Notes in Chapter 8

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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Intraosseous (IO) needle}} placement is the most common contingency method of emergency vascular access in children.
Published	11/02/2024	In sick neonates, umbilical vessels are frequently cannulated but can be used for only a finite period (maximum of {{c1::5 days}} for an umbilical art…
Published	11/02/2024	the six conventional sites of central venous access—{{c1::bilateral internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral veins}}
Published	11/02/2024	Complications that are common to all types of VADs are:1. {{c1::extravasation of infusate}}2. {{c2::hemorrhage}} 3. {{c3::phlebitis}}4. {{c4::septicem…
Published	11/02/2024	PIV access is usually achieved by using the veins:{{c1::on the dorsum of the hand, forearm, dorsum of the foot, medial aspect of the ankle, and the sc…
Published	11/02/2024	The location of the {{c1::distal long saphenous vein}} ({{c1::anterior to the medial malleolus}}) is fairly constant and is frequently palpable, makin…
Published	11/02/2024	Several techniques have been shown to be beneficial in cannulating a peripheral vein, including {{c1::warming the extremity}}, {{c2::transillumination…
Published	11/02/2024	What are 2 imaging methods to insert a guided PIV?1. {{c1::US}}2. {{c2:: Near Infrared imaging }}
Published	11/02/2024	To minimize infectious complications, the UVCs are usually removed after a maximum of {{c1::14}} days
Published	11/02/2024	A small vertical skin incision is made above or below {{c1::the umbilical stump}} to access the {{c2::umbilical vein or artery}}, respectively
Published	11/02/2024	The tip of the UVC should be positioned at the junction of {{c1::the inferior vena cava (IVC)}} and {{c1::the right atrium (RA)}}
Published	11/02/2024	On the chest radiograph, the tip of the UVC should be at or above the level of {{c1::the diaphragm}}
Published	11/02/2024	The umbilical artery catheter at the level of {{c1::the seventh thoracic vertebral body}} (yellow arrow) and the umbilical venous catheter (red arrow)…
Published	11/02/2024	UACs are associated with:1. {{c1::aortic injuries}}2. {{c2::thromboembolism of the aortic branches}}3. {{c3::aneurysms of the iliac artery and/or the …
Published	11/02/2024	The tip of the PICC should be placed at the {{c1::superior vena cava (SVC)/RA}} junction or t{{c1::he IVC/RA}} junction
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2595:top=.4715:width=.7164:height=.3485:oi=1}}
Published	11/02/2024	Nontunneled CVCs are used for {{c1::short- and medium-term}} indications, whereas surgically placed tunneled CVCs are used for {{c1::medium- and long-…
Published	11/02/2024	In premature neonates, if PICC placement is not successful, {{c1::tunneled}} CVCs are preferentially used because of {{c2::their smaller size and dura…
Published	11/02/2024	The central veins accessed for placement of CVCs are the bilateral {{c1::internal jugular veins}}, {{c1::subclavian veins}}, and {{c1::femoral veins}}
Published	11/02/2024	What is the teschnique used for CVC and PICC line insertion?{{c1::Seldinger technique}}
Published	11/02/2024	The tip of a CVC placed in the lower body should be positioned at the junction of the {{c1::IVC and RA}}
Published	11/02/2024	Broviac and Hickman catheters have a Dacron cuff that promotes tissue ingrowth, resulting in {{c1::anchoring of the catheter within the subcutaneous t…
Published	11/02/2024	Compare between placing the Dacron cuff at the exit site vs midway between venotomy site and exit siteThe cuff can be placed close to the exit site of…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Ethanol lock}}, in addition to {{c1::antibiotic therapy}}, has been shown to be beneficial in salvaging CVCs that become infected
Published	11/02/2024	Complications that are unique to a port include:{{c1::inability to access the port}}{{c2::disconnection of the catheter from the reservoir with extrav…
Published	11/02/2024	What are the common sites of IO placement?{{c1::The proximal tibia is the most common site, followed by the distal femur.}}
Published	11/02/2024	Contraindications to IO placement include {{c1::injury or suspected injury to the bone or soft tissue overlying the placement site}}
Published	11/02/2024	What is the vessel of choice for Venous cutdown?{{c1::The vessel of choice is the long saphenous vein near the medial malleolus.}}
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