Notes in 04 Fetal Growth

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Gestational Age or AOG AKA {{c1::Menstrual}} Age
Published	07/30/2024	Ovulation Age AKA {{c1::Preconceptional}} Age
Published	07/30/2024	Ovulation/Preconceptional Age = {{c1::Gestational/Menstrual Age - 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gestational Age is approximately {{c1::280}} days or {{c1::40}} weeks elapse on average between the 1st day of the LMP and birth
Published	07/30/2024	Average weeks per semestral period during gestation{{c1::13 to 14 weeks long}}
Published	07/30/2024	To approximate AOG of the fetus it is better to request ultrasound during the first {{c1::13}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	Give types of body measurements that are used in ultrasound at 2nd and 3rd trimester{{c1::biparietal diameter (head)femoral lengthabdominal circumfere…
Published	07/30/2024	Period occupied by embryonic period?{{c1::Begins the 3rd week from LMP to 8th week - total of 6 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Length of embryo at 9 weeks AOG{{c1::24mm in length}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FAt 16th week AOG, crown-lump length is the best measurement used {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	By {{c1::20}} weeks in the male, testicles start to descend
Published	07/30/2024	By {{c1::18}} weeks in the female fetus, the uterus is formed and vaginal canalization begins
Published	07/30/2024	Which week AOG can sex differentiation be assessed?{{c1::16th week}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fetal crown-rump length at 12th week AOG is {{c1::5}} to {{c1::6}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	Cochlear function develops between {{c1::22}} and {{c1::25}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	Downy lanugo cover its entire body at which week AOG?{{c1::20th week}}
Published	07/30/2024	At {{c1::24}} weeks AOG , mortality rate is high in 3rd world countries
Published	07/30/2024	No direct communication between fetal and maternal blood because of the lining of the {{c1::chorion frondosum}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. intervillous space pressure1. Mother in supine position2. Mother in standing position{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	At term:Residual volume of intervillous space: {{c1::~140}}mLUteroplacental blood flow : {{c2::700-900}}mL/min
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Blood transported to intervillous space1. Fetal blood2. Maternal blood{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Important supplemental nutriet source for brain development{{c1::Folic acid }}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. CNS development Spontaneous movementsA. 8th weekB. 10th weekC. 16th weekD. 24th weekE. 28th week{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. CNS development Swallowing & respirationA. 8th weekB. 10th weekC. 16th weekD. 24th weekE. 28th week{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. CNS development Eye is sensitive to lightA. 8th weekB. 10th weekC. 16th weekD. 24th weekE. 28th week{{c1::E}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. CNS development Sucking abilityA. 8th weekB. 10th weekC. 16th weekD. 24th weekE. 28th week{{c1::D}}
Published	07/30/2024	At 3 to 4 months AOG - neuronal {{c1::proliferation}} peaks
Published	07/30/2024	At 3 to 5 months AOG - neuronal {{c1::migration}} peaks
Published	07/30/2024	Determine the mature form of the embryonic brain vesiclesTelencephalon - {{c3::future cerebral hemispheres}}Diencephalon - {{c2::thalami}}Mesencephalo…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Spinal cord distal end 24th week AOGA. L1B. L3C. S1{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Spinal cord distal end At birthA. L1B. L3C. S1{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Spinal cord distal end AdultA. L1B. L3C. S1{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::8th}} week - synaptic function is sufficiently developed; demonstrate flexion of the neck and trunk
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Fetal circulation: Carry OXYGENATED blood1. Veins 2. Arteries{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Bypass the liver1. Ductus venosus2. Foramen ovale{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Bypass the lungs1. Ductus venosus2. Foramen ovale{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Almost 90 percent of blood exiting the right ventricle is shunted through the ductus arteriosus to the {{c1::descending aorta}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FThere is no blood delivered from the RV towards the lungs due to the high pulmonary vascular resistance and presence of patent ductus arteriosus…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood rich in nutrients and oxygen supplied via the placenta , flows through the {{c1::umbilical vein}} to the {{c2::ductus venosus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood flows from the ductus venosus → {{c1::inferior vena cava}} → right atrium
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Blood pressure1. Right atrium 2. Left atrium {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::umbilical}} arteries allow blood to flow from the body back to the placenta to be enriched with oxygen
Published	07/30/2024	Although pulmonary pressures are lower than systemic pressures, within minutes after birth, it is {{c1::six to eight}} weeks before pulmonary vascular…
Published	07/30/2024	Within {{c1::three}} months , the foramen ovale permanently closes as {{c2::fibrin}} deposits fuse the layers of septal wall together
Published	07/30/2024	Normally the ductus arteriosus closes completely in {{c1::4-10}} days
Published	07/30/2024	As fibrin infiltrates the ductus venosus, it usually closes within {{c1::3-7}} days
Published	07/30/2024	Remnant of ductus venosus in adult {{c1::Ligamentum venosum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Remnant form of umbilical artery in adults{{c1::umbilical ligaments}}
Published	07/30/2024	Remnant form of umbilical vein in adults{{c1::Ligamentum teres}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA Functionally closes several mins after birth A. Ductus arteriosusB. Foramen ovaleC. Ductus venosus{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA Functionally closes 10-96 hr after birthA. Ductus arteriosusB. Foramen ovaleC. Ductus venosus{{c1::A and C}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA Anatomically closes 1 year after birthA. Ductus arteriosusB. Foramen ovaleC. Ductus venosus{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA Anatomically closes 2-3 weeks after birthA. Ductus arteriosusB. Foramen ovaleC. Ductus venosus{{c1::A and C}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FPatent foramen ovale in adult life detrimentally affects circulation of the px{{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Well-oxygenated blood 1. Medial aspect of IVC2. Lateral aspect of IVC{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Less oxygenated blood 1. Medial aspect of IVC2. Lateral aspect of IVC{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	In cases of oxygen deprivation, these organs will preferentially be perfused in the fetus:{{c1::Brain HeartAdrenal gland}}
Published	07/30/2024	The umbilical vein divides into the {{c1::ductus venosus}} and the {{c1::portal sinus}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Major branch of the umbilical vein1. Ductus venosus2. Portal sinus{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Carries blood to the hepatic veins1. Ductus venosus2. Portal sinus{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Receive primary oxygenated blood1. LV2. RV{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Supply Primarily Heart and Brain1. LV2. RV{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Supply Primarily Rest of the body1. LV2. RV{{c1::B - via ductus arteriosus}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. O2 affinity 1. Hgb F2. Hgb A{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why does Hgb A has less affinity to oxygen compared to Hgb F?{{c1::Hgb A binds 2,3 diphosphoglycerate more avidly and has lower affinity to oxygen}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vitamin {{c1::K}} is given to the newborn right after birth to prevent hemorrhagic diseases
Published	07/30/2024	The fetal heartbeat is around {{c1::140}} to {{c1::180}} bpm.
Published	07/30/2024	T or FFetal lungs are not yet functional{{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	Only {{c1::8}}% of circulation enters the lungs
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Anatomic maturation of lungs Bronchial cartilage plates extend peripherallyA. Pseudoglandular StageB. Canalicular StageC. Saccular Term…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Anatomic maturation of lungs Respiratory bronchioles give rise to primitive pulmonary alveoliA. Pseudoglandular StageB. Canalicular Sta…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Anatomic maturation of lungs Type II pneumocytes begin to produce surfactantA. Pseudoglandular StageB. Canalicular StageC. Saccular Ter…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Anatomic maturation of lungs Begins at 26 weeksA. Pseudoglandular StageB. Canalicular StageC. Saccular Terminal Sac StageD. Alveol…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Lung maturation insultsIf the fetus develops oligohydramnios prior to the canalicular stageA. Pulmonary hypoplasiaB. Fetal Renal AgenesisC. …
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Lung maturation insultsAmniotic fluid is absent at the beginning of lung growthA. Pulmonary hypoplasiaB. Fetal Renal AgenesisC. Nearly norma…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Lung maturation insultsMembrane Rupture and subsequent oligohydramnios before 20 weeksA. Pulmonary hypoplasiaB. Fetal Renal AgenesisC. Nearl…
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Lung maturation insultsMembrane rupture after 24 weeks/ past the canalicular stageA. Pulmonary hypoplasiaB. Fetal Renal AgenesisC. Nearly no…
Published	07/30/2024	Vitamin {{c1::D}} is important for several aspects of lung development
Published	07/30/2024	Drug given to preterm fetus to enhance fetal lung maturity {{c1::Corticosteroids (Betamethasone or Dexamethasone)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Surfactant is formed in the {{c1::type II pneumocytes}} that line the alveoli
Published	07/30/2024	Surfactant is usually produced at around {{c1::32}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	Two ways to measure lung maturity of fetus in utero {{c1::Lecithin-Sphingomyelin ratioLamellar bodies counted in amniotic fluid}}
Published	07/30/2024	Principal active component that constitutes half of surface surfactant{{c1::Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Percentage composition of surfactantLipids: {{c1::90% lipids (glycerophospholipids)}}Proteins: {{c1::10% }}
Published	07/30/2024	Why is fetal cortisol important?{{c1::Stimulates lung maturation and surfactant synthesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lamellar body}} - storage form of type II pneumocyte
Published	07/30/2024	Source of amniotic fluid in the first trimester is {{c1::maternal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Starting {{c1::20}} weeks , the fetus will start urinating → bulk source of amniotic fluid is urine
Published	07/30/2024	Transfer of water and other molecules occurs via three (3) mechanisms:{{c1::○ Transmembranous flow - across the amnion○ Intramembranous flow - ac…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fetal swallowing}} is the primary mechanism for amniotic fluid resorption and averages 500 to 1000 mL per day
Published	07/30/2024	What is normal amniotic fluid at full term?{{c1::2800 mL}}
Published	07/30/2024	What is normal amniotic fluid at mid trimester?{{c1::800 mL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Amniotic fluid is measured through the sum of the {{c1::deepest vertical pockets of each of the 4 equal uterine quadrants}}
Published	07/30/2024	Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) normal value {{c1::5-24 cm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fetal breathing is essential for normal {{c1::lung::organ}} growth
Published	07/30/2024	Swallowing begins at {{c1::10-12}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	Possible  complication from absent of swallowing {{c1::Hydramnios}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Swallowing}} is what regulates the amount of amniotic fluid during the {{c2::2nd}} trimester
Published	07/30/2024	Term fetus swallows around {{c1::200-760}} mL/day
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::11}} weeks - intrinsic facto r detectable
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::16}} weeks - pepsinogen detectable
Published	07/30/2024	When the fetus is born, the meconium must be excreted during the first {{c1::24}} hours of life
Published	07/30/2024	Meconium is toxic to the {{c1::respiratory::organ}} system of the fetus
Published	07/30/2024	T or FMeconium stained amniotic fluid always indicates pathology{{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	cb02537b73ea4ff9a2e534cc70bc95bd-oa-1
Published	07/30/2024	cb02537b73ea4ff9a2e534cc70bc95bd-oa-2
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Liver enzymes2. AOG{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Transferred through placenta1. Conjugated bilirubin 2. Unconjugated bilirubin {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Hepatic glycogen 1. 2nd trimester2. Near term {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Urine production begins at {{c1::12}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	MetanephrosBetween 9-12 weeks: {{c3::Ureteric bud and the nephrogenic blastema interact to produce the metanephros}}Kidney and Ureter: {{c2::Develop f…
Published	07/30/2024	By week {{c1::14}}: Loop of Henle is functional and reabsorption occurs
Published	07/30/2024	Tonicity of fetal urine{{c1::Hypotonic}}
Published	07/30/2024	Be familiar with factors that DEC fetal urine formation {{c1::Uteroplacental insufficiencyFetal growth restrictionFetal disordersUPI, GFR}}
Published	07/30/2024	DEC Production of fetal urine can manifest as {{c1::Oligohydramnios}}
Published	07/30/2024	AFI measurement cut-off to classify as hydramnios{{c1::> 24 cm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Familiarize with Fluid Volume regulation {{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	5f26d48d8bf2444ba86f0bee5439a444-oa-1
Published	07/30/2024	5f26d48d8bf2444ba86f0bee5439a444-oa-2
Published	07/30/2024	5f26d48d8bf2444ba86f0bee5439a444-oa-3
Published	07/30/2024	T or FKidneys are not essential for survival in-utero{{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cause of Early onset oligohydramnios {{c1::Pulmonary hypoplasia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs that can cause oligohydramnios{{c1::ACE inhibitorsARBS}}
Published	07/30/2024	Midpregnancy condition that cause oligohydramnios{{c1::PreeclampsiaVascular diseaseUteroplacental insufficiency}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why is there absence of oligohydramnios before 12 weeks AOG?{{c1::Primary source of amniotic fluid is cutaneous}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::13}} weeks : Evidence of immunological competence
Published	07/30/2024	Immunoglobulin {{c2::G}} obtained from the mother at {{c1::16}} weeks
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Ingested in colostrum 1. IgA2. IgG{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Patients are encouraged to breastfeed for {{c1::6}} months
Published	07/30/2024	Ig that Provides neonatal protection against enteric infection{{c1::IgA}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ig Produced in response to antigenic stimulus{{c1::IgM}}
Status	Last Update	Fields