Notes in 12 Ovaries and adnexa

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Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::The ovarian}} artery arises from the {{c2::aorta}} to supply the {{c3::lateral}} aspect of the ovary
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::A branch of the uterine}} artery arises from the {{c2::internal iliac artery}} to supply the {{c3::medi…
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Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaIf pregnancy occurs, the {{c2::corpus luteum}} develops into a gland which secretes {{c1::bHCG}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaAn ectopic pregnancy will {{c1::rarely::commonly/rarely}} be IN the ovary.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Adnexal torsion}} results from twisting of the ovarian vascular pedicle.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian torsion occurs commonly in {{c1::reproductive age::age}} women.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaAdnexal torsion occurs {{c1::commonly::commonly/rarely}} in pregnancy.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian torsion occurs more commonly on the {{c1::right::left/right}} because {{c2::the sigmoid col…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA lead point adnexal mass, most commonly a/an {{c1::ovarian dermoid}}, can predipose to {{c2::ovarian torsion…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaPresence of Doppler flow {{c1::does not::does/does not}} exclude ovarian torsion.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Whirlpool}} sign is swirling/twisting of the adnexal vascular pedicle which is highly specific (pathogn…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaFunctional ovarian cysts include: {{c1::follicular}}{{c2::corpus luteal}}{{c3::theca-lutein}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA {{c2::follicular}} cyst results from failed {{c3::ovulation}} of a {{c1::dominant follicle}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA corpus luteal cyst results from failed involution of of a {{c2::corpus luteum}} that is >{{c1:…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaCorpus luteal cysts often appear {{c1::complex::simple/complex}} on ultrasound.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaTheca lutein cysts arise from elevated {{c1::hCG::hormone}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaTheca lutein cysts are often seen in patients with {{c2::molar}} pregnancy, {{c3::multipl…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaHemorrhagic cysts arise from hemorrhage into a {{c1::functional cyst}}, most commonly a {{c2::corpus luteum}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts {{c1::are not::are/are not}} associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaAn ovarian cyst is considered benign if stable in size for {{c1::2 years}} or decreased in size by {{c2::10-1…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSuspected hemorrhagic ovarian cysts >{{c2::5}}cm should have follow up ultrasound in 6-12 weeks to ensure …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaEndometriomas are ectopic {{c1::endometrial}} tissue implants.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaEndometriomas may be solitary or can involve both ovaries {{c1::commonly (30-50%)::commonly/rarely}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOn ultrasound, an endometrioma classically has {{c1::homogenous low-level}} internal echoetexture with poster…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaEndometriomas on MR show T1 {{c2::hyperintensity (due to blood products)::hypo/iso/hyperintensity}}.Classical…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaThree histologic types of primary ovarian neoplasm include {{c1::surface epithelial}}, {{c2::germ cell}} and …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Germ cell::Epithelial/germ cell/sex cord-stromal}} tumors include dermoids (mature cystic teratomas) an…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Struma ovarii}} is a subtype of ovarian teratoma containing mature, functioning {{c2::thyroid}} tissue.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSex cord-stromal tumors include {{c1::fibroma}}, {{c2::thecoma}} and {{c3::fibrothecoma}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c4::Meigs syndrome}} is triad of: Benign {{c1::ovarian fibroma}}{{c2::ascites}}{{c3::right pleura…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSex cord-stromal tumors containing thecal cells (thecoma, fibrothecoma) produce {{c1::estrogen}} and may…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Dermoid cyst}} is the most common ovarian neoplasm.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOn ultrasound, the {{c1::dot-dash pattern}} is short echogenic lines (due to keratin fibers) seen in {{c2::ov…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian dermoid cysts and endometriomas both are T1 hyperintense. However, only {{c1::dermoid cysts}} will su…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaApproximately 90% of malignant ovarian tumors are of what origin? {{c1::Epithelial}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Serous}}, {{c2::mucinous}}, {{c3::endometroid}} and {{c4::clear cell}} are subtypes of epithelial ovari…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Serous cystadenocarcinomas}} are the most common epithelial subtype of ovarian cancer.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian {{c2::mucinous cystadenocarcinomas}} are large, multiloculated cystic masses and most commonly {…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian {{c1::clear cell}} carcinoma and {{c2::endometroid}} carcinoma are associated with endometriosis.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c2::Malignant::Benign/malignant}} germ cell tumors occur in younger patients include dysgerminoma, endoderm…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaMetastases to the ovary may result from which types of cancer?{{c1::gastric}} {{c1::colon}} {{c1::pancreatic}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Krukenberg}} tumor is ovarian metastasis due to mucin producing tumor, typically {{c2::gastric}} or {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaUltrasound findings of {{c1::malignant::benign/malignant}} ovarian mass:{{c2::Mural nodule}}{{c2::Thick irreg…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaStaging of ovarian carcinoma is based on the {{c1::FIGO}} system.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a complication of {{c1::infertility}} treatment.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome}} presents with abdominal pain, {{c2::bilateral symmetric enlargement…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian hyperstimulation syndrome increases risk for {{c2::ovarian torsion}} and {{c1::ectopic}} pregnancy.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Polycystic ovarian syndrome}} is syndrome of obesity, insulin reistance, anovulation and hirsutism (sec…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaRadiographic features of {{c1::polycystic ovarian morphology}} include:{{c3::enlarged (>10mL)}} ovaries{{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaNormal ovaries under the influence of {{c2::oral contraceptives}} can be distinguished from PCOS by {{c1::nor…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c2::Paraovarian}} cysts are simple developmental cysts separate from the ovary.Do not need to be reported u…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Peritoneal inclusion cyst}} is collection of ovarian fluid contained in an adhesion.If there are thick …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaHydrosalpinx is fluid filled fallopian tube {{c1::without::with/without}} internal echoes or comple…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c3::Hematosalpinx}} is blood filled fallopian tube which can be seen in setting of {{c1::endometriosis}} or…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOn days {{c2::5-7::5-7, 8-13, 15-20 or 20-28}} of the menstrual cycle, multiple {{c1::Graafian (<3cm)}} fo…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOn days {{c1::8-13::5-7, 8-13, 15-20 or 20-28}} of the menstrual cycle, one (or more) {{c2::dominant}} follic…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOn day {{c1::14}} of the menstrual cycle, {{c2::ovulation}} occurs.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOn days {{c2::15-20::5-7, 8-13, 15-20 or 20-28}} of the menstrual cycle, the {{c1::corpus luteum}} develops t…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOn days {{c2::20-28::5-7, 8-13, 15-20 or 20-28}} of the menstrual cycle, if pregnancy does not occur, the cor…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA common feature of ovarian torsion on ultrasound is an enlarged, edematous ovary >{{c1::4}}cm in dia…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA common but nonspecific finding of ovarian torsion on ultrasound is {{c1::follicles}} pushed to the peripher…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA common finding of ovarian torsion is {{c1::diminished or absent}} Doppler signal.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaAn acute hemorrhagic ovarian cyst may mimic a solid mass on ultrasound, but can usually be distingu…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaAs the clot in a hemorrhagic ovarian cyst dissolves, the internal echopattern on ultrasound is clas…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA hemorrhagic ovarian cyst {{c1::should not::should/should not}} have internal Doppler flow.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaUltrasound in a premenopausal woman shows an indeterminate but likely benign ovarian…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaUltrasound in a premenopausal woman shows an indeterminate but likely benign ovarian cyst…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaUltrasound in a postmenopausal woman shows an indeterminate but likely benign ovarian cys…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Surface epithelial::Surface epithelial/germ cell/sex cord-stromal}} are the most common histologic type…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian serous cystadenocarcinomas are frequently {{c2::bilateral::unilateral/bilateral}} and appear as mixed…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexa{{c1::Both hematosalpinx and pyosalpinx::Which of hydrosalpinx/hematosalpinx/pyosalpinx}} show a dilated tubu…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaPyosalpinx is pus filled fallopian tube commonly resulting from {{c1::pelvic inflammatory disease}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts in a premenopausal patient:{{c1::<3}}cm {{c2::follow up::do not need t…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts in a premenopausal patient:{{c1::3-5}}cm {{c2::follow up::should be repor…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts in a premenopausal patient:{{c1::5-7}}cm {{c2::follow up::should be follo…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts in a premenopausal patient:{{c1::>7}}cm {{c2::followup::should be foll…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts in a postmenopausal patient:{{c1::1-3}}cm {{c2::follow up::should be repo…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts in a postmenopausal patient:{{c1::3-5}}cm {{c2::follow up::should be foll…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts in a postmenopausal patient:{{c1::>5}}cm {{c2::follow up::should be fo…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaSimple ovarian cysts in a postmenopausal patient:{{c1::<1}}cm {{c2::follow up::do not need …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaDuring ovulation, the {{c3::dominant follicle}} fills with blood and becomes a {{c1::corpus hemorrhagicu…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaAfter ovulation, the fluid-filled but physiologic {{c1::corpus luteum}} may be mistaken for an ectopic p…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaOvarian torsion, as it more clinically occurs on the right side, may clinically mimic {{c1::appendicitis…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaAxial, T{{c1::2}}-weighted MRIDemonstrates an enlarged right ovary displaced into the {{c2::pouch of Dou…
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Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA {{c1::simple ovarian}} cyst is a functional, round/oval {{c2::an}}echoic structure with smooth, i…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA simple ovarian cyst on ultrasound may demonstrate {{c1::posterior acoustic enhancement::arti…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA dominant follicle that has grown to >{{c1::3}}cm is considered a {{c2::follicular cyst (simple…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaA corpus luteal cyst can have variable appearances, but will often look like a {{c1::complex ovaria…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaTheca lutein cysts are often {{c1::multiple::singular/multiple}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaComplex ovarian cysts should be followed {{c1::at least once::How often?}} to ensure resolution.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaThis shows a large, {{c1::complex::simple/complex}} ovarian cyst, {{c1::without::with/without}} flo…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaGold standard diagnosis of endometriosis is {{c1::laparoscopy}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaDermoid cyst and {{c1::teratoma}} are generally interchangeable terms.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaClassic ultrasound appearance of a {{c1::dermoid cyst}} is a complex ovarian cyst with an echogenic {{c2::Rok…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Ovaries and adnexaYellow arrows: {{c2::enhancing adenxal masses}}Red arrow: peritoneal implant in pouch of {{c1::Douglas}}
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