium, the area of increased repeats {{c1::does not::…
Published	01/29/2024	EBV stimulates B cells to enter the cell cycle and proliferate continuously, termed transformation or {{c1::immortalization}}, this allowing them…
Published	01/29/2024	{{c2::Vasopressin/desmopressin}} activates {{c1::urea}} transporters in the medullary collecting duct, {{c1::increasing}} urea reabsorption and&n…
Published	01/29/2024	Patients with pericarditis associated with {{c1::pericardial}} effusion have a {{c2::water canteen}} look on C-Xray.
Published	01/29/2024	{{c1::Neuromas}} are the formation of disorganized mass of axonal processes, Schwann cells, vascular hyalinization, and fibrosis that occurs when axon…
Published	01/29/2024	Chronic axonal injury or inflammation (neuromas) induces increased expression of voltage-gated {{c1::sodium}} channels, which can increased {{c1:…
Published	01/29/2024	{{c1::1/8}}
Published	01/29/2024	All {{c1::adolescent}} visits should include an opportunity to interview the patient alone to discuss topics such as drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and…
Published	01/29/2024	Wernicke encephalopathy causes a deficiency thiamine deficiency, which is a cofactor for (BAPT): {{c1::Pyruvate dehydrogenase}} {{c1::Alpha-…
Published	01/29/2024	{{c1::osteosarcoma}} forms when mesenchymal stem cells develop mutations in {{c2::RB1}} or {{c2::TP53}}
Published	01/29/2024	Large {{c1::veins}} are predominantly affected by nitrates as it helps decrease {{c2::preload}}
Published	01/29/2024	Secondary {{c1::hypogonadism}} is common in pateints with a pituitary mass
Published	01/29/2024	Digoxin slows AV node conduction via increased {{c1::parasympathetic}} tone, which is effective at rest cause {{c1::sympathetic}} tone is lo…
Published	01/29/2024	Digoxin poorly controls ventricular rate during {{c1::exercise}}
Published	01/29/2024	{{c1::Glucagon}} is used to reverse {{c2::Beta-blocker}} overdose because it can act on GPCR, increasing cAMP and intracellular Ca2+
Published	01/29/2024	An MI can cause ischemia to the {{c1::papillary}} muscles resulting in hypokinesis, and outward displacement of them, creating a systolic murmur …
Published	02/04/2024	Any treatment that prolongs survival time, but does not cure the disease will {{c1::increase}} the prevalence, but {{c2::not change}} the incidence.
Published	02/04/2024	{{c1::Hypertrophic}} cardiomyopathy has a {{c2::S4}} murmur.
Published	02/04/2024	{{c1::dilated}} cardiomyopathy causes a {{c2::S3}} murmur.
Published	02/04/2024	The leukemoid reaction will show {{c1::Dohle}} bodies, which are blue cytoplasmic inclusions of RER
Published	02/04/2024	Stimulation of {{c1::Beta 3}} receptors helps relax the bladder in urgency incontinence.
Published	02/04/2024	renal infarction presents with {{c1::flank}} pain, {{c1::hematuria}}, elevated {{c1::LDH}}, and a {{c1::wedge}}-shaped kidney on CT.
Published	02/04/2024	{{c1::cocaine}} withdrawal can cause acute depression accompanied by insomnia, hypersomnia, hyperphagia, and vivid dreams.
Published	02/04/2024	{{c1::Clonidine}} is an alpha-2 central agonist causing a decrease in {{c2::presynaptic}} release norepinephrine and a decrease in {{c2::sym…
Published	02/04/2024	Traumatic injury to the eye can cause a release of {{c1::previous sequestered antigens}} that T cells recognize as foreign.
Published	02/04/2024	{{c1::Empyema}} most commonly results from {{c2::bacterial translocation}} from the alveoli into the pleural space.
Published	02/04/2024	Radiation injury to lungs can cause alveolar {{c1::hyaline}} membranes (acute) and {{c1::fibrosis}} (Chronic)
Published	02/04/2024	Cyclophosphamide can cause damage to DNA, and as such increases the risk for a {{c1::secondary}} malignancy.
Published	02/04/2024	{{c1::Chemotherapy}}-associated neutropenic fever is most often caused by {{c2::endogenous}} commensal bacteria that have translocated acrosss damaged…
Published	02/04/2024	During times of starvation, {{c1::hormone sensitive lipase}} breaks down stored TGs into FFAs and glycerol for hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketone body…
Published	02/05/2024	Overuse of {{c1::calcium carbonate}} can cause {{c2::milk-alkali}} syndrome characterized by hypercalcemia (depression, constipation, weakness, fatigu…
Published	02/05/2024	H. Pylori via {{c1::neutralization}} of acidic environment in the stomach via urease.
Published	02/05/2024	{{c1::Fatty}} malabsorption such as IBD can cause {{c2::calcium oxalate}} kidney stones.
Published	02/05/2024	C. difficle cytotoxin (toxin B), induces {{c1::apoptosis}} in colonic mucosal cells
Published	02/05/2024	The characteristic histopathologic finding of {{c1::diverticulosis}} is focal areas of weakness in the muscularis propria.
Published	02/05/2024	{{c1::Globus}} sensation is the sensation of a lump in the throat brought on by intense stress.
Published	02/06/2024	Cutaneous phase of {{c1::strongyloidiasis}}: swelling, erythema, maculopapular rash, and serpiginous lesions or urticarial&nb…
Published	02/06/2024	Giardia causes small bowel {{c1::villous}} atrophy
Published	02/06/2024	Hepatitis E is associated with hepatic tissue {{c1::necrosis}}
Published	02/06/2024	Hemochromatosis may cause iron deposition within the pituitary leading to {{c1::hypopituitarism}} causing low {{c2::gonadotropin}} and {{c2::test…
Published	02/07/2024	Endometriosis is associated with endometriomas, {{c1::chocolate:blood-filled cysts}} cysts.
Published	02/07/2024	{{c1::Chemotherapy}} is a common cause of premature ovarian failure.
Published	02/07/2024	{{c1::Endometritis}} is an endometrium infection, which is the mucusal lining of the uterus.
Published	02/12/2024	Horner syndrone can cause ipsilateral miosis, which causes {{c1::anisocoria}} that increases in dim light.
Published	02/12/2024	A characteristic feature of achondroplasia is inhibited {{c1::chrondrocyte}} proliferation due to FGFR3 gene mutation.
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