Notes in 03 Thyroid

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: Thyroid{{c4::I-131}} emits both {{c1::beta}} particles and {{c3::364}} keV {{c2::gamma photons}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-131 emits both beta particles and gamma photons but only the {{c1::gamma photons}} are used for imaging
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-131 half-life is {{c1::8 days}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-131 is produced by {{c1::fission}} in a nuclear reactor.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-131 is administered {{c1::orally::route}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-131 is ideal for therapy due to its relatively {{c2::low::high or low}} whole body dose.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-131 indications include treatment of:1) {{c1::Thyroid cancer}} status post {{c2::thyroidectomy}}2) {{c3::Hyperthyroidism}} f…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: Thyroid{{c1::I-123}} decays by {{c2::electron capture}} and emits {{c3::159}} keV gamma photons.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-123 is expensive because it is produced by {{c1::cyclotron}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-123 is administered {{c1::orally::route}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-123 is the preferred radioisotope for {{c1::thyroid imaging}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-123 can obtain thyroid {{c1::uptake}} values.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m emits {{c1::140}} keV gamma photons
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m has a half-life of {{c1::6}} hours
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m is {{c1::generator}}-produced
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m is {{c1::trapped}} but not organified by the thyroid
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m {{c2::is not::is or is not}} organified by the thyroid
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidThyroid uptake is not routinely quantified with {{c1::Tc-99m pertechnetate}} due to its rapid washout.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: Thyroid{{c2::Tc-99m pertechnetate}} is an excellent alternative to {{c1::I-123}} for thyroid imaging
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m pertechnetate has {{c1::low::high or low}} patient dose which allows administration of higher doses.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m pertechnetate permits quicker imaging with less {{c1::motion}} artifact.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m pertechnetate is administered {{c1::intravenously::route}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidIn Tc-99m pertechnetate, {{c1::high::high or low}} background counts are typical.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidIn Tc-99m pertechnetate, {{c1::1–5::range}}% of administered activity is taken up by the {{c2::thyroid}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidThe salivary glands are well seen with {{c1::Tc-99m pertechnetate::I-123/Tc-99m}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m pertechnetate is preferred over I-123 when the patient has received recent {{c1::intravenous iodinated contrast}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m pertechnetate is preferred over I-123 when {{c1::IV::route}} administration is necessary
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTc-99m pertechnetate studies are much {{c1::quicker::slower/quicker}} than I-123
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidRadiotracer type:image 1: {{c1::Tc-99m pertechnetate}}image 2: {{c1::I-123}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidPatients undergoing {{c1::I-123}} or {{c2::I-131}} imaging/therapy must have {{c3::non-suppressed::suppressed or non-suppresse…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidNon-suppressed TSH can be achieved by: 1) Stopping {{c4::exogenous thyroid hormone}} for {{c1::4 weeks}}2) {{c2::Two}} in…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidPatients who received intravenous iodinated contrast should wait {{c1::one month}} before radioiodine imaging.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidThyrotropic agents {{c1::can::can or cannot}} cross the placenta
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidFetal iodine is taken up beginning at {{c1::12}} weeks of gestation.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-{{c1::131}} thryoid radiotracer is contraindicated in pregnancy.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidBreastfeeding mother who requires an {{c2::I-131 ablative::radiotracer}} dose must stop breastfeeding {{c1::permanently (for t…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidBreastfeeding mother who requires an {{c1::I-123}} dose, breastfeeding can be resumed {{c2::two to three days::duration}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidBreastfeeding mother who requires an {{c1::Tc-99m}} dose, breastfeeding can be resumed {{c2::12–24 hours::duration}} afte…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidEither {{c1::I-123}} or {{c1::Tc-99m}} can be used to localize suspected ectopic thyroid tissue
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: Thyroid{{c1::Lingual thyroid}} is ectopic thyroid tissue at the {{c2::base}} of the tongue
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidFunctional thyroid tissue may rarely be seen in an {{c1::ovarian teratoma (struma ovarii)::extra-cervical lesion}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidRetrosternal thyroid tissue is most often due to a {{c1::substernal goiter}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidThyroid nodules are typically only imaged if the cytology is {{c1::indeterminate}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidHyperfunctioning thyroid nodules are almost always {{c1::benign adenomas}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidCold thyroid nodules have approximately 20% risk of {{c1::malignancy}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidThe most common cold thyroid nodule (~70–75%) is a {{c1::benign colloid cyst}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidA warm nodule usually represents a {{c1::cold}} nodule with overlapping {{c2::thyroid tissue}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidA warm nodule requires further investigation such as {{c1::biopsy}} if {{c2::oblique}} views are {{c3::indeterminate}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidA {{c1::discordant}} thyroid nodule is “hot” on {{c2::Tc-99m}} and “cold” on {{c3::I-123}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidA discordant thyroid nodule has maintained the ability to {{c1::trap}} {{c2::pertechnetate}} but is unable to {{c1::organify}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: Thyroid{{c1::Graves disease}} is an autoimmune disorder characterized by {{c2::hyper}}thyroidism, thyromegaly, and often a prominent …
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidIn Graves disease, 24-hour iodine uptake are {{c1::elevated::elevated or decreased}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidIn Graves disease, 6-hour iodine uptake are {{c1::elevated::elevated or decreased}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidNormal 6-hr iodine uptake is {{c1::6–18::range}}% and normal 24–hr iodine uptake is {{c2::10–30::range}}%.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-123 and a Tc-99m scan can be differentiated by the presence of {{c1::salivary}} uptake, but in {{c2::Graves}} disease this d…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidDefinitive treatment of Graves disease is {{c1::I-131 radiotherapy}} or {{c2::surgery}} (less common).
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: Thyroid{{c1::Toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer disease)}} on thyroid scan shows an irregular, {{c2::nodular}} thyroid contour and {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidTreatment options of toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer disease) include: 1) {{c1::antithyroid drugs}} for the {{c2::thyrotoxi…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidMalignancy is relatively {{c1::uncommon::common/uncommon}} in a multinodular goiter.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: Thyroid{{c1::Hashimoto thyroiditis}} is the most common inflammatory disease of the thyroid
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidIn Hashimoto thyroiditis, thyroid hormone levels are {{c1::variable}} depending on the {{c2::disease stage}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidMost patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis are {{c1::hypo}}thyroid.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidThe patchiness seen on thyroid scan of Hashimoto thyroiditis is thought to be due to cold areas from infiltration by {{c2::lym…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidAppearance on thyroid scan of Hashimoto thyroiditis is variable and can show diffusely {{c1::increased::increased/decreas…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidAppearance on thyroid scan of Hashimoto thyroiditis is variable and can show {{c1::patchy}} uptake similar to a multinodu…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidClassical clinical presentation of subacute thyroiditis is a pain{{c1::ful}}, {{c2::swollen}} thyroid gland, though many …
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidImaging of subacute thyroiditis shows {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}} radiotracer uptake and a {{c1::low::high/low}} 24…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidSubacute thyroiditis is often self-limited, but symptoms can be controlled with {{c1::NSAIDs}} or {{c2::steroids (severe …
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidApproximately {{c1::1-2 months::duration}} after thyroidectomy, I-131 is administered to treat and simultaneously image {{c2::…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidFollowing thyroidectomy, {{c1::thyroid replacement}} therapy is withheld to allow {{c2::endogenous TSH}} to increase.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidFollowing thyroidectomy, goal TSH is {{c1::30–50::range}} mIU/mL in order to increase uptake of therapeutic I-131 by residual …
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidThe dosing of I-131 post-thyroidectomy is dependent on the {{c1::oncologic}} risk
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidLow oncologic risk patients in the setting of I-131 dosing are defined as: 1) tumor <{{c1::1.5}} cm2) no invasion of {…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidLow oncologic risk post-thyroidectomy: ≤{{c1::30}} mCi I-131 administered
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidHigh oncologic risk post-thyroidectomy: {{c1::100–200::range}} mCi I-131 administered.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidPost-thyroidectomy, a standard dose of {{c1::30}} mCi of I-131 can be used for treatment of all {{c2::T1}}, {{c3::T2}}, and {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: Thyroid{{c1::Functioning::functioning/non-functioning}} {{c3::lung}} or {{c4::skeletal}} metastases require high doses of I-131, usua…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidIn I-131 therapy, risk of irreversible {{c1::pulmonary fibrosis}} can be minimized by limiting {{c2::whole-body}} retention to…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidIn I-131 therapy, risk of {{c1::bone marrow suppression}} can be minimized by limiting absorbed dose to the {{c2::blood}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidPost-I-131 ablation, patients with thyroid carcinoma are monitored with {{c1::thyroglobulin}} levels.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidThe presence of {{c1::anti-thyroglobulin}} antibodies precludes the ability to monitor the thyroglobulin levels.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidIncreased thyroglobulin levels in thyroid cancer patients s/p ablation necessitates {{c1::I-123 scan}} to evalu…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidPostitive {{c2::I-123}} scan in thyroid cancer patients s/p ablation necessitates repeat {{c3::I-131 radioiodine abl…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidGraves disease is treated with {{c2::a single::#}} oral dose(s) of {{c1::I-131}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidContraindications to I-131 include:{{c1::pregnancy}}{{c2::lactation}}{{c3::inability to comply with radiation safety guideline…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidAdequate dosing of I-131 can treat >{{c1::90}}% of Graves disease patients.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-131 can be used to reduce goiter {{c2::size}}, especially in patients who choose not to undergo {{c1::surgery}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidCompared to Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter is {{c1::more::more/less}} resistant to {{c2::iodine radiotherapy}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidToxic multinodular goiter requires a {{c1::higher::higher/lower}} I-131 dose (20–30 mCi) and often multiple treatments compare…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidSolitary toxic/autonomous thyroid nodules can be successfully treated with {{c1::20–25::range}} mCi of I-131
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidDiscordant thyroid nodules may be malignant, so {{c1::biopsy}} is recommended.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidGraves disease is characterized by {{c5::homo::homo/hetero}}-geneously increased thyroid activity
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidAntithyroid drugs (e.g., methimazole, propylthiouracil) may achieve remission in Graves Disease after {{c1::1-2 years::duratio…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidToxic multinodular goiter is more common in {{c1::middle-aged to elderly women::demographic}}
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidToxic multinodular goiter presents with signs of {{c1::hyper}}-thyroidism
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidToxic multinodular goiter (Plummer disease) thyroid scan corresponds to single or multiple {{c2::hot::hot/cold}} nodules with …
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidToxic multinodular goiter (Plummer disease) shows {{c1::elevated::elevated/depressed}} iodine uptake on thyroid scan
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidDominant cold nodules in multinodular goiter {{c1::should::should/shouldn't}} undergo further investigation.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidSmall nodules in multinodular goiter {{c1::should not::should/shouldn't}} undergo further investigation.
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidGraves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis clinically present with {{c1::enlarged::enlarged/normal-sized}} thyroid
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidCase: hyperthyroidismImage: There is {{c1::diffuse::pattern}} uptake throughout thyroid glandBlue arrow: faint {{c2::pyramidal…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidCase: painful, swollen thyroid glandImage: diffusely {{c1::low::high/low}} uptake with {{c1::very low::high/low}} backgro…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidCase: I-131 ablative therapyBlue arrow: {{c1::large::size}} focus of residual uptake in the thyroid bed with {{c2::mild}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Nuclear Imaging: ThyroidI-131 is ideal for therapy due to its {{c1::high::high or low}} radiation dose to the thyroid.
Status	Last Update	Fields