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Published	12/13/2024	Giant cell (temporal) arteritis is a form of {{c1::large}}-vessel vasculitis
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Giant cell (temporal)}} arteritis is a granulomatous vasculitis that classically involves branches of the {{c1::carotid}} artery
Published	12/13/2024	What significant laboratory finding is associated with Wegener granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)?{{c1::Positive c-ANCA}}
Published	12/13/2024	What significant laboratory finding is associated with microscopic polyangiitis?{{c1::Positive p-ANCA}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)}}, a small-vessel vasculitis, commonly presents with asymmetric multifocal neuropa…
Published	12/13/2024	Secondary hypertension may be caused by primary {{c1::hyper}}-aldosteronism
Published	12/13/2024	Hypertensive {{c1::urgency}} is defined as severe hypertension (>180 / >120 mmHg) without acute end-organ damage
Published	12/13/2024	Hypertensive {{c1::emergency}} is defined as severe hypertension (>180 / >120 mmHg) with acute end-organ damage
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Atherosclerosis}} is a form of arteriosclerosis that damages large- and medium-sized vessels due to buildup of cholesterol plaques
Published	12/13/2024	Which part of the blood vessel wall is affected by atherosclerosis? {{c1::Intima}}
Published	12/13/2024	Atherosclerosis is caused by a buildup of intimal {{c1::plaques}} that obstruct blood flow
Published	12/13/2024	The intimal plaque that causes atherosclerosis consists of a necrotic lipid core (mostly {{c1::cholesterol}}) with a(n) {{c2::fibromuscular}} cap
Published	12/13/2024	What four arteries are most commonly affected by atherosclerosis? {{c1::Lower abdominal aorta}} > {{c2::coronary}} > {{c3::popliteal}} > {{c4…
Published	12/13/2024	What are the four modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?{{c1::Hypertension}}, {{c1::hypercholesterolemia (LDL)}}, {{c2::smoking}}, {{c2::di…
Published	12/13/2024	What are the three non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis? {{c1::Age}}, {{c1::gender}}, {{c1::genetics}}
Published	12/13/2024	One complication of atherosclerosis is {{c1::angina}}, which may result from stenosis of the coronary artery
Published	12/13/2024	One complication of atherosclerosis is {{c1::chronic mesenteric ischemia}}, which may result from stenosis of the mesenteric artery
Published	12/13/2024	One complication of atherosclerosis is {{c1::myocardial infarction}}, which may result from plaque rupture with {{c2::thrombosis}} of the coronary art…
Published	12/13/2024	One complication of atherosclerosis is {{c1::stroke}}, which may result from plaque rupture with thrombosis of the middle cerebral artery
Published	12/13/2024	Plaque rupture from atherosclerosis may result in atherosclerotic {{c1::emboli}}, which are characterized by {{c2::cholesterol clefts}}
Published	12/13/2024	Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis has an '{{c1::onion-skin}}' appearance on histology
Published	12/13/2024	Risk of atherosclerosis is increased in men and {{c1::postmenopausal}} women
Published	12/13/2024	Aortic dissection may present with sudden sharp, tearing {{c1::chest}} pain that radiates to the {{c1::back}}
Published	12/13/2024	Aortic dissection may lead to obstruction of branching arteries, thus causing end-organ {{c1::ischemia}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Stanford type A (proximal)}} aortic dissection involves the ascending aorta
Published	12/13/2024	Traumatic aortic rupture (due to trauma and/or deceleration injury) most commonly occurs at the {{c1::aortic isthmus}}
Published	12/13/2024	Stable angina is often relieved by {{c1::rest}} or with {{c2::nitroglycerin}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Unstable}} angina is due to rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with {{c1::thrombosis}} and {{c2::incomplete}} occlusion of a coronary artery
Published	12/13/2024	Myocardial infarction is often due to rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with {{c1::thrombosis}} and {{c2::complete}} occlusion of a coronary artery
Published	12/13/2024	One less common cause of myocardial infarction is {{c1::vasculitis}} (e.g. Kawasaki disease)
Published	12/13/2024	Myocardial infarction most commonly involves the {{c1::left anterior descending (LAD)}} artery (45%)
Published	12/13/2024	The third most common artery involved in a myocardial infarction is the {{c1::left circumflex artery}}
Published	12/13/2024	CK-MB levels return to normal {{c1::48-72 hours}} after an MI
Published	12/13/2024	What microscopic changes occur during the first 4 hours of a myocardial infarction? {{c1::None :)}}
Published	12/13/2024	What gross changes occur from 1 - 3 days post-MI? {{c1::Yellow pallor}}
Published	12/13/2024	What gross changes occur from 4 - 7 days post-MI? {{c1::Yellow pallor}}
Published	12/13/2024	What microscopic changes occur from 3 - 14 days post-MI? {{c1::Granulation tissue*}}
Published	12/13/2024	What gross changes occur months after an MI? {{c1::White scar}}
Published	12/13/2024	What leads show ST elevations or Q waves in a lateral myocardial infarction? {{c1::I, aVL::2}}
Published	12/13/2024	Left-to-right shunting results in increased flow through the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary {{c1::hypertension}}
Published	12/13/2024	Uncorrected left-to-right shunting eventually results in reversal, which presents with late {{c1::cyanosis}} ({{c2::Eisenmenger}} syndrome)
Published	12/13/2024	Compared to left-to-right shunts, right-to-left shunts lead to cyanosis at a(n) {{c1::earlier}} age
Published	12/13/2024	Ostium {{c1::primum}} is a less common type of atrial septal defect that is associated with {{c2::Down}} syndrome
Published	12/13/2024	Atrial septal defect may be distinguished from a patent foramen ovale in that the septa are {{c1::missing tissue}} rather than unfused
Published	12/13/2024	Patent ductus arteriosus is associated with congenital {{c1::rubella}} infection
Published	12/13/2024	In the fetal period, the ductus arteriosus acts as a(n) {{c1::right}}-to-{{c1::left}} shunt
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Tetralogy of Fallot}} is a congenital heart disease that is characterized by: 1. {{c2::Pulmonary infundibular stenosis}} 2. {{c3::Right ventricu…
Published	12/13/2024	D-transposition of the great vessels and VSD are associated with {{c1::maternal diabetes::endocrine disorder}}
Published	12/13/2024	D-transposition of great vessels is not compatible with life unless a(n) {{c1::shunt}} is created
Published	12/13/2024	D-transposition of great vessels is due to failure of the {{c1::aorticopulmonary septum}} to spiral
Published	12/13/2024	Tricuspid atresia is an example of a(n) {{c1::right}}-to-{{c1::left}} shunt
Published	12/13/2024	Severe {{c1::pancarditis}} is the most common cause of death during the acute phase of rheumatic fever
Published	12/13/2024	Aortic stenosis due to rheumatic disease may be distinguished from stenosis due to "wear and tear" by the presence of: 1. {{c1::Coexisting mitral ste…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most common form of cardiomyopathy (90%)? {{c1::Dilated cardiomyopathy}}
Published	12/13/2024	Dilated cardiomyopathy may be caused by {{c1::Chagas}} disease, which is the result of a parasitic infection
Published	12/13/2024	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes {{c1::diastolic::systolic or diastolic}} dysfunction
Published	12/13/2024	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes {{c1::syncope}} with exercise due to subaortic hypertrophy of the ventricular septum, resulting in functional aorti…
Published	12/13/2024	What pathologic heart sound may be heard with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? {{c1::S4}}
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults? {{c1::Myxoma}}
Published	12/13/2024	How does cardiac output change during cardiogenic and obstructive shock?{{c1::Severely decreased}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Kussmaul}} sign is {{c2::increased}} jugular venous pressure on {{c3::inspiration}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c4::Cardiac tamponade}} may present with Beck's triad of {{c1::hypotension}}, {{c2::distended neck veins}}, and {{c3::distant heart sounds}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Hypertrophic}} cardiomyopathy is associated with the trinucleotide repeat expansion disease {{c1::Friedreich ataxia}}
Published	12/13/2024	Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas often present with profuse {{c1::epistaxis}}
Published	12/13/2024	Biopsy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma usually reveals pleomorphic {{c1::keratin}}-positive epithelial cells in a background of {{c2::lymphocytes}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Lobar}} pneumonia is characterized by consolidation of an entire lobe or lung
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Lobar}} pneumonia is commonly caused by {{c1::Streptococcus pneumoniae}} (95%) and {{c3::Klebsiella pneumoniae}} (5%)
Published	12/13/2024	Following red hepatization, lobar pneumonia presents grossly with {{c1::gray hepatization}}, due to degradation of red blood cells within exudate
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Klebsiella pneumoniae::bug}} is a cause of pneumonia that most commonly affects the elderly, alcoholics, and diabetics (due to aspiration)
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Bronchopneumonia}} is characterized by {{c2::scattered, patchy}} consolidation centered around {{c3::bronchioles}}
Published	12/13/2024	Pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus is often complicated by {{c1::abscess}} formation or {{c2::empyema}} (pus in the pleural space)
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Haemophilus influenzae}}, {{c2::Moraxella catarrhalis}}, and {{c3::Legionella}} are common causes of pneumonia superimposed on {{c4::COPD}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Mycoplasma pneumoniae}} is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia in young adults
Published	12/13/2024	What demographic is commonly affected by Mycoplasma pneumoniae? {{c1::Young adults, especially those living in close quarters}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Chlamydia pneumoniae}} is the second most common cause of {{c1::atypical}} pneumonia in young adults
Published	12/13/2024	Lung {{c1::abscess}} is a localized collection of pus within the parenchyma
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Smoking}} results in {{c1::centriacinar}} emphysema that is most severe in the {{c2::upper}} lobes of the lung
Published	12/13/2024	α1-antitrypsin deficiency is caused by a mutation in the {{c2::SERPINA1}} gene which leads to {{c1::misfolding}} of the mutated protein
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Emphysema}} often presents with {{c1::prolonged}} expiration with {{c2::pursed}} lips
Published	12/13/2024	Bronchiectasis is associated with {{c1::allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis}}, which is a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus
Published	12/13/2024	Granulomas due to sarcoidosis may have {{c1::Schaumann}} bodies, which are calcium and protein inclusions inside of giant cells
Published	12/13/2024	The BMPR2 gene normally inhibits {{c1::vascular smooth muscle}} proliferation
Published	12/13/2024	Surfactant decreases {{c2::surface tension}} in the lung, preventing {{c1::collapse}} of alveolar air sacs after expiration
Published	12/13/2024	Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with {{c1::premature}} birth
Published	12/13/2024	What treatment may be used to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome after birth? {{c1::Artificial surfactant for the infant}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Lung}} cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in the U.S.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Radon}} is responsible for most of the public exposure to ionizing radiation
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Radon}} exposure is the 2nd most frequent cause of lung carcinoma in the U.S.
Published	12/13/2024	One benign cause of a 'coin-lesion' on CXR is {{c1::bronchial hamartoma}}, which is benign tumor of {{c2::lung tissue}} and {{c2::cartilage}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Small}} cell carcinoma of the lung is usually not amenable to surgical resection and is thus treated with {{c2::chemotherapy +/- radiation}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Non-small}} cell carcinomas of the lung usually do not respond well to chemotherapy and are thus treated upfront with {{c2::surgical resection}}
Published	12/13/2024	Small (oat) cell carcinoma is {{c1::centrally}} located
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Small (oat) cell}} lung carcinoma may produce the anterior pituitary hormone {{c1::ACTH}} leading to {{c1::Cushing syndrome}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Small (oat) cell}} lung carcinoma may produce the posterior pituitary hormone {{c1::ADH}} leading to {{c1::SIADH}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Small (oat) cell}} lung carcinoma may produce antibodies against {{c1::presynaptic Ca2+ channels}}, causing {{c2::Lambert-Eaton myasthenic}} syn…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Small (oat) cell}} lung carcinoma may produce {{c2::antibodies}} against {{c1::neurons}}, which may cause paraneoplastic myelitis, encephalitis,…
Published	12/13/2024	Small (oat) cell carcinoma is commonly associated with amplification of the {{c1::myc}} oncogene
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Small (oat) cell}} carcinoma of the lung is characterized by positive staining for {{c1::chromogranin A}}, {{c2::neuron-specific enolase}}, {{c4…
Published	12/13/2024	Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is {{c1::centrally}} located
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Squamous cell}} carcinoma of the lung is characterized histologically by {{c2::keratin pearls}} and {{c1::intercellular bridges}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Squamous cell}} carcinoma of the lung is the most common tumor in {{c2::male smokers}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Squamous cell}} carcinoma of the lung may produce {{c1::PTHrP}} leading to hyper-{{c1::calcemia}}
Published	12/13/2024	Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung commonly presents as a hilar mass arising from the {{c1::bronchus}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Adenocarcinoma}} of the lung is characterized histologically by a(n) {{c1::glandular}} pattern that often stains positive for {{c2::mucin}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c4::Adenocarcinoma}} of the lung is associated with {{c5::activating}} mutations in the {{c1::KRAS}}, {{c2::EGFR}}, and {{c3::ALK}} genes
Published	12/13/2024	Large cell carcinoma is characterized histologically by {{c1::poorly}} differentiated large cells
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Large cell}} carcinoma of the lung may secrete the hormone {{c1::β-hCG}}
Published	12/13/2024	Large cell carcinoma of the lung is {{c1::peripherally}} located
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Adenocarcinoma in situ}} is a subtype of adenocarcinoma that typically arises from {{c1::club (Clara)}} cells
Published	12/13/2024	Is bronchioloalveolar carcinoma related to smoking? {{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Adenocarcinoma in situ}} of the lung presents similarly to {{c1::pneumonia}} on CXR (hazy infiltrates, consolidation)
Published	12/13/2024	What is the prognosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma? {{c1::Excellent}}
Published	12/13/2024	Bronchial carcinoid tumor is characterized by positive staining for {{c1::chromogranin A}}
Published	12/13/2024	Bronchial carcinoid tumor classically forms a polyp-like mass in the {{c1::bronchus}}
Published	12/13/2024	Symptoms of bronchial carcinoid tumor are related to {{c2::mass effect}} or {{c1::carcinoid syndrome}}
Published	12/13/2024	Lung cancer has a(n) {{c1::low}} 5-year survival rate because the disease often presents {{c1::late}} in its course
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Superior sulcus}} tumor ({{c3::pancoast}} tumor) is any kind of lung carcinoma that occurs in the {{c2::apex}} of the lung
Published	12/13/2024	Pancoast tumors may cause {{c1::Pancoast}} syndrome, which is characterized by shoulder pain, Horner syndrome, atrophy of hand/arm muscles, and edema …
Published	12/13/2024	One complication associated with lung cancer is {{c1::Horner}} syndrome due to compression of the {{c2::superior cervical}} or {{c3::stellate}} gangli…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Pneumothorax}} is defined as the accumulation of air in the pleural space
Published	12/13/2024	Pneumothorax presents with {{c1::hyper}}-resonance on the affected side
Published	12/13/2024	Pneumothorax presents with {{c1::diminished}} breath sounds on the affected side
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Primary spontaneous}} pneumothorax is due to rupture of apical subpleural blebs or cysts
Published	12/13/2024	In {{c2::tension}} pneumothorax, the trachea +/- mediastinum shifts {{c1::away from}} the side of collapse
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Tension}} pneumothorax arises when air enters the pleural space but cannot exit
Published	12/13/2024	Tension pneumothorax needs immediate needle decompression and {{c1::chest tube}} placement
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Mesothelioma}} is a malignancy of the lung {{c2::pleura}} that is highly associated with {{c3::asbestosis}}
Published	12/13/2024	Mesothelioma may result in {{c1::hemorrhagic}} pleural effusion (exudative) and pleural thickening
Published	12/13/2024	Almost all {{c2::mesotheliomas}} are {{c1::calretinin}} positive, which is negative in most carcinomas
Published	12/13/2024	Heritable {{c3::pulmonary hypertension}} can be due to {{c1::inactivating}} mutations of the {{c2::BMPR2}} gene
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::DVT}} is a blood clot within a deep vein, causing swelling, redness, warmth, and pain
Published	12/13/2024	Lower limb {{c3::DVT}} may be associated with {{c1::calf pain}} upon {{c2::dorsiflexion}} of the foot ({{c4::Homan}} sign)
Published	12/13/2024	Most pulmonary emboli arise via a thromboembolus from the {{c3::proximal}} {{c1::deep veins}} of the {{c2::lower}} extremity
Published	12/13/2024	Pulmonary infarction due to PE may present with {{c1::tachypnea::RR}} and {{c2::tachycardia::HR}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Spiral CT (CT pulmonary angiography)}} is the imaging test of choice for pulmonary embolism
Published	12/13/2024	Pulmonary embolism may present with {{c1::elevated}} D-dimer
Published	12/13/2024	The wedge-shaped infarct due to pulmonary embolism points {{c1::towards::towards or away}} the area of occlusion
Published	12/13/2024	Pulmonary {{c1::hypertension}} may arise with chronic emboli that are reorganized over time
Published	12/13/2024	What type of carcinoma are most head and neck cancers?{{c1::Squamous cell carcinoma}}
Published	12/13/2024	Extrapulmonary restrictive lung diseases are associated with hypoventilation of {{c1::peripheral::central or peripheral}} origin
Published	12/13/2024	In {{c2::restrictive::obstructive or restrictive}} lung disease, the flow volume loops shifts to the {{c1::right*}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Sleep apnea}} is defined as repeated (>5x/hr) cessation of breathing > {{c2::10}} seconds during sleep
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Lymphatic}} pleural effusion occurs due to {{c1::thoracic duct}} injury from trauma or malignancy
Published	12/13/2024	In large pleural effusions, the trachea may deviate {{c1::away from}} the side of the lesion
Published	12/13/2024	Atelectasis (bronchial / bronchiole obstruction) presents with {{c1::decreased::increased or decreased}} breath sounds
Published	12/13/2024	Consolidation (lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema) may present with late inspiratory {{c1::crackles}}[sound:30 SO - Bronchial Breath Sounds and Late-Ins…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Exudative}} pleural effusion is characterized by {{c1::high}} protein content
Published	12/13/2024	Rank the following from highest to lowest prevalence: ASD, PDA, VSD{{c1::VSD > ASD > PDA}}
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most common lethal, genetic disease in Caucasians?{{c1::Cystic fibrosis}}
Published	12/13/2024	The CFTR Cl- channel {{c1::reabsorbs::secretes or absorbs}} Cl- in the {{c2::sweat glands}}
Published	12/13/2024	What organism is responsible for recurrent pulmonary infections in an adolescent cystic fibrosis patient? {{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa}}
Published	12/13/2024	Cystic fibrosis may cause {{c1::infertility}} in men due to congenital bilateral absence of the {{c2::vas deferens}}
Published	12/13/2024	Treatment of cystic fibrosis includes {{c1::albuterol}}, a β2 agonist
Published	12/13/2024	If a patient is {{c2::supine}} during aspiration, an abscess may form in the {{c1::superior}} segment of the right {{c3::lower}} lobe of the lung
Published	12/13/2024	Which type of lung carcinoma may present with cavitations on CXR? {{c1::Squamous cell carcinoma}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Rhabdomyoma}} is a cardiac tumor associated with {{c1::tuberous sclerosis}}
Published	12/13/2024	Common sites of metastasis from lung cancer include the {{c1::adrenal gland}}, {{c2::brain}}, {{c3::bone}}, and {{c4::liver}}
Published	12/13/2024	Persistent Truncus Arteriosus is due to failure of {{c1::neural crest}} cells to drive formation of the aorticopulmonary septum
Published	12/13/2024	Consolidation (lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema) may present with {{c1::bronchial}} breath sounds along with: - {{c2::Ego}}phony- {{c3::Broncho}}phony…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the likely diagnosis in a chronic smoker that develops hypertension, hyperglycemia, and weight gain?{{c1::C…
Published	12/13/2024	The 5 T's of Right-to-Left Shunts:1. {{c1::Truncus Arteriosus::1 vessel}}2. {{c2::Transposition::2 switched vessels}}3. {{c3::Tricuspid atresia::3 = T…
Published	12/13/2024	Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease present with claudication, acute {{c1::rest pain}}, and numbness distally to occlusion
Published	12/13/2024	In Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, there is ventricular apical ballooning due to increased {{c1::sympathetic stimulation}}
Published	12/13/2024	Commotio cordis is ventricular fibrillation caused by {{c1::blunt cardiac injury}}
Published	12/13/2024	What stain can you use to observe infarcted tissue of the heart on biopsy?{{c1::Triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain}}
Published	12/13/2024	Thyrotoxicosis can cause what form of cardiomyopathy?{{c1::Dilated}}
Published	12/13/2024	What cardiac pathology results in global enlargement of the heart and dilation of all chambers?{{c1::Myocarditis}}
Published	12/13/2024	Carbon Monoxide poisoning is associated with which cardiac pathology?{{c1::Myocarditis}}
Published	12/13/2024	Myocarditis is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in adults under {{c1::40}} years old
Published	12/13/2024	In the normal heart, the aorta is {{c2::posterior}} and to the {{c2::right}} of the pulmonary artery; whereas in D-transposition of the great vessels,…
Published	12/13/2024	Bicuspid aortic valves lead to premature {{c1::atherosclerosis}} and {{c1::calcification}} of the aortic valve
Published	12/13/2024	Isolated systolic hypertension can occur in {{c1::aging::most common cause}}, severe {{c2::aortic regurgitation}}, or systemic causes (anemia, hyperth…
Published	12/13/2024	A bicuspid aortic valve presents with a soft systolic early ejection murmur that radiates to the {{c1::neck}} with a high frequency {{c2::ejection cli…
Published	12/13/2024	Is pulsus paradoxus typically seen in patients with myocarditis?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2024	Patients with Cardiac Tamponade have an enlarged "{{c1::water bottle}}" shaped heart on chest x-ray
Published	12/13/2024	Cardiac tamponade may be caused by malignancies / {{c3::radiation}} therapy; infections (most commonly {{c1::viral}}), drugs, and {{c2::connective}} t…
Published	12/13/2024	Patients with subclavian steal syndrome present with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (dizziness, vertigo, {{c1::drop}} attacks)
Published	12/13/2024	Approximately 90% of left atrial thrombi are found within the {{c1::left atrial appendage}} in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Published	12/13/2024	A pericardial knock is a brief, high frequency, precordial sound heard in early {{c2::diastole}} in patients with {{c1::constrictive pericarditis}}
Published	12/13/2024	Will restoration of blood flow to "hibernating" myocardium improve contractility and LV function?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	12/13/2024	Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina / MI) usually occurs due to plaque rupture, due to an imbalance of {{c1::metalloproteinase}} activity
Published	12/13/2024	While lightning injuries are rare, the most common cause of death is a(n) {{c1::arrhythmia}}
Published	12/13/2024	The major determinant of whether or not a coronary artery plaque will cause ischemic myocardial injury is the rate of {{c1::arterial occlusion}}
Published	12/13/2024	On a PA chest x-ray of the thorax, the {{c1::right atrium}} composes most of the right side of the cardiac silhouette
Published	12/13/2024	Varicose veins are a result of incompetence of the {{c1::venous valves}}
Published	12/13/2024	Common complications of varicose veins include chronic edema, stasis dermatitis, {{c1::skin}} ulcerations, poor wound healing, and infection
Published	12/13/2024	Patients with acute {{c1::decompensated}} heart failure typically present with progressive {{c3::dyspnea}}, orthopnea, lower extremity edema, along wi…
Published	12/13/2024	On chest x-ray of a person with acute decompensated heart failure, you will most likely see:- prominent cephalization of {{c1::pulmonary vessels (red …
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Kerley B}} lines may also be seen on a chest x-ray of a patient with acute decompensated heart failure
Published	12/13/2024	Patients with recurrent DVTs can be given a(n) {{c1::IVC filter}} if they have contraindications to anticoagulation
Published	12/13/2024	Myocardial infarction induced acute left ventricular failure can result in rapid onset {{c1::pulmonary venous hypertension}} and {{c2::acute pulmonary…
Published	12/13/2024	Patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis have deposition of immune complexes in the {{c1::skin}}, {{c2::peripheral}} nervous system, and the {{c3::ki…
Published	12/13/2024	The main symptomatic difference between cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and henoch-schonlein purpura is a lack of {{c1::gastrointestinal}} symptoms
Published	12/13/2024	Histopathology of mesothelioma will show tumor cells with numerous, long slender {{c1::microvilli}} and abundant {{c2::tonofilaments}}
Published	12/13/2024	4% of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma have a(n) {{c2::inversion}} of chromosome 2 that creates an fusion gene between {{c1::EML4}} an…
Published	12/13/2024	Lung cancers with a EML4-ALK fusion protein are typically EGFR {{c1::negative::positive or negative?}} / KRAS {{c1::negative::positive or negative?}}*…
Published	12/13/2024	Volume overload in the heart causes {{c1::eccentric}} hypertrophy
Published	12/13/2024	Fetal alcohol syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome may predispose to {{c1::Tetralogy of Fallot::which primary immunodeficiency?}}
Published	12/13/2024	Early involvement of cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis may present with {{c1::palpable purpura::skin}}
Published	12/13/2024	Perfusion only during diastole, high O2 extraction and tightly coupled O2 demand and blood flow is characteristic of {{c1::cardiac::ske…
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