Notes in 13Respiratory

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pulmonary ventilation}} is the movement of air into and out of the lungs
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::External respiration}} is the gas exchage between pulmonary blood and lung alveoli
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Internal respiration}} is the gas exchage between systemic blood and tissue cells
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Transport of respiratory gases}} is the displacement of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the pumping of the heart
Published	07/30/2024	The process where glucose is converted to ATP in the cells{{c1::Cellular respiration}}
Published	07/30/2024	Functional zones of the respiratory system{{c1::1. Conducting zone2. Respiratory zone}}
Published	07/30/2024	Airway zone that carry air but without gas exchange{{c1::Conducting zone}}
Published	07/30/2024	Respiratory passageway where gas exchange occurs{{c1::Respiratory zone}}
Published	07/30/2024	The Respiratory zone consists of:{{c1::Respiratory bronchiolesAlveolar ductsAlveolar sacs}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::nose}} is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system.
Published	07/30/2024	The structures of the nose are divided into 2{{c1::1. External nose2. Nasal cavity}}
Published	07/30/2024	What makes up the external nose?Superiorly{{c1::Frontal bone, nasal bone}}Laterally{{c1::Maxillary bone (frontal process)}}Inferiorly{{c1::Hyaline car…
Published	07/30/2024	The anterior margin of the nose is called the {{c1::dorsum nasi}}
Published	07/30/2024	What forms the dorsum nasi?{{c1::Septal cartilage}}
Published	07/30/2024	It is the tip of the nose{{c1::Apex}}
Published	07/30/2024	What forms the apex of the nose{{c1::Major alar cartilage}}
Published	07/30/2024	What forms the ala of the nose{{c1::Dense fibrous connective tissue}}
Published	07/30/2024	The lateral borders of the nostril is called the {{c1::ala}}
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Published	07/30/2024	"nostrils" are called the {{c1::external nares}}
Published	07/30/2024	What forms the nasal septum{{c1::1. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone2. Vomer3. Septal cartilage}}
Published	07/30/2024	The nasal cavity is posteriorly continuous with the {{c1::nasopharynx}} through the {{c2::posterior nasal apertures*}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bones that forms the roof of the nasal cavity{{c1::1. Ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)2. Sphenoid bone::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	What forms the floor of the nasal cavity{{c1::Palatine processes of maxillaHorizontal plates of palatine bone}}
Published	07/30/2024	Divisions of the palate{{c1::Hard palate*Soft palate}}
Published	07/30/2024	The nasal cavity just superior tot he nostrils is called the {{c1::vestibule}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nose hairs are called{{c1::vibrissae}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two types of mucosae in the nasal cavity{{c1::1. Olfactory mucosa2. Respiratory muscosa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Glands in the respiratory mucosa are what type{{c1::compound tubuloalveolar glands}}
Published	07/30/2024	compound tubuloalveolar glands in the respiratory mucosa contain what cells{{c1::1. Mucus cells2. Serous cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cell in the compound tubuloalveolar glands in the respiratory mucosa that secrete mucus{{c1::Mucus cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cell in the compound tubuloalveolar glands in the respiratory mucosa that secrete watery fluid with digestive enzymes{{c1::Serous cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rhinitis}} is inflammation of the nasal mucosa
Published	07/30/2024	The nasal muscosa receives sensory innervation from the {{c1::CNV}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Epistaxis}} "nosebleed"
Published	07/30/2024	Most epistaxis is from the highly vascularized {{c1::anterior part of the nasal septum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Medial bony projections from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity{{c1::Nasal conchae}}
Published	07/30/2024	The following conchae are part of theSuperior - {{c1::ethmoid bone}}Middle - {{c1::ethmoid bone}}Inferior - {{c1::a different bone altogether}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::meatus}} is the groove {{c1::beneath::above/beneath}} each nasal conchae
Published	07/30/2024	The nasal mucosa {{c2::lose::gain/lose}} heat and moisture during {{c1::inhalation::inhalation/exhalation}}
Published	07/30/2024	The nasal mucosa {{c2::gain::gain/lose}} heat and moisture during {{c1::exhalation::inhalation/exhalation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Air filled cavities surrounding the nasal cavity{{c1::Paransal sinus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Paranasal sinuses (4){{c1::1. Frontal sinus2. Sphenoid sinus3. Ethmoid sinus4. Maxillary sinus}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sinusitis}} Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Published	07/30/2024	Respiratory structures lined with respiratory muscosa{{c1::1. Nasal cavity2. Nasal conchae3. Paranasal sinuses4. Nasopharyx}}
Published	07/30/2024	Functions of the respiratory muscosa{{c1::WarmFilterMoisten inhaled air}}
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Published	07/30/2024	Span of the {{c2::pharynx}}from the:{{c1::Base of skull}}to the:{{c1::level of CV6}}
Published	07/30/2024	Divisions of the pharynx{{c1::NasopharynxOropharynxLaryngopharynx}}
Published	07/30/2024	T/FThe cells making up mucosal lining of the pharynx is uniform all throughout{{c1::F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Closes off the nasopharynx from food during swallowing{{c1::Soft palate and uvula}}
Published	07/30/2024	Epithelium type of the pharynxNasopharynx - {{c1::ciliated pseudostratified}}Oropharynx - {{c1::stratified squamous}}Laryngopharynx - {{c1::stratified…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Phayngeal tonsils}} aka {{c2::adenoids}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::pharyngotympanic tube}} drains the {{c3::middle ear}} and opens intot he latereal wall of the {{c1::nasopharynx}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fauces}} "the opening of throat"
Published	07/30/2024	Span of the nasopharynxFrom:{{c1::Base of skull}}To:{{c1::uvula, level of soft palate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Span of the oropharynxFrom:{{c1::level of soft palate}}To:{{c1::level of epiglottis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Span of the laryngopharynxFrom:{{c1::level of epiglottis}}To:{{c1::inferior edge of the cricoid cartilage}}
Published	07/30/2024	T/FThe laryngopharynx is continuous with BOTH the esophagus and larynx{{c1::T}}
Published	07/30/2024	Span of the larynxfrom the:{{c1::level of CV4}}to the:{{c1::level of CV6}}
Published	07/30/2024	The larynx is attached to the superiorly:{{c1::hyoid bone}} and opens into the... inferiorly{{c1::laryngopharynx}}
Published	07/30/2024	Functions of the larynx (3):{{c1::1. Vocalization2. Open airway3. Switching mechanism}}
Published	07/30/2024	The larynx is an arrangement of how many cartilages?{{c1::9}}
Published	07/30/2024	9 cartilages of the larynx{{c1::1. Epiglottis2. Thyroid cartilage3. Corniculate cartilage (2)4. Arytenoid carilage (2)5. Cuneiform cartilage (2)6. Cri…
Published	07/30/2024	The anterior ridge of the thyroid carilage{{c1::Laryngeal prominence}}
Published	07/30/2024	The only laryngeal cartilage that forms a complete ring{{c1::Cricoid cartilage}}
Published	07/30/2024	Laryngeal cartilages that anchor the vocal cords{{c1::Arytenoid cartilages, thyroid carilage}}
Published	07/30/2024	The stalk of the epiglottis is attached anteriorly to the:{{c1::internal aspect of the angle of thyroid cartilage}}superoposteriorly to the:{{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	Movement of the follownig during swalloingEpiglottis → {{c1::tips inferiorly}}Entire larynx → {{c1::is pulled superiorly}}
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Published	07/30/2024	The vocal folds run anteriorlyfrom:{{c1::arytenoid carilages}}to:{{c1::thyroid cartilage}}
Published	07/30/2024	The vocal ligaments of the vocal folds composed largely of {{c1::elastic fibers}}
Published	07/30/2024	What comprises the {{c2::glottis}}{{c1::1. Vocal folds2. Rima glottidis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vocal ligaments running from the arytenoid cartilages to the thyroid carilage through which sound is produced{{c1::Vocal folds}}
Published	07/30/2024	The medial opening between the vocal folds is called {{c1::rima glotidis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pair of horizontal mucosal folds directly superior to the vocal folds that plays no part in sound production{{c1::Vestibular folds}}
Published	07/30/2024	Epithelium lining of the larynx is made up ofSuperior part - {{c1::stratified squamous}}Inferior to the vocal folds - {{c1::pseudostrastified ciliated…
Published	07/30/2024	Inferior to the {{c1::vocal folds}} the epithelium lining of the larynx becomes pseudostrastified ciliated columnar rather than stratified sqamous
Published	07/30/2024	The stroke of cilia in the larynx is {{c1::upward::upward/downward}}
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Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Intrinsic laryngeal muscles}} mostly move the {{c1::arytenoid cartilages::cartilage}} to change the length of the vocal folds
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Pitch}} is determined by the {{c1::length/tension}} of the vocal folds
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Vocal fold tension2. Pitch{{c1::increase in 1 → increase in 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QCSpeed of vibration (hence pitch)1. Longer vocal folds2. Shorter vocal folds{{c1::1 < 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	T/FThe vocal folds do not move AT ALL when we whisper{{c1::T}}
Published	07/30/2024	During abdominal straining, the {{c1::glottis}} closes to prevent {{c2::exhalation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Innervation of the larynx{{c1::1. Superior laryngeal branch of CNX2. Right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves (of X)3. Pharyngeal branch of CNX***}}
Published	07/30/2024	T/FIf both reccurent laryngeal nerves are transected, speech except for whispering is lost ENTIRELY{{c1::T}}
Published	07/30/2024	The trachae branches into the two {{c1::primary bronchi}}
Published	07/30/2024	It marks the point where the trachea branches into the two main (primary bronchi){{c1::carina}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Carina}} is the ridge in the internal aspect of the last tracheal cartilage
Published	07/30/2024	Often where the cough reflex originates{{c1::Mucosa of the carina}}
Published	07/30/2024	How many hyaline cartilages does the trachea contain{{c1::16 to 20}}
Published	07/30/2024	The cartilages of the trachea are open at the {{c1::posterior::orientation}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::trachialis}} in the open parts of the tracheal cartilage rings abut the {{c2::esophagus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Contraction of the trachealis {{c1::decreases::increases/decreases}} the diameter of the trachea
Published	07/30/2024	In cricothyroid tracheotomy the incision is made through the {{c1::cricothyroid ligament}}
Published	07/30/2024	Layers of the trachea{{c1::1. Mucosa (+lamina propria)2. Submucosa3. Fibromusculocartilaginous layer (Adventitia *)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Stroke of cilia of the trachea is {{c1::upward}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c3::lamina propria}} of the trachea is separated from the {{c1::submucosa}} by a sheet of {{c2::elastin}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Elastin*}} enables the trachea to stretch during inhalation and recoil during exhalation
Published	07/30/2024	Where the seromucous glands are{{c1::Submucosa::layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	External layer of connective tissue of the fibromusculocartilaginous layer of the trachea{{c1::Adventitia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Forms the {{c2::fibromucuslocartilaginous layer}} of the trachea{{c1::1. Fibroelastic connective tissue*2. Trachealis3. Cartilagenous rings}}
Published	07/30/2024	Surfaces of the lung{{c1::1. Costal surfance2. Medial (mediastinal) surface3. Base4. Apex}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels and nerve enter and exit the lung {{c1::hilum}}
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