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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/15/2024	What lymph nodes do the vulva, scrotum, distal anus, and distal vagina drain into?{{c1::Superficial inguinal nodes}}
Published	10/15/2024	Interstitial fluid may enter, but not leave, the lymph vessels due to {{c1::one-way flap valves}}
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Painful::Painful or Painless}} lymphadenopathy is usually seen in lymph nodes that are draining a region of acute infection
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity includes macrophages and monocytes? {{c1::Innate immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity includes neutrophils and dendritic cells? {{c1::Innate immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity includes natural killer cells? {{c1::Innate immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Is innate immunity specific or nonspecific? {{c1::Non-specific}}
Published	10/15/2024	Does innate immunity have a memory response?{{c1::No}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity occurs rapidly, over minutes to hours?{{c1::Innate immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity has limited diversity?{{c1::Innate immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Is adaptive immunity specific or nonspecific? {{c1::Highly specific}}
Published	10/15/2024	Does adaptive immunity have a memory response?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity develops over long periods?{{c1::Adaptive immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity has extensive diversity?{{c1::Adaptive immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity includes physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes? {{c1::Innate immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity includes physiologic barriers, such as temperature and pH? {{c1::Innate immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity includes chemical barriers, such as lysozyme and defensins? {{c1::Innate immunity::Innate or adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which primary lymphoid organ is the site for immune cell production?{{c1::Bone marrow}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which primary lymphoid organ is the site of B-cell maturation? {{c1::Bone marrow}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which primary lymphoid organ is the site of T-cell differentiation and maturation? {{c1::Thymus}}
Published	10/15/2024	The {{c1::secondary}} lymphoid organs allow immune cells to react with antigen
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the head and neck? {{c1::Cervical}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the lungs? {{c1::Hilar}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the trachea and esophagus? {{c1::Mediastinal}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the upper limb and breast? {{c1::Axillary}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the skin above the umbilicus? {{c1::Axillary}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the stomach, spleen, liver, and pancreas? {{c1::Celiac}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the upper duodenum? {{c1::Celiac}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the lower duodenum? {{c1::Superior mesenteric}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the jejunum and ileum? {{c1::Superior mesenteric}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the proximal colon up to the splenic flexure? {{c1::Superior mesenteric}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum? {{c1::Inferior mesenteric nodes}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the bladder? Superior portion: {{c1::external iliac}}Inferior portion: {{c1::internal iliac}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the prostate? {{c1::Internal iliac}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster(s) drain(s) the cervix? {{c1::Internal and external iliac}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the kidney? {{c1::Para-aortic}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster(s) drain(s) the uterus? {{c1::Para-aortic and external iliac}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the skin below the umbilicus? {{c1::Superficial inguinal}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the dorsolateral foot? {{c1::Popliteal}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which lymph node cluster drains the posterior calf? {{c1::Popliteal}}
Published	10/15/2024	The {{c1::right lymphatic}} duct drains lymph from the right side of the body above the diaphragm
Published	10/15/2024	The {{c2::thoracic}} duct drains most lymph into the junction of the {{c1::left subclavian}} and {{c1::left internal jugular veins}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity responds to antigens with antibodies from plasma cells? {{c1::Humoral immunity::Humoral or Cell-mediated}}
Published	10/15/2024	Humoral immunity is used to defend against {{c1::extra}}cellular agents
Published	10/15/2024	Is humoral immunity primarily mediated by B-cells or T-cells?{{c1::B-cells}}
Published	10/15/2024	Which type of immunity responds to antigens with activated cytotoxic T-cells? {{c1::Cell-mediated immunity::Humoral or Cell-mediated}}
Published	10/15/2024	Cell-mediated immunity is used to defend against {{c1::intra}}cellular agents
Published	10/15/2024	Is cell-mediated immunity primarily mediated by B-cells or T-cells?{{c1::T-cells}}
Published	10/15/2024	In which type of immunity is microbial resistance not heritable?{{c1::Adaptive immunity::Innate or Adaptive}}
Published	10/15/2024	Does the medial tract of the superficial lymphatic system of the lower extremity bypass the popliteal nodes?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	10/15/2024	Does the lateral tract of the superficial lymphatic system of the lower extremity bypass the popliteal nodes?{{c1::No}}
Published	10/15/2024	What lymph node cluster drains the apex of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and lower lip?{{c1::Submental lymph nodes}}
Published	10/15/2024	What lymph node cluster drains the cheeks, gums, anterior tongue, anterior nasal cavity, and soft tissue of the midface?{{c1::Submandibular lymph node…
Published	10/15/2024	What lymph node cluster drains the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and auditory tubes?{{c1::Retropharyngeal lymph nodes}}
Published	10/15/2024	What lymph node cluster drains the oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx?{{c1::Upper jugular chain nodes}}
Published	10/15/2024	Naive B-cells migrate to {{c1::secondary}} lymphoid organs
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Published	10/15/2024	The three layers in a tube of centrifuged blood are the {{c1::RBC}} layer at the bottom, the {{c1::“buffy coat”}} layer (composed of WBCs and platelet…
Published	10/15/2024	The blood cells can be divided into {{c1::erythrocytes}}, {{c1::leukocytes}}, and {{c1::platelets}}
Published	10/15/2024	White blood cells are called {{c1::leukocytes}}
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Monocytes}} lack granules and function to {{c1::phagocytose}} pathogens and foreign material as they float around in the blood
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Lymphocytes}} differentiate into T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells
Published	10/15/2024	Key to the immunosuppression seen in patients with {{c1::HIV/AIDS}} infection is a deficiency of a subset of lymphocytes
Published	10/15/2024	The granulocyte group of leukocytes contains specific {{c2::cytoplasmic granules}} essential to their role in the {{c1::innate}} immune system.
Published	10/15/2024	Platelets fragments of cytoplasm shed off of larger parent cells called {{c1::megakaryocytes}} that reside in the {{c1::bone marrow}}
Published	10/15/2024	Water, proteins, and inorganic salts (which account for about 92%, 7%, and 1% of volume, respectively) are the main components of {{c1::plasma}}.
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Albumin}} actually draws fluid {{c2::into}} the capillaries from the tissues
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Immunoglobulins (antibodies)}}are the second most abundant plasma protein. They are made by B lymphocytes and are part of the body’s immune…
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Coagulation factors}} are proteins that work with platelets to clot blood
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Clotting factors}} are found in plasma but not serum.
Published	10/15/2024	added anticoagulants are needed when separating {{c1::plasma}} from whole blood
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Plasma fractionation}} separates plasma’s key components so that they can be used to treat specific medical problems
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis)}} is the continuous removal of blood from the body, separation of it into plasma and cells, and replacement of …
Published	10/15/2024	Plasma exchange is used for rare blood conditions, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, {{c1::multiple myeloma}}, and lymphoplasmacytic lymp…
Published	10/15/2024	By volume, blood is approximately {{c1::55}}% plasma and {{c1::45}}% RBCs
Published	10/15/2024	Purposes of the immune system include:To defend against {{c1::pathogens }}(eg, bacteria, viruses, parasites)To defend against {{c1::malfunctionin…
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Autoimmune diseases}}—such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or {{c1::Guillain-Barre syndrome}}—occur when the normal immune res…
Published	10/15/2024	All cells of the immune system are derived from {{c1::hematopoietic}} stem cells
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Published	10/15/2024	The barriers created by the innate immune system, primarily the epithelial barriers like {{c1::skin and the linings of your gastrointestinal and respi…
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Published	10/15/2024	Adaptive immunity is {{c1::slower}} than the innate immunity
Published	10/15/2024	These are properties of the {{c1::adaptive}} immune system Specificity and specializationDiversityMemoryClonal expansionContraction and…
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Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::macrophages}} play a role in proper tissue healing. They do this by phagocytosing dead pathogens and tissues
Published	10/15/2024	After infection resolves, the vast majority of plasma cells will die off through {{c1::apoptosis}}
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Dendritic}} cells at epithelial tissues normally phagocytose microbes and travel to lymph tissues to present these antigens to T cells
Published	10/15/2024	The {{c1::adaptive}} immune system is made up of lymphocytes and antibodies.The {{c1::adaptive}} immune system is slow but is specific, spec…
Published	10/15/2024	The {{c1::humoral}} adaptive immune system, made up of B cells and antibodies, produces antibodies that indirectly and directly attack pathogens.
Published	10/15/2024	The {{c1::cellular adaptive immune system}} contains CD4+ cells that modulate the immune system, CD8+ cells that directly attack c…
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Lymph}} is a relatively cell-poor, clear fluid that has a protein composition somewhat similar to that of plasma.
Published	10/15/2024	Even though most lymph is clear, that in the lymphatic vessels that drain the {{c1::small intestine}} lymph instead appears {{c1::milky whit…
Published	10/15/2024	This movement of interstitial fluid is governed by a delicate balance of {{c2::hydrostatic}} (pressure-based) and {{c2::oncotic }}(osmolality-bas…
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Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Lymphedema}} is characterized by swelling ({{c1::edema}}), usually observed in one or more limbs or sometimes the trunk or genitalia
Published	10/15/2024	Persistent lymphedema can lead to {{c1::elephantiasis}}, the formation of leathery, thick skin over the affected areas
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Lymph nodes}} have two main functions: to orchestrate immune responses against foreign invaders and to filter lymph
Published	10/15/2024	Lymph nodes are encapsulated aggregates of {{c1::lymphocytes}}—B cells and T cells—that receive lymph from tissues, trap antigens, and …
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Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Supratrochlear}}: forearm and hand
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::Hilar}}: Lungs
Published	10/15/2024	Lymphatic vessels have {{c1::one way valves}} that prevent backflow, and some have a layer of smooth muscle that helps move lymph by {{c2::peristalsis…
Published	10/15/2024	{{c1::cysterna chyli}} is a sac at the lower (inferior) end of the thoracic duct
Published	10/15/2024	Lymph nodes {{c1::filter}} lymph, help fight infectious agents, and drive immune responses against {{c2::malignant}} cells
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