Notes in 08MusculoskeletalDiseases

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Osteomyelitis::MSK Disease}}Severe infection of the bone, bone marrow, and surrounding tissues commonly caused by {{c1::Staphylococcus aure…
Published	07/30/2024	[Osteomyelitis] Classification according to MECHANISM OF INVASION{{c1::Indirect (hemtagenous)}} -  Affects growing bones in young boys …
Published	07/30/2024	[Osteomyelitis] Classification according to MECHANISM OF INVASION{{c3::Direct}} - Occurs at any age when there is open wound or foreign…
Published	07/30/2024	[Osteomyelitis] Classification ACCORDING TO TEMPORAL PROFILE{{c1::Acute}} - Initial infection or infection for {{c2::<1 month}}{{c1::Chro…
Published	07/30/2024	[Osteomyelitis] PathophysiologyDue to the hematogenous routes, infection affects {{c1::epiphyseal area}} of the bone
Published	07/30/2024	[Osteomyelitis] Management: {{c1::Antibiotics::pharmacological}}
Published	07/30/2024	If a patient scores {{c2::0-2}} in a manual muscle test, we suspect {{c1::muscular dystrophy and stroke.::2 complications}}
Published	07/30/2024	c357ef350a4c49d9a2d706af4bec6bd5-oa-1
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Gouty}} arthritis is related to high levels of {{c1::uric acid (hyperuricemia)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Osteosarcoma::MSK Disease}} is an aggressive primary bone tumor that rapidly metastasizes {{c2::hematogenously::method}} and mostly affects {{c3…
Published	07/30/2024	[unilateral/bilateral]Muscle strength is affected by stroke {{c1::unilaterally}} while metabolic conditions (hypoglycemia, anemia) affect it {{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Paget's disease}} is an abnormality caused by increased rate of turnover of new bones to replace older bones
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry/DEXA::Diagnostic Test}} - Assesses the amount of bone demineralization especially among
Published	07/30/2024	[Osteosarcoma] Risk Factors aside from family history:{{c1::Previous radiation therapy::activity}}{{c1::Paget’s disease::disease}}{{c1::Retinoblastoma…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ultrasound::Diagnostic Test}} - Mainly for the muscles, Checks for evidences of hematoma and muscle tears
Published	07/30/2024	In osteosarcoma, bone or joint pain {{c1::is not::is/is not}} relieved by usual pain medications
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lupus panel, Antibody titer, Immunologic markers::3 Diagnostic Tests}} - Evaluates patients with immunologic or rheumatologic conditions; For pa…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Serum chemistry::Diagnostic Test}} - Mainly used for checking calcium and vitamin D levels, which are important for bone metabolism
Published	07/30/2024	[Osteosarcoma]Metastasis (20%) upon diagnosis located in the {{c1::liver or lung::2 areas}}  --> Management is {{c2::pallative only}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Diuretics::drug class}} {{c1::increase::increase/decrease}} the risk for gouty arthritis.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Arthrocentesis::Diagnostic Test}} - Fluid is aspirated from the synovial area within the joint, Usually done in patients with {{c2::gout::MSK di…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Arthroscopy::Diagnostic Test}} - Assists in visualizing the structures that form the joint; checks for tears
Published	07/30/2024	Best treatment for osteosarcoma especially in early stages: {{c1::Surgery}}
Published	07/30/2024	Foods/drinks that can trigger gout:{{c1::alcoholic beverages}}{{c1::red meat}}{{c1::legumes}}{{c1::seafood}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Urate crystals}} will cause inflammation that will lead to acute gout
Published	07/30/2024	Gout stages [in order]{{c1::High uric acid}}{{c1::Acute Flares}}{{c1::Intercritical}}{{c1::Advanced Gout}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gout stage: {{c1::High uric acid}}Symptoms: hyperuricemia but not symptoms
Published	07/30/2024	Gout stage: {{c1::Advanced gout}}Symptoms: tophi + frequent flares
Published	07/30/2024	Common sites/joints involved in goutA. Most common - {{c1::first toe (podagra)}}B. Common - {{c2::ankles}}, {{c2::knees}}, {{c2::elbows}}C. Least Comm…
Published	07/30/2024	948f27dc94064343bcfa3d118c74de0c-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	948f27dc94064343bcfa3d118c74de0c-ao-2
Published	07/30/2024	948f27dc94064343bcfa3d118c74de0c-ao-3
Published	07/30/2024	948f27dc94064343bcfa3d118c74de0c-ao-4
Published	07/30/2024	948f27dc94064343bcfa3d118c74de0c-ao-5
Published	07/30/2024	948f27dc94064343bcfa3d118c74de0c-ao-6
Published	07/30/2024	948f27dc94064343bcfa3d118c74de0c-ao-7
Published	07/30/2024	Type of fracture: {{c1::Oblique}}Description: Fractures run in a transverse/ diagonal pattern
Published	07/30/2024	Type of fracture: {{c1::Transverse}}Description: Fracture runs across or at a 90-degree angle; Fracture is throughout its diameter or girth
Published	07/30/2024	Type of fracture: {{c1::Longitudinal}}Description: Fracture runs the length of the bone
Published	07/30/2024	Type of fracture: {{c1::Spiral}}Description: Fractures twist around the bone; Forms a spiral or winding pattern across the bone
Published	07/30/2024	Type of fracture: {{c1::Comminuted}}Description: Bone is crushed into several fragments
Published	07/30/2024	Type of fracture: {{c1::Pathologic}}Description: Fracture is associated with a medical condition or secondary cause (e.g. secondary to osteo…
Published	07/30/2024	Type of fracture: {{c1::Stress}}Description: Wear and tear; the fracture is seen in the {{c2::distal phalanx of the lower extremity.::locati…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Displaced::displaced/nondisplaced}} Fractures: Two ends separated from one another
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Displaced::displaced/nondisplaced}} Fractures: Common for long bones
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Displaced::displaced/nondisplaced}} Fractures: Could also be a complete fracture
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nondisplaced::displaced/nondisplaced}} Fractures: Bone is aligned and periosteum is intact
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nondisplaced::displaced/nondisplaced}} Fractures: Could be an incomplete fracture. Integrity of bone is intact.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hypotension and tachycardia::2 clinical CV manifestations of fracture}} are usually seen in patients with complete fracture, whether open or clo…
Published	07/30/2024	The bone is {{c1::highly::highly/not that}} vascular
Published	07/30/2024	fracture hematomagranulation tissuecallus formationossificationconsolidationremodeling
Published	07/30/2024	A healed bone from a fracture is {{c1::stronger::stronger/weaker}} than the original bone.
Published	07/30/2024	Stage of the healing process in fractures: {{c1::Fracture Hematoma}}Description: Initial Stage; Involves Tissue Swelling; {{c2::Clot}} formation …
Published	07/30/2024	Stage of the healing process in fractures: {{c1::Granulation tissue, calus formation, ossification}}Description: Stages wherein there is stimulat…
Published	07/30/2024	Stage of the healing process in fractures: {{c1::Consolidation}}Description: Due to the release of bone forming cells
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Age2. Healing time of fractures{{c1::A, inc in (1) leads to inc in (2)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Closed Reduction::fracture management}}: Bones are realigned using only the physician’s hands
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Open Reduction::fracture management}}: Bone is aligned and stabilized by placing implants such as screws or wires
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Traction::fracture management}} devices aid in the alignment of bones
Published	07/30/2024	62038af54eae41178163ded3ea2064ad-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	62038af54eae41178163ded3ea2064ad-ao-2
Published	07/30/2024	62038af54eae41178163ded3ea2064ad-ao-3
Published	07/30/2024	62038af54eae41178163ded3ea2064ad-ao-4
Published	07/30/2024	62038af54eae41178163ded3ea2064ad-ao-5
Published	07/30/2024	62038af54eae41178163ded3ea2064ad-ao-6
Published	07/30/2024	62038af54eae41178163ded3ea2064ad-ao-7
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of cast below: {{c1::Sugar-tong splint}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of cast below: {{c1::Posterior splint}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dry::Dry/Wet}} Cast: odorles and appears white and shiny
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dry::Dry/Wet}} Cast: resonant on percussion
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dry::Dry/Wet}} Cast: firm, hard, and rough texture
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Wet::Dry/Wet}} Cast: dull on percussion
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Wet::Dry/Wet}} Cast: musty odor, grey, and damp to touch
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Osteoporosis::MSK disease}}: Chronic, progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by porous bone, low bone mass, low bone mineral dens…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Females::gender}} are more at risk for osteoporosis as their bone resorption begins earlier and accelerates after {{c2::menopause}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Men at ages of 70 and above::gender and age}} are more at risk for osteoporosis due to {{c2::low::low/high}} testosterone levels.
Published	07/30/2024	People with insufficient {{c1::calcium::body mineral}} intake are more at risk for osteoporosis
Published	07/30/2024	People with long-term use of {{c1::corticosteroids, thyroid replacement, and antiseizure drugs::3 drugs}} are more at risk for osteoporosis
Published	07/30/2024	Peak bone mass is achieved before {{c1::age 20::age}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hyper::hyper/hypo}}throidism is associated with osteoporosis.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hypo::hyper/hypo}}gonadism is associated with osteoporosis.
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Oxidative stress2. Bone formation{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Bone marrow adiposity2. Proinflammatory cytokines{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Estrogen deficiency2. Bone resorption{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Vitamin D insufficiency2. Bone resorption{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::RANKL::regulator gene}} stimulates {{c2::osteoclast::cell}} formation and activity → {{c2::increased::increase/decrease}} bone resorption
Published	07/30/2024	Can you detect osteoporosis early?{{c1::No::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	What are the first signs of osteoporosis?{{c1::back pain and spontaneous fractures::2 signs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Management of osteoporosis include the administration of what drugs?{{c1::• Bisphosphonate • Estrogen • Calcitonin (to patients with hyperca…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::allopurinol}} - prevents formation of uric acid for gout
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs to treat pain and inflammation associated with gouty arthritis: {{c1::NSAIDs and corticosteroids}}
Published	07/30/2024	Non-pharmacologic interventions to gout include {{c1::lifestyle modifications}}, {{c1::surgery}}, and {{c1::arthrocentesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Heberden's}} and {{c1::Bouchard's nodes}} are red, swollen, and tender visible disfigurement on OA because of osteophyte formation and loss of j…
Published	07/30/2024	Do Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes cause significant loss of function?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Heberden's nodes are usually found in the {{c1::DIPJ}}while Bouchard's nodes are usually found in the {{c1::PIPJ}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes grow bigger? {{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	In patients with OA, {{c1::bone spurs}} are seen in imaging (usually x-ray)
Published	07/30/2024	OA patients may experience early morning stiffness that usually resolves within {{c1::30}} minutes
Published	07/30/2024	Overactivity in OA patients can cause mild {{c1::joint effusion}}, which temporarily inceases stiffness
Published	07/30/2024	Something to look out for in diagnosing OA{{c1::crepitations}}
Published	07/30/2024	OA usually affects joints {{c1::asymmetrically::symmetrically/asymmetrically}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the patient is left-handed, the left shoulder joint will be more commonly stiff {{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the stage of OA based on the following signs:{{c1::Early}}: erosion, wear & tear, affecting articular cartilage
Published	07/30/2024	In elderly female OA patients, {{c1::NSAIDs::medication}} are usually prescribed
Published	07/30/2024	About 80% of OA patients show symptoms by age {{c1::70}}
Published	07/30/2024	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is more common in {{c1::females::males/females}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serum chemistry tests performed in OA patients are {{c1::calcium}} and {{c1::vitamin D}} assays. If there is an imbalance between the two, ask if the …
Published	07/30/2024	Factors that may cause flares in systemic lupus erythematosus:- {{c1::stress}}- {{c1::infections}}- {{c1::noncompliance with medications}}
Published	07/30/2024	OA management focuses on {{c1::nonpharmacologic interventions}}
Published	07/30/2024	If pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions are ineffective on an OA patient, {{c1::arthroscopic surgery}} is performed
Published	07/30/2024	Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are suspected to be taking {{c1::more than 5::number}} medications to treat the problems of various organ s…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pregnant}} patients with SLE may need particular monitoring.
Published	07/30/2024	Manifestations of RA are usually {{c1::bilateral (symmetrical)::bilateral/unilateral}}, {{c2::systemic::local/systemic}}, and inflammatory
Published	07/30/2024	Systemic lupus erythematosus may appear at any age, but is usually between ages {{c1::30-40 y/o::range}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Progression of RA:{{c1::Synovitis}}: inflammation of joints leading to pannus formation{{c1::Fibrosis}}: cob-web like appearance{{c1::Ankylossis}}: de…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Females::Males/Females}} are more affected by RA
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the Stage of RA based on the following description:Body attacks its own joint tissue{{c1::Stage 1::Stage}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the stage of RA based on the following description:Body creates antibodies. Joints start swelling up{{c1::Stage 2::Stage}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the stage of RA based on the following description:No joint remaining at all; it is essentially fused{{c1::Stage 4::Stage}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the stage of RA based on the following description:Joints become bent and deformed, manifesting a Prayer sign that presses on the nerves{{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	In RA patients, is joint stiffness worse in/at the {{c1::morning::morning/night}}
Published	07/30/2024	In RA patients, is joint stiffness occurs after {{c1::inactivity::activity/inactivity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Systemic symptoms in RA include: {{c1::fatigue, fever, anorexia, malaise::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	RA Manifestations:{{c1::Boutonniere deformity}}: PIP flexion and DIP hyperextension
Published	07/30/2024	RA Manifestations:{{c1::Swan neck deformity}}: PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion
Published	07/30/2024	Basis of RA diagnosis: {{c1::History and PE}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP, anti-nuclear body (ANA)::3 Diagnostic Tests}} - Specific antibody tests performed to diagnose RA
Published	07/30/2024	RA management tool for pain: {{c1::NSAIDs}}
Published	07/30/2024	RA management tool for inflammation: {{c1::Corticosteroids}}
Published	07/30/2024	RA management tool to control autoimmune activity: {{c1::DMARDs (Methotrexate)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Give one example of DMARDs: {{c1::Methotrexate}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Idiopathic}} OA or Primary OA has no identifiable cause
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Secondary}} OA is the most common form of OA that is caused inflammation, trauma, mechanical stress, joint instability, neurological disorders, …
Published	07/30/2024	Single cause for OA: {{c1::Checkmate, there is none haha. Hasn't been identified. Only associated facotrs are identified}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR:1. Estrogen2. OA risk{{c1::B; Increase in 1 leads to decrease in 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR:1. Menopause2. OA risk{{c1::A; Increase in 1 leads to increase in 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Patients with OA have pain reffered to the {{c1::groin, buttock, medial side of the thigh, or knee::possible areas}}
Published	07/30/2024	OA early morning stiffness usually resolves within {{c1::30 minutes::time}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the stage of OA based on the following signs:{{c1::Moderate}}: cartilage affected
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the stage of OA based on the following signs:{{c1::Advanced}}: presence of bone spurs in x-ray; painful when they touch the skin
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Antinuclear antibody (ANA)}} is a immunological value that is characteristically positive for patients with {{c2::systemic lupus erythematosus}}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Malar rash}} is secondary to {{c1::photosensitivity}} (exposure to sunlight). It is {{c2::butterfly-like}} shape (with a predilection to the che…
Published	07/30/2024	Most commonly affected joints in OA: {{c1::Hips, Knees, Spine::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Is debridement recommended in treating OA?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	is RA autoimmune and hereditary?{{c1::Y::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::White or Asian::2}} ethnicities are more at risk for osteoporosis
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Males::Males/Females}} are more at risk for gouty arthritis
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::colchicine}} - drug of choice to prevent gout attacks (by decreasing uric acid deposition to the joint)
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs for managing pain in SLE: {{c1::NSAIDS}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs for improving rashes in SLE and for those who have maxed out their use of corticosteroids: {{c1::Antimalarial Drugs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lifetime drugs for inflammation and flares in SLE: {{c1::Corticosteroids}}
Published	07/30/2024	The usual amount of corticosteroids secreted by cortisol is {{c1::5-7.5 mg}} per day
Published	07/30/2024	Immunosuppressants used to prevent severe attacks in SLE: {{c1::Azathioprine, cyclosporine::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Are monoclonal treatments for SLE viable?{{c1::Y::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Osteosarcoma]Occurs in the {{c1::metaphyseal}} region of the long bones: {{c2::Distal femur }}{{c2::Proximal tibia }}{{c2::Proximal humerus…
Published	07/30/2024	Main manifestations of gout: {{c1::(joint) inflammation}} and {{c1::tophi}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::probenecid}} - promote excretion of uric acid for gout
Published	07/30/2024	Gout stage: {{c1::Acute flares}}Symptoms: Joint inflammation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Primary::Classification}} gout is caused by no specific cause. Usually seen in younger patients that have problems in the enzymes that meta…
Published	07/30/2024	Secondary gout is caused by {{c1::acquired conditions}}, {{c1::starvation}}, {{c1::alcohol intoxication}}, or {{c1::renal failure}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Gout stage: {{c1::Intercritical periods}}Symptoms: no symptoms, acute flares in the past
Status	Last Update	Fields