Notes in Endomembrane system

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/29/2023	{{c2::RER signal or start transfer signal}} - {{c1::20-30 hydrophobic amino acids (a-helix) at the beginning of protein}} – directs protein to {{c2::t…
Published	09/29/2023	{{c2::Glycosylation on asparagine (14 sugar moieties)}} - protein directed {{c1::inside ER lumen}}.
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::More sugars added}} - protein directed {{c2::to lysosomes}}.
Published	09/29/2023	{{c2::Terminal mannose → galactose}} - protein directed {{c1::to cell membrane vesicles}}
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Add fatty acids}} - protein directed to {{c2::extrinsic transmembrane proteins}}
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::C-terminal KDEL}} - protein {{c2::stays in the ER (ER retention signal)}}
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::carbohydrate side chains on serine and threonine residues}} - proteins {{c2::marked to be secreted}}
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Transferable membrane parts embedded}} - {{c2::cell membrane components}}
Published	09/29/2023	Mucus-secreting goblet cells in small intestine are rich in {{c1::rough ER::smooth/rough ER}}
Published	09/29/2023	Antibody-secreting plasma cells are rich in {{c1::rough ER::smooth/rough ER}}
Published	09/29/2023	Neurons are rich in {{c1::rough ER::smooth/rough ER}}.{{c1::Rough ER::smooth/rough ER}} makes up subcellular structures called {{c2::Nissl b…
Published	09/29/2023	The brain is rich in {{c1::smooth ER::smooth/rough ER}}.
Published	09/29/2023	Striated muscle is rich in {{c1::smooth ER::smooth/rough ER}}.
Published	09/29/2023	The liver is rich in {{c1::smooth ER::smooth/rough ER}}.
Published	09/29/2023	Reproductive organs are rich in {{c1::smooth ER::smooth/rough ER}}.
Published	09/29/2023	The adrenal cortex is rich in {{c1::smooth ER::smooth/rough ER}}.
Published	09/29/2023	The sebaceous glands are rich in {{c1::smooth ER::smooth/rough ER}}.
Published	09/29/2023	Prion disease (spongiform encephalitis) is caused by {{c1::protein misfolding from an alpha helix to beta sheath}}.
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Tay-Sachs disease}} is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by {{c2::a missing enzyme}}
Published	09/29/2023	{{c2::Covalently adding ubiquitin protein via Lys residue}} - proteins {{c1::trageted for proteasome degradation}}
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Class II CFTR mutation}} is a protein misfolding mutation caused by {{c2::a deletion of phenylalanine (ΔF508)}}.Proteins with {{c1::Class II CFT…
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::α1-Antitrypsin (A1AT)}} is produced in the {{c2::liver::organ}} and {{c2::protects the lungs from neutrophil elastase::purpose}}.
Published	09/29/2023	α1-Antitrypsin polymerization is a {{c1::gain-of-toxic-function disorder}} that leads to {{c2::cirrhosis of liver}} because the A1AT is…
Published	09/29/2023	⍺1-Antitrypsin deficiency is a  {{c1::loss-of-function disorder}} caused by {{c3::protein misfolding}}.A1AT deficiency stems from a {{c…
Published	09/29/2023	The treatment for A1AT deficiency is a {{c1::lifelong}} treatment called {{c1::augmentation therapy}}. There is no cure for A1AT deficiency, but treat…
Published	09/29/2023	The {{c1::tetanus toxin}} is a protease that cleaves receptors used for movement of vesicles in neurons → {{c2::blocks secretion of inhibitory ne…
Published	09/29/2023	The {{c1::botulinum toxin}} is a protease that cleaves synaptic proteins → {{c2::blocks release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction}} → {{…
Status	Last Update	Fields