Notes in II. Congenital anomalies

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Published	12/09/2024	Cyclopamine causes congenital anomalies by: a) Blocking embryonic neural tube closure b) Inhibiting Hedgehog signaling in the embryo c) Disrupting DNA…
Published	12/09/2024	Holoprosencephaly and cyclopia are associated with mutations in which of the following gene families? a) Sonic signaling pathway b) Hedgehog genes c) …
Published	12/09/2024	Cyclopia is described as?
Published	12/09/2024	What is Valproic Acid primarily used for?
Published	12/09/2024	Valproic Acid causes congenital anomalies by disrupting the expression of which critical transcription factors? a) Sonic Hedgehog proteins b) Homeobox…
Published	12/09/2024	Which congenital anomaly is commonly associated with Valproic Acid embryopathy? a) Holoprosencephaly b) Limb patterning abnormalities c) Cleft palate …
Published	12/09/2024	Which structural abnormalities are seen in fetal valproate syndrome? a) Large mouth and long philtrum b) Short nose and anteverted nostrils c) Enlarge…
Published	12/09/2024	Retinoic acid embryopathy results from
Published	12/09/2024	Retinoic acid embryopathy leads to all of the following defects EXCEPT: a) Cleft lip b) Cleft palate c) Limb patterning abnormalities d) Cardiac defec…
Published	12/09/2024	Which condition is NOT commonly linked with maternal retinoic acid use? a) CNS defects b) Craniofacial abnormalities c) Pulmonary atresia d) Cardiac d…
Published	12/09/2024	What is the most significant feature of craniofacial abnormalities seen in retinoic acid embryopathy? a) Macrocephaly b) Cyclopia c) Micrognathia d) C…
Published	12/09/2024	Which of the following is a risk factor for prematurity? a) Gestational diabetes b) Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) c) Overuse of folic…
Published	12/09/2024	What is a significant cause of preterm labor without intact membranes? a) Maternal malnutrition b) Intrauterine infection c) Smoking d) Placental deta…
Published	12/09/2024	Which microorganism is commonly associated with intrauterine infections? a) Staphylococcus aureus b) Mycoplasma hominis c) Escherichia coli d) Klebsie…
Published	12/09/2024	Necrotizing enterocolitis is commonly associated with which condition? a) Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) b) Prematurity c) Vitamin A toxicity d) Umbil…
Published	12/09/2024	In Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR), what is the most common factor associated with Small for Gestational Age (SGA)?
Published	12/09/2024	What are the avoidable maternal factors influencing FGR?
Published	12/09/2024	TORCH infections are a fetal factor influencing FGR. What does the "T" in TORCH stand for?
Published	12/09/2024	Fetal Growth Restriction due to fetal abnormalities tends to result in which growth pattern? a) Symmetric growth restriction b) Asymmetric growth rest…
Published	12/09/2024	Which condition is an example of a placental abnormality causing FGR? a) Single umbilical artery b) Preeclampsia c) Trisomy 18 d) TORCH infection
Published	12/09/2024	What distinguishes placental FGR from fetal FGR?
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