Notes in 10 Hemophilus, Brucella, Bordatella, Francisella, Yersinia, Pasturella

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Published	07/30/2024	Hemophilus influenzae generalitiesHuman microbiota location: {{c1::Upper respiratory tract}}Clinically relevant disease: {{c1::Meningitis in children …
Published	07/30/2024	Most common biotypes of H. influenzae that cause invasive infections {{c1::Biotypes I and II}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which strains of H. influenzae are part of regular commensals in human microbiota?{{c1::Non-encapsulated strains}}
Published	07/30/2024	H. InfluenzaeGram stain: {{c1::Negative}}Fresh culture shape: {{c1::Coccobacilli }}Old culture shape: {{c1::Long filamentous and pleomorphic&nbsp…
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Published	07/30/2024	Which Hemophilus sp. don't need factor X in media?{{c1::H. parainfluenzaeH. parahemolyticus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which Hemophilus sp. don't need factor V in media?{{c1::H. ducreyi}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which Hemophilus sp. don't show hemolysis in BAP?{{c1::H. influenzaeH. parainfluenzaeH. ducreyi}}
Published	07/30/2024	Factor X acts as {{c1::hemin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Factor V can be replaced by {{c1::nicotinamide adenine nucleotide}}
Published	07/30/2024	H. influenzae does not grow on sheep blood agar except around colonies of {{c1::staphylococci}}
Published	07/30/2024	How staph allow growth of hemophilus on BAP?{{c1::Colonies of staphylococci cause the release of NAD, which is a source of Factor V}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major virulence factor of H. influenzae {{c1::Capsular antigen of type b}}
Published	07/30/2024	Typing of encapsulated H. influenzae can be done by: {{c1::■ Slide agglutination ■ Coagglutination with staphylococci ■ Agglutination of latex particl…
Published	07/30/2024	T or FMost H. influenzae organisms in the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract are encapsulated{{c1::False, most are NON encapsulated}}
Published	07/30/2024	Term for non encapsualted H. influenzae strains?{{c1::non-typeable Haemophilus (NTHi)}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FH. influenzae does not produce exotoxin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Virulence factors of H. influenzae{{c1::Capsular polysaccharide antigen Outer membrane protein Endotoxin - lipooligosaccharide::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Responsible for >95% of all invasive hemophilus infections pre-vaccine era{{c1::H. influenzae Type B (Hib)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serotype responsible for most H. influenzae diseases post-vaccine era{{c1::Serotype c, f, and unencapsulated H. influenzae}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Influenzae serotypes Can cause invasive diseaseA. Type bB. NTHiC. Type C, F {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Influenzae serotypes Can cause localized diseaseA. Type bB. NTHiC. Type C, F {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Influenzae serotypes BacteremiaA. Type bB. NTHiC. Type C, F {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Influenzae serotypes Infection via direct extension from the colonized sitesA. Type bB. NTHiC. Type C, F {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Influenzae serotypes MeningitisA. Type bB. NTHiC. Type C, F {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Influenzae serotypes Rarely causes diseaseA. Type bB. NTHiC. Type C, F {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::NTHi}} and {{c1::pneumococci}} are 2 of the most common etiologic agents of bacterial otitis media and acute sinusitis
Published	07/30/2024	Cherry-red epiglottis disease{{c1::Laryngotracheitis - Hemophilus influenzae infection}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::CSF}} and {{c1::blood}} are the specimens of choice for the diagnosis of meningitis
Published	07/30/2024	Biochemical reaction of H. influenzaeCatalase: {{c1::Positive}}Oxidase: {{c1::Positive}}Ferment glucose: {{c1::Positive}}Ferment lactose: {{c1::Negati…
Published	07/30/2024	Many strains are susceptible to {{c1::Ampicillin}} but 25% exhibit beta-lactamase resistance (via plasmid)
Published	07/30/2024	All strains of H. influenzae are sensitive to 3rd generation {{c1::Cephalosporins}} and {{c1::Carbapenems}}
Published	07/30/2024	IV {{c1::Cefoxatime}} gives excellent results (Meningitis)
Published	07/30/2024	Monovalent vaccines for H. influenzae{{c1::PRP-OMPPRP-TPRP-T}}
Published	07/30/2024	General schedule of vaccine schedule for H. influenzaePrimary series{{c1::2,4,6 months }}Booster dose: {{c1::12-15 months}}Exception DTap-IP…
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Published	07/30/2024	H. influenzae prophylaxis {{c1::Rifampicin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Soft chancre or chancroid{{c1::H. ducreyi}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Diagnostic sensitivity for H. ducreyi 1. NAATs2. CAP + ISOVitaleX medium {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gram stain: “school of fish” or “railroad track” appearance{{c1::H. ducreyi}}
Published	07/30/2024	Main treatment for H. ducreyi{{c1::Azithromycin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Associated with purulent conjunctivitis especially in children (Koch-Weeks){{c1::Hemophilus aegypti}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clinical manifestations of H. ducreyi {{c1::Single or multiple lesions in genital areasInguinal lymphadenopathiesSoft chancre}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Bordtella diseasesWhooping cough A. B. pertussisB. B. parapertussisC. B. bronchiseptica{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Bordtella diseasesMild whooping coughA. B. pertussisB. B. parapertussisC. B. bronchiseptica{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Bordtella diseasesPertussis-like symptomsA. B. pertussisB. B. parapertussisC. B. bronchiseptica{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	B. pertussis generalitiesGram stain: {{c1::Negative }}Shape: {{c1::Coccobacilli }}Motility: {{c1::Negative }}Toluidine blue stain: {{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	Characteristic bipolar metachromatic granules{{c1::B. pertussis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Thumbprint appearance{{c1::B. pertussis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Preferred enriched media for Bordtella sp. growth {{c1::Bordet-Gengou - contain penGRegan-Lowe - contain ampB and cephalexin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bordtella biochem reactionsCatalase: {{c1::Positive}}Oxidase: {{c1::Positive}}Ferment: {{c1::Negative}}Indole: {{c1::Negative}}Urea: {{c1::Negative}}N…
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Published	07/30/2024	Two virulence factors of Bordtella which kills respiratory epith cells{{c1::Tracheal cytotoxin Dermonecrotic cell}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mechanism behind whooping cough characteristic of Bordtella infection {{c1::Obstruction of the bronchioles by mucus plugs results in atelectasis}…
Published	07/30/2024	Virulence factors involved in binding of Bordtella{{c1::Filamentolus hemagglutinin Pertussin toxin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Phase of B. pertussis infection with higest bacterial culture{{c1::Catarrhal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Phase of B. pertussin infection with manifestation of Repetitive cough with whoops{{c1::Paroxysmal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Phase of B. pertussin infection with manifestation of Diminished paroxysmal cough, development of secondary complications{{c1::Convalescent}}
Published	07/30/2024	Phase of B. pertussin infection with manifestation of fever and rhinorrhea{{c1::Catarrhal}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FImmunity to Bordtella sp. is lifelong{{c1::False, but second infections are milder}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug of choice for Bordtella{{c1::Erythromycin (macrolide)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ideal phase of B. pertussis infection to give erythromycin {{c1::Catarrhal, no significant effect if given during paroxysmal stage}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic method for B. pertussis{{c1::PCRNATSerology Culture Cough plate - less desirable}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vaccine schedule for BordtellaPrimary series{{c1::2,4,6,15-18 months}}Booster dose{{c1::4-6 years of age}}Adults{{c1::single booster}}
Published	07/30/2024	Malta fever or Undulant fever{{c1::Brucella}}
Published	07/30/2024	What is Brucellosis ?{{c1::Acute bacteremic phase followed by a chronic stage which extends over years and involves many tissues}}
Published	07/30/2024	Brucella generalitiesGram stain: {{c1::Negative}}Motility: {{c1::Negative}}Encapsulation: {{c1::Negative }}O2 requirement: {{c1::Aerobic }}F…
Published	07/30/2024	Reservoir of Brucella{{c1::Livestock animals + dogs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Routes of infection of Brucella {{c1::Ingestion of contaminated milk Droplets Direct contact from infected tissue of animal}}
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Published	07/30/2024	Main histologic reaction in brucellosis:{{c1::Proliferation of mononuclear cellsExudation of fibrin Coagulation necrosis Fibrosis with devel…
Published	07/30/2024	Clinical manifestations of BrucellaAcute stage{{c1::Insidious onset of feverDrenching sweatBody malaiseGi symptoms}}Chronic stage{{c1::Nonspecific fev…
Published	07/30/2024	Brucella are most often isolated from {{c1::bone marrow}} and {{c1::blood}}
Published	07/30/2024	Culture medium for Brucella{{c1::Brucella agarTrypticase soy agarBHICAP}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lab diagnosis of brucellosis is most frequently accomplished by {{c1::serology}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::IgA}} antibodies that interfere with agglutination by IgG and IgM and cause a serologic test to be negative in low serum dilutions (prozone), al…
Published	07/30/2024	Rapid immunocapture agglutination method for Brucella {{c1::Brucellacapt}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Chronic Brucella infection diagnosis1. Agglutination 2. ELISA{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Paired diagnostic test for Brucella infection {{c1::Agglutination and Serologic}}
Published	07/30/2024	Brucella treatmentAcute infection: {{c1::Tetracycline StreptomycinRifampin }}Endocarditis secondary {{c1::RifampacinDoxycyclineAmi…
Published	07/30/2024	Glandular fever, rabbit fever, tick fever, deer fly fever{{c1::Francisella tularensis}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. F. tulrensis subspeciesMost pathogenic in humans A. Tularensis type AB. Holartica type B C. Mediasiatica{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. F. tulrensis subspeciesMild infectionA. Tularensis type AB. Holartica type B C. Mediasiatica{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. F. tulrensis subspeciesAssociated with wild rabbits, ticks, tabanid fliesA. Tularensis type AB. Holartica type B C. Mediasiatica{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mode of transmission of F. tularensis{{c1::Bite from fliesDirect contact Inhalation of aerosolIngestion}}
Published	07/30/2024	F. tularensisGram stain: {{c1::Negative}}Motility: {{c1::Negative }}O2 requirement: {{c1::Strict aerobe}}Ideal media: {{c1::With CysteineGlu…
Published	07/30/2024	BSL for F. tularensis Live culture: {{c1::BSL III}}Clinical specimen: {{c1::BSL II}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Europe , Asia1. Jellison type A2. Jellison type B{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Lethal1. Jellison type A2. Jellison type B{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Milder disease1. Jellison type A2. Jellison type B{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Agglutination testing}} is the standard form of testing F. tularensis
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Brucellae}} antibodies cross react with {{c1::Francisella sp.}}
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Published	07/30/2024	Potential agent of bioterrorism{{c1::F. tularensis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug of choice for F. tularensis {{c1::Streptomycin or gentamicin for 10 days }}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FThere is vaccine for F. tularensis {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Yersinia sp. generalitiesGram stain: {{c1::Negative }}O2 requirement: {{c1::Microaerophilic}}Catalase: {{c1::Positive}}Oxidase: {{c1::Negative}}I…
Published	07/30/2024	Bipolar staining “hairpin like”{{c1::Yersinia}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Yersinia species diseaseCause of bubonic plagueA. Y. pestisB. Y. pseudotuberculosis C. Y. enterocolitica{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Yersinia species diseaseHuman diarrheal symptomsA. Y. pestisB. Y. pseudotuberculosis C. Y. enterocolitica{{c1::B and C}}
Published	07/30/2024	Causative agent of “black plague” or “black death”{{c1::Yersinia pestis}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FMan is definitive host of Y. pestis {{c1::False, rodents}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why Y. pestis potential agent of biowarfare?{{c1::Easily transmitted by aerosol}}
Published	07/30/2024	Encodes for yersiniabactin{{c1::Pathogenicity Island (PAI)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Yersiniabactin}}: Iron-scavenging siderophore
Published	07/30/2024	Contribute to inhibition of phagocytosis of Yersinia sp. {{c1::V and W antigens}}
Published	07/30/2024	Consist of a membrane-spanning complex that allows Yersinia sp. to inject proteins directly into cytoplasm of host cells{{c1::Type III secretion syste…
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Published	07/30/2024	Epidemiology of YersiniaTransmission to humans {{c1::Bite of fleas}} Most common vector{{c1::Rat flea (Xenopsylla)}}Primary enzootic areas{{…
Published	07/30/2024	Explain the bubonic phase of the disease from Yersinia{{c1::Within the lymphatics, it would cause intense hemorrhagic inflammation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Manifestation in ff. phases of Yersinia infection Bubonic: {{c1::Hemorrhagic inflammation in lymphatics}}Septicemic: {{c1::Necrotic lesion in multiple…
Published	07/30/2024	“Black death” phase of Yersinia infection {{c1::Septiciemic - necrosis of skin and organs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cause of pneumonic Yersinia infection {{c1::Direct inhalation of infective droplets}}
Published	07/30/2024	Wright, Giemsa, Wayson, Methylene blue: Bipolar staining → Hairpin-like or safety pin appearance{{c1::Yersinia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Culture for Yersinia Nonsterile site specimen {{c1::Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) agar, 25-28 C}}Hemolysis reaction {{c1::Negativ…
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Y. pestis motility test1. Positive2. Negative {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Y. pestis urease test1. Positive2. Negative {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Y. pestis catalase test1. Positive2. Negative {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Y. pestis oxidase test1. Positive2. Negative {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FThere is vaccine for Yersinia pestis infection{{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug of choice for Y. pestis{{c1::Streptomycin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis mostly stop at the {{c1::mesenteric}} lymph nodes. It is rare for the bacteria to invade the bloodstream c…
Published	07/30/2024	Diseases associated with Y. enterocolitica & Y. pseudotuberculosis{{c1::Mild diarrheaMesenteric adenitisBacteremia BUT RARE}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mesenteric Adenitis secondary to Y. pseudotuberculosis is more commonly seen in {{c1::children}} and {{c1::young adults}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Caused by contaminated RBCs1. Y. enterocolitica2. Y. pseudotuberculosis{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Arthralgia, arthritis, erythema nodosum1. Y. enterocolitica2. Y. pseudotuberculosis{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Urease positive1. Y. pestis2. Y. enterolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cold enrichment of stool (ideal){{c1::Y. enterolitica and pseudotuberculosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bull’s eye colonies with red center{{c1::Y. enterocolitica}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for clinical manifestation of non-Y. pestis speciesMild diarrhea: {{c1::Self limited , not needed treating}}Mesenteric adenitis: {{c1::Surfi…
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Status	Last Update	Fields