Notes in 09 Pharmacokinetics

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Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Ionized::ionized/nonionized}} drugs are {{c1::water::lipid or water}}-soluble.
Published	12/13/2023	When the pKa = pH, then the ratio of ionized:non-ionized drug is {{c1::50/50}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Nonionized::Ionized/nonionized}} molecules are metabolized by the liver.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Ion trapping}} is a build up of a higher concentration of a drug across a cell membrane due to differences in {{c2::environmental pH}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Highly protein-bound drugs tend to be more {{c1::lipid::water or lipid}} soluble.
Published	12/13/2023	Lidocaine may accumulate in a fetus because of the {{c1::lower pH}} of fetal blood, which increases the {{c2::ionized}} fraction of lidocaine.
Published	12/13/2023	Molecules that are too large to be filtered by the glomerulus can be cleared by drug secretion in the {{c1::proximal tubule}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The P450 enzymes are primarily located in the {{c1::smooth endoplasmic reticulum}} of hepatocytes.
Published	12/13/2023	Drug clearance is {{c1::directly}} proportional to blood flow to the clearing organ.
Published	12/13/2023	Drug clearance is {{c1::directly}} proportional to the extraction ratio.
Published	12/13/2023	Drug clearance is {{c1::directly}} proportional to the drug dose.
Published	12/13/2023	Drug clearance is {{c1::inversely}} proportional to the half life.
Published	12/13/2023	Drug clearance is {{c1::inversely}} proportional to the concentration in the central compartment.
Published	12/13/2023	Where in the body do Hofmann elimination and ester hydrolysis occur?{{c1::Plasma (organ-independent)}}
Published	12/13/2023	During {{c1::steady state}} infusions, the rate of administration is equal to the rate of elimination.
Published	12/13/2023	Elimination half-{{c1::time}} is the time for 50% of the drug to be removed from the plasma during the elimination phase.
Published	12/13/2023	A base donates {{c1::OH-}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Nonionized::ionized/nonionized}} drugs are {{c1::lipid::lipid or water}}-soluble.
Published	12/13/2023	Fetal blood is more {{c1::acidic::acidic/basic}} than maternal blood.
Published	12/13/2023	Maternal {{c1::alkalosis::alkalosis/acidosis}} worsens fetal ion trapping (e.g. lidocaine).
Published	12/13/2023	Fetal {{c1::acidosis::alkalosis/acidosis}} worsens fetal ion trapping (e.g. lidocaine).
Published	12/13/2023	The half-life of albumin is {{c1::3 weeks}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Albumin has a {{c1::negative}} charge.
Published	12/13/2023	Chronic liver disease presents with a {{c1::low}} albumin level.
Published	12/13/2023	The primary determinant of plasma oncotic pressure is {{c1::albumin}}.
Published	12/13/2023	How does aging affect albumin levels?{{c1::Decreased}}
Published	12/13/2023	In zero order kinetics, there is {{c1::more::more/less}} drug than enzyme.
Published	12/13/2023	In first order kinetics, there is {{c1::less::more/less}} drug than enzyme.
Published	12/13/2023	Most drugs are metabolized via {{c1::first}} order kinetics.
Published	12/13/2023	Which anticoagulants are eliminated via zero order kinetics?{{c1::Heparin, warfarin, and aspirin::(3)}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which bronchodilator is eliminated via zero order kinetics?{{c1::Theophylline}}
Published	12/13/2023	Phase {{c2::III}} of drug metabolism is {{c1::elimination}}.
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