Notes in L02 Clinical Poisined

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Published	06/22/2023	1. What is Acetaminophen(Tylenol) and what is its significance?Acetaminophen is the most {{c1::common cause of poisining and poisining death annually.…
Published	06/22/2023	What happens if there is an overdose of Acetaminophen? - Fulminant {{c1::hepatic failure }}- {{c1::Renal}} failure - May require urgent…
Published	06/22/2023	What is the antidote to Acetaminophen overdose? {{c1::N-acetylcysteine}}
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Published	06/22/2023	What are the steps of evaluating a poisoned patient?Initial evaluation and management {{c1::History Physical examination (toxidromes etc)Laboratory ev…
Published	06/22/2023	What is the most IMPORTANT step in evaluating a patient?The {{c1::HISTORY! }}
Published	06/22/2023	When evaluating the Poisoned Patients what do we look at when looking at history?We look at sources such as Patients, bystanders, family, and EMS&nbsp…
Published	06/22/2023	What are aspects of Physical Examination we check for the Poisoned Patient?- {{c1::Vital}} signs - {{c1::Pupils }}- {{c1::Bowel}} sounds&nbs…
Published	06/22/2023	What are toxidromes?A collection of signs and symptoms which together suggest a {{c1::toxic effect on a particular neurotransmitter system }}Auto…
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Published	06/22/2023	What class is adderall under?{{c1::Amphetamines}}
Published	06/22/2023	What is Mydriasis?{{c1::Dilation}} of the pupil of the eye
Published	06/22/2023	What is Sympathomimetic Toxidrome?Stimulation of {{c1::alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. }}The causes are:{{c1::- Cocaine - Amphetamines&…
Published	06/22/2023	What are symptoms of Sympathomimetic Toxidrome?{{c1::"Fight or Flight" }}- increase in {{c1::HR}}, increase in {{c1::BP}} , increase in {{c1::RR}…
Published	06/22/2023	Sympathomimetic Toxidrome Life-Threatening Effects include:-  Agitated {{c1:: delirium }}- Severe {{c2::hyperthermia }}    &n…
Published	06/22/2023	How do we treat sympathomimetic Toxidromes?For CNS toxicity we use sedatives such a {{c1::benzodiazepines}} and {{c1::minimize the stimuli }}
Published	06/22/2023	What is this plant and what is it associated with?It is {{c1::Jimson Weed}} also known as "Devils trumpet" . This plant contains {{c1::pure…
Published	06/22/2023	What is Anticholinergic Toxidrome?This is when there is a blockade at {{c1::muscarinic ACh}} sites.
Published	06/22/2023	What are some causes of Anticholinergic Toxidrome?- {{c1::Atropine}}, {{c1::scopolamine}}, {{c1::TCAs}} and {{c1::antihistamines }}
Published	06/22/2023	What are other symptoms of Anticholinergic Toxidrome?CNS - Altered mental status and hallucinations PNS- {{c1::Tachycardia, hypertension, fe…
Published	06/22/2023	What is physostigmine? It may be given when someone is suffering from Anticholinergic Toxidrome. Its function is that it {{c1::inhibits acetylcho…
Published	06/22/2023	What is cholinergic toxidrome caused by?{{c1::Anticholinesterases}} such as - {{c1::Pesticides }}        - {{c2::Organop…
Published	06/22/2023	What are Nictonic Effects associated with Cholinergic Toxidrome?Skeletal muscles (NMJ)          {{c1::- Fasciculations&n…
Published	06/22/2023	What syndrom is associated with Muscarinic effects of Cholinergic Toxidrome? {{c1::"DUMBBELS"  }} Syndrome
Published	06/22/2023	What are Cholinergic Toxidrome Treatments? - {{c1::Atropine sulfate}} and {{c1::Pralidoxime }}
Published	06/22/2023	What is Atropine Sulfate?It is a competitive {{c1::antagonist}} at central and peripheral muscarinic receptors. It is a tertiary amine and crosses BBB…
Published	06/22/2023	What is Pralidoxime?- It is a {{c1::Cholinesterase}} reactivator - It targets nicotinic receptors and {{c1::reverses}} muscle weakness - It …
Published	06/22/2023	What is Suboxone? It is used for treatment of {{c1::opiod use disorder}}
Published	06/22/2023	What is Opiod Toxidrome?The classic triad of Opiod Toxidrome is:{{c1::- Miosis - Lethargy - Respiratory depression }}The predominant ac…
Published	06/22/2023	What is Naloxone?It was first synthesized in 1960 and is "N-allylnoroxymorphone" which is an {{c1::Opioid antagonist. }}
Published	06/22/2023	What is Opioid Withdrawal?It is due to gradual or abrupt removal of opioid agonist from receptors People who have it display:- {{c1::Flu-like sym…
Published	06/22/2023	Methadone and Buprenorphine are both examples of {{c1::Opioid receptor agonists}}
Published	06/22/2023	Beyond the toxidrome: other physical examination findings o Hypo/hyper{{c1::tension}}o {{c1::Brady/tachy}}cardiao Hyper{{c1::pnea}}o {{c1::Muscle}} r…
Published	06/22/2023	What does Strychnine cause? It causes unopposed {{c1::constriction/contraction}} of facial muscles
Published	06/22/2023	What is Argyria?It is a condition in which there is a {{c1::build-up of silver in the bod}}y and it causes your skin to be blue
Published	06/22/2023	What is Methemoglobinemia?It is a {{c1::blood}} disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is produced. Methemoglobin is a darker form of h…
Published	06/22/2023	What are GABA agonists? {{c1::Alcohol and Benzodiazepines}}
Published	06/22/2023	What are Hyperthermia syndromes?{{c1::NMS, Serotonin Syndrome, MH}}
Published	06/22/2023	How can we use Labratory studies to evaluate the poisined patient?We can look at Drug/Toxicant levels:{{c1::Qualitative}} = yes or no, usually from ur…
Published	06/22/2023	What can you screen in a URINE drug screen test?{{c1::- Cocaine - Opiates - Benzos- Barbiturates - PCP - THC- Amphetamine}}
Published	06/22/2023	What do radiographs help us see for poisined patients?They are of limited utility but they help us identify specific scenarios in which there is …
Published	06/22/2023	What does management for the poisined patient encompass?{{c1::Supportive}} care• {{c1::Prevention}} of absorption• Enhancement of {{c1::elimination}}•…
Published	06/22/2023	What is GI decontamination?It prevents absorption of the toxin through - {{c1::Activated Charcoal }}- {{c1::Gastric Emptying }}- {{c1::…
Published	06/22/2023	What do we utilize activated charcoal for?- "Activated" to increase surface area - Adsorbs most {{c1::toxicants in stomach }}- Disadvantages…
Published	06/22/2023	What does Syrup of ipecac do?It induces {{c1::vomiting}} and is not recommended usually
Published	06/22/2023	What is gastric lavage? We insert a large bore OG tube into someones stomach to {{c1::aspirate contents}} by flushing them with lots of liquid . …
Published	06/22/2023	What is Whole Bowel Irrigation?Rapid instillation of {{c1::polyethylene glycol solution}} into gut. The goal is to {{c1::flush out contents}} of entir…
Published	06/22/2023	When is Whole Bowel Irrigation used?Indications:- SR preparations- {{c1::Massive}} Ingestions - Substances {{c1::not}} absorbed by charcoal …
Published	06/22/2023	What are different methods of enhancing elimination?- {{c1::Hemodialysis }}           - Low Vd     &…
Published	06/22/2023	Antidotes: Mechanism of Action 1. Physically {{c1::bind (and disable) toxicant}}Digoxin-specific Fab, antivenom, chelators2. Pharmacologic {{c1::…
Published	06/22/2023	This is question with 2-5 choices
Published	06/22/2023	A 16-year old girl who is heavily bullied in school is rushed to the ER after taking too much Tylenol in an attempted suicide. What drug did she overd…
Published	06/22/2023	What is the MOST important part of the evaluation of a poisoned patient?
Published	06/22/2023	What is NOT INCLUDED in the evaluation of a poisoned patient?
Published	06/22/2023	A toxidromes is a collection of {{c1::signs and symptoms}} together that suggest a {{c2::toxic}} effect on a particular {{c3::neurotransmitter}} …
Published	06/22/2023	A patient presents to the ED with elevated HR and BP, increased respirations, increased body temperature, mydriasis, present bowel sounds and no diaph…
Published	06/22/2023	A patient presents to the ED with elevated HR and BP, no change in respirations, increased body temperature, mydriasis, absent bowel sounds and diapho…
Published	06/22/2023	A patient presents to the ED with decreased HR and BP, decreased respirations, decreased body temperature, miosis, absent bowel sounds, and dry skin. …
Published	06/22/2023	Anticholinergic toxidrome is also known as
Published	06/22/2023	Acetylcholinesterase inhibition results in {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}} {{c2::breakdown::breakdown/release}} of acetylcholine.
Published	06/22/2023	Organophosphosphorous insecticides cause what kind of toxidrome?
Published	06/22/2023	What is the primary mechanism of action of naloxone?
Published	06/22/2023	Some limitations of urine drug screen evaluations:- Drug/toxicant levels are {{c3::qualitative::yes/no}}- Does not detect {{c1::some compounds, s…
Published	06/22/2023	Why are radiographic studies of limited utility when evaluating a poisoned patient?
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