Notes in Fungi & Mycology

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Published	08/28/2024	Fungi don't do {{c1::photosynthesis}}. Instead, get energy from {{c1::absorption}}
Published	08/28/2024	Fungi are {{c1::eukaryotes::eukaryotes/prokaryotes}} that don't move. and have {{c1::ergosterol}} vs cholesterol
Published	08/28/2024	Many fungi can't infect humans because ourhigh {{c1::temp}},{{c1::skin}}{{c1::immune system}}they can't eat our {{c1::flesh}}
Published	08/28/2024	In order to infect humans, fungi must adhere to, and penetrate, {{c1::mucosal surfaces}}
Published	08/28/2024	In systemic mycosis, what form are the fungi in?{{c1::Yeast form}}
Published	08/28/2024	Fungal membranes use {{c1::ergosterol}} instead of cholesterolThis = crucial {{c1::drug}} target.
Published	08/28/2024	What class of antifungal drug targets ergosterol in fungal membranes?{{c1::Polyenes}} --> damage ergosterol{{c1::Azoles}} --> inhibit ergosterol…
Published	08/28/2024	What class of antifungal drug targets fungal nucelic acids?{{c1::Pyrimidines}} (weird)
Published	08/28/2024	What class of antifungal drug targets fungal ß-glucan (in membrane)?{{c1::Echinocandins}}
Published	08/28/2024	What are the three main forms of fungi?{{c1::Mold}}: tough, hyphae--> Takes this form in {{c2::cold (external)}}{{c1::Yeast}}: round, bud…
Published	08/28/2024	The cell wall of fungi contains {{c1::chitin}}, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine, a derivative of glucose.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Primary}} fungal pathogens can cause disease in any individual, regardless of their health status. They cause diseases in areas where they'…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Opportunistic}} fungal pathogens are not sufficiently pathogenic to cause infection in healthy individuals, but are known to cause disease in in…
Published	08/28/2024	Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidiodes immitis, C. posadasii, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Paracoccidiodies brasiliensis are all examples of {{c1::prima…
Published	08/28/2024	Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus are all examples of {{c1::opportunistic}} fungal pathogens.
Published	08/28/2024	Four classes of mycoses, classified by the tissues they infect.
Published	08/28/2024	Pityriasis versicolor: This is an example of a {{c1::superficial::infected tissue}} mycosis. Due to Malassezia furfur. Causes {{c1::hyp…
Published	08/28/2024	Cutaneous mycoses consist of 3 genera, known as {{c1::dermatophytes}}. They are often called "{{c1::tineas}}" or ringworms. These are the on…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Tinea corporis}} is a {{c2::cutaneous}} fungal infection characterized by typical "ringworm" lesions.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Tinea pedis}} is a {{c2::cutaneous}} fungal infection, and is the most prevalent dermatophytosis in the U.S.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c2::Sporotrichosis}} is an example of a {{c1::subcutaneous}} mycosis. Due to Sporothrix schenckii, which is found in {{c1::soil, decaying veget…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Dimorphic systemic}} mycoses involve virulent fungi capable of causing infection in healthy people. -Fungi overcome physiological & cel…
Published	08/28/2024	Hisoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) is endemic in {{c1::Ohio}} and {{c1::Mississippi River valley. }}Patients usually have history of contact …
Published	08/28/2024	Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) is endemic in {{c1::Ohio}} and {{c1::Mississippi River valley}} and {{c1::Missouri}} and {{c1::Arkansas …
Published	08/28/2024	Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) is endemic in the {{c1::southwest US}}, {{c1::Mexico}}, and {{c1::South America. }}Often d/t {{c1:…
Published	08/28/2024	Paracoccidiodomycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) is restricted to {{c1::Central}} and {{c1::South America.}} Asymptomatic infections common.…
Published	08/28/2024	Aspergillosis (caused by >150 species of Aspergillus), is a {{c2::opportunistic}} fungal disease. These are ubiquitous in {{c1::soil}}, {{c1::plant…
Published	08/28/2024	Cryptococcosis (cryptococcus) is a {{c1::opportunistic}} fungal disease. They are not dimorphic, rather they are always in {{c1::encapsulate…
Published	08/28/2024	Cryptococcosis, (opportunistic mycoses), are isolated from {{c1::soil (bird droppings). }}Hallmark infection of {{c1::AIDS}} patients. MIld …
Published	08/28/2024	Candidiasis (Candida) is present in the mouth/gut of about 60% of healthy people. The most prevalent opportunistic human fungal patheogen an…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Candida albicans}} is the most common species of Candida. Can alter physiology and morphology during infection. It is different f…
Published	08/28/2024	Candida commonly adheres to implanted medical devices, growing as a resilient {{c1::biofilm}} capable of withstanding extraordinarily high antifu…
Published	08/28/2024	It is difficult to treat fungal infections without toxicity to the host. Fungal {{c1::cell wall}} is composed almost exclusively of molecules tha…
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::ergosterol}} in fungus cell membranes is often targeted by antifungals to alter permeability. Antifungal drugs must specifically NOT in…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Polyenes (Amphotericin B & Nystatin::antifungal)}} bind sterols in cell membranes, creating "holes" in the membrane.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Azoles::antifungal}} inhibit synthesis of ergosterol.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Echinocandins::antifungals}} function by inhibiting beta(1,3)-D-glucan (makes up cell wall) synthesis.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Allylamines::antifungals (terbinafine)}} function as oral therapeutic antifungals for skin and nail infections, and function by inhibiting ergos…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Candida auris}} is a newly-emerging multidrug resistant fungus that poses a serious global health threat.
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