Notes in 5. Pressure and Flow in Arteries and Veins

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Published	02/10/2024	Auscultation of Korotkoff sounds using a {{c1::sphygmomanometer}} and a {{c1::stethoscope}}
Published	02/10/2024	Elastic arteries act as a {{c1::pressure reservoir}} they damp down variations in pressure.
Published	02/10/2024	Factors that affect the Pressure Wave Rising phase: [1] {{c1::Stroke volumethe stronger the contraction, the more blood goes out, higher sys…
Published	02/10/2024	The pressure {{c1::falls}} throughout the vascular tree so that blood would be able to flow across a gradient.
Published	02/10/2024	There is a small drop in pressure through Arteries, from {{c1::~95}} to {{c1::90}} mmHg as they are the low resistance conduit.
Published	02/10/2024	There is a large drop in pressure through Arterioles from {{c1::~ 90}} to {{c1::40}} mmHg as they are the resistance vessels.
Published	02/10/2024	There is a low pressure ranging from {{c1::40}} - {{c1::20}} mmHg through Capillaries, as they are very thin walled which allows for diffusion an…
Published	02/10/2024	There is very low pressure ranging from {{c1::20}} - {{c1::5}} mmHg in the Venules and Veins heading towards the right atrium. This small pressure gra…
Published	02/10/2024	The pulmonary circulation pressure is {{c1::1/5th}} of Systemic circulation pressure.
Published	02/10/2024	The relationship between the velocity of blood flow and the {{c1::total cross-sectional area}} of vessels is inversely proportional.
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::fastest}} blood flow is in both the vessels {{c2::Aorta}} and {{c2::Vena cava}} The {{c1::slowest}} blood flow is in the vessels known …
Published	02/10/2024	The pressure in veins is low, therefore the {{c1::pressure difference}} driving the blood back to the right atrium is low.
Published	02/10/2024	Factors that affect Venous pressure and Venous return/flow[1] {{c1::Gravity}}[2] {{c1::Skeletal muscle pump}}[3] {{c1::Respiratory pump}}[4] {{c1::Ven…
Published	02/10/2024	Gravity causes venous {{c1::distension}} in the legs
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the mechanics behind Orthostatic (postural) hypotension..{{c1::When standing up, Gravity causes venous distension (blood …
Published	02/10/2024	Standing up causes Gravity to lead to venous {{c1::collapse}} in the neck because: [1] {{c2::The pressure inside is lower than the pressure …
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Skeletal muscle pump}} is a rhythmic muscular contraction that increases {{c2::venous return}} to the heart and therefore leads to a higher&nbsp…
Published	02/10/2024	Skeletal muscle pumps the blood away and towards the heart, but the blood going away is stopped by {{c1::valves}} in the veins.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Respiratory pump}} describes increased respiratory rate and depth which increases {{c2::venous return}} and therefore leads to a higher end…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Venomotor tone}} is {{c2::the state of contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the venules and veins. This is regulated by sympathetic syst…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Systemic filling pressure}} is {{c2::the pressure (20 - 5 mmHg) created by ventricles and transmitted through the vascular tree to the veins. Th…
Published	02/10/2024	Clotting involves the formation of a {{c1::platelet}} plug and a {{c1::fibrin}} clot.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Fibrinogen}} becomes {{c2::Fibrin}} under the effect of an enzyme called {{c2::Thrombin}}
Published	02/10/2024	Anti-clotting Mechanisms of the Endothelium:[1] {{c1::Stop blood contact with Collagen}}[2] {{c1::Production of Prostacyclin and Nitric oxid…
Published	02/10/2024	An endothelial anti-clotting mechanism that stops {{c1::platelet aggregation}} is ending blood contact with {{c2::collagen}}
Published	02/10/2024	An endothelial anti-clotting mechanism that inhibits {{c1::platelet}} aggregation is the production of local chemical messengers {{c2::prost…
Published	02/10/2024	An endothelial anti-clotting mechanism that stops {{c1::thrombin}} production is the production of {{c2::tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TF…
Published	02/10/2024	An endothelial anti-clotting mechanism that binds to and inactivates Thrombin is the expression of {{c1::Thrombomodulin}} and {{c1::Heparin}}
Published	02/10/2024	An endothelial anti-clotting mechanism that involves {{c1::plasminogen}} becoming {{c1::plasmin}} to digest the clot is the secretion of {{c2::tissue …
Published	02/10/2024	The pressure at which a Korotkoff sound is first heard is the {{c1::highest}} pressure in the artery and is recorded as the systolic pressure. Th…
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