Notes in 20FungalSpecies

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::10::N}} Candida species infect humans
Published	07/30/2024	Most common opportunistic fungal pathogen of skin or mucous membranes (oral cavity) from excessive exposure to moisture, antibiotics, or immune suppre…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Candida}} spp. causes thrush, vaginitis, skin lesions, nail, diaper rash; and more serious infections like {{c2::fungemia::blood}}, {{c2::endoca…
Published	07/30/2024	Most common yeast species causing more or less 60% of human yeast infections: {{c1::Candida albicans}}
Published	07/30/2024	Candida {{c1::glabrata}}, C. {{c1::krusei}}, and C. {{c1::tropicalis}} are emergent yeast species causing infections and are resistant to {{c2::flucon…
Published	07/30/2024	Candida {{c1::auris}} is a nosocomial fungal species that is intrinsically resistant to most anti-fungals
Published	07/30/2024	Candida {{c1::parapsilosis}} has emerged as a pathogen of children and common in IV-line infections (forms biofilms on plastics)
Published	07/30/2024	Candida {{c1::parapsilosis::auris/parapsilosis}} is susceptible to fluconazole
Published	07/30/2024	Growth characteristics of CandidaTime: {{c1::24-48 hours}}Temperature: {{c1::30-35°C}}Color: {{c1::Pasty white}}
Published	07/30/2024	Candida form {{c1::pseudo::pseudo/true}}hyphae
Published	07/30/2024	Candida {{c1::glabrata}} is the only Candida species at {{c2::4}} μm in size and does NOT form pseudohyphae
Published	07/30/2024	Candida budding yeasts are usually oval shaped and {{c1::7-8}} μm in size
Published	07/30/2024	in Candida identification, we incubate a small amount of yeast in {{c1::human serum::medium}} for {{c1::3-4 hours::time}} at {{c1::35}}°C
Published	07/30/2024	C. {{c2::albicans}} identification in human serum should have + germ tube formation in {{c1::<3}} hours
Published	07/30/2024	C. {{c2::tropicalis}} identification in human serum should have + germ tube formation in {{c1::>4}} hours
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from C. albicans and C. tropicalis, C. {{c1::dubliniensis}} will also be + for germ tube formation
Published	07/30/2024	Rudimentary structures unique to C. albicans that grow on {{c2::cornmeal}} agar at {{c2::48 hours::time}}: {{c1::Chlamydospore formation}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::ChromAgar}} identifies up to 4 Candida species with distinctive colors using chromogenic substrates
Published	07/30/2024	Candida spp. can induce {{c1::pyogenic}} - {{c1::granulomatous}} inflammation
Published	07/30/2024	When does Cryptococcus neoformans have a capsule?{{c1::When in the human body only}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::non-e::non-e/e}}ncapsulated form of Cryptococcus neoformans is inhaled and hematogenously spread to the {{c2::brain}} and {{c2::meninges}} c…
Published	07/30/2024	C. {{c2::neoformans}} is enriched by {{c1::nitrogen}} in heaped droppings
Published	07/30/2024	C. neoformans and C. gatti are {{c1::irr::r/irr}}egularly sized {{c1::true yeasts::true yeast/yeast-like organisms}} with the {{c2::polysaccharide cap…
Published	07/30/2024	Sensitive test for AIDS patients for detecting C. neoformans and C. gatti: {{c1::India Ink exam}}
Published	07/30/2024	The cryptococcal antigen test detects the titer of {{c1::capsular polysaccharide}} in either CSF or serum
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Cryptococcal diagnostic test sensitivity 1. India Ink Test 2. Cryptococcal antigen test{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cryptococcus colonies look... {{c1::mucoid}} on {{c2::mycologic}} agar;{{c1::brown}} on {{c2::bird seed}} agar; and are sensitive to {{c3::cycloh…
Published	07/30/2024	2 pertinent + biochemical tests of Cryptococcus: {{c1::urease enzyme and inositol assimilation}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Central nuclear staining 1. Cryptococcus 2. Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii){{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common Trichosporon species: T. {{c1::asahii}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichosporon spp. are {{c1::rectangular}}-shaped yeast cells that inhabit the {{c2::soil::environment}} and colonizes the {{c2::skin::human body}} and…
Published	07/30/2024	Second most commonly reported cause of disseminated yeast infections in humans: {{c1::Trichosposon}} infection
Published	07/30/2024	Cause of superficial infection white piedra: {{c1::Trichosposon}} infection
Published	07/30/2024	Trichosporon mortality rate: {{c1::50-80::range}}%
Published	07/30/2024	Most superficial of the dermatomycoses common on oily skin or high use of skin oils (lipophilic yeast): {{c1::Malassezia furfur::yeast}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Malassezia furfur::yeast}} causes macules, papules, patches, and plaques especially on the back with hyper or hypopigmentation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Malassezia furfur::yeast}} causes {{c2::pityriasis versicolor}} when it converts in its filamentous form and invades deeper into the tissues
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Malassezia furfur 1. Hypopigmentation 2. Hyperpigmentation{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Malassezia furfur::yeast}} has a small budding yeast 2-4 μm with collarette
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Malassezia furfur::yeast}} in tissue is described as “Spaghetti and Meatballs”
Published	07/30/2024	3 genera of fungi that cause ringworm infections:{{c1::Microsporum speciesEpidermophyton floccosumTrichophyton species}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do ringworm infections require culture?{{c1::N. KOH + Calcofluor white is fine::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ringworm of the mustache area is called {{c1::Tinea barbae}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ringworm of the inguinal area is called {{c1::Candida intertrigo}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ringworm of the nails of toes is called {{c1::Onychomycosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ringworm acquired from frequently hugging or kissing dogs and cats: {{c1::Microsporum canis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Color of Mircosporum canis colonies: {{c1::White colony with yellow on backside of colony}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mircosporum canis have lots of microconidia?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Microsporum {{c1::canis}} has tuberculate thick-walled macroconidia (spiny projections)
Published	07/30/2024	Ringworm acquired from contaminated soil: {{c1::Microsporum gypsum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Appearance of Microsporum gypsum colonies: {{c1::Sandy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Microsporum gypsum makes {{c1::big}} macroconidia
Published	07/30/2024	Ringworm acquired from fomites: {{c1::Trichophyton rubrum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Color of Trichophyton rubrum colonies: {{c1::White colony with red diffusable pigment}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichophyton rubrum has many {{c1::pencil}}-shaped MACROconidia and many MICROconidia
Published	07/30/2024	Primary cause of epidemic scalp ringworm in children (tinia capitis): {{c1::Trichophyton tonsurans}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichophyton tonsurans macroconidia appearance: {{c1::checkmate, it doesn't have macroconidia. Just balooning microconidia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ringworm fungus with balooning microconidia: {{c1::Trichophyton tonsurans}}
Published	07/30/2024	Subcutaneous fungal infections result from 2 types of {{c1::Mycetoma}} aka {{c1::Madura foot}} or {{c1::Maduromycosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Actinomycotic}} - Mycetoma caused by higher forms of bacteria
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Eumycotic}} - true mycotics caused by dark pigmented molds
Published	07/30/2024	3 criteria that defines Mycetoma:{{c1::Traumatic lesion that leads to swollen extremityDevelopment of draining sinusesSulfur granules observed in tiss…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Prevalence 1. Actinomycotic mycetoma 2. Eumycotic mycetoma{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common agent of actinomycotic mycetoma: {{c1::Nocardia sp.}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nocardia sulfur granules look identical to those of {{c1::Actinomyces israelli}}
Published	07/30/2024	The edge of actinomycotic Sulfur Granules has {{c1::thin filamentous bacteria}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Nocardia Vs Actinomyces]modified acid fast (PAF) positive{{c1::Nocardia}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Nocardia Vs Actinomyces]aerobic{{c1::Nocardia}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Nocardia Vs Actinomyces]anaerobic{{c1::Actinomyces}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Nocardia Vs Actinomyces]modified acid fast (PAF) negative{{c1::Actinomyces}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nocardia}} colonies look dry, crumbly, and have a musty smell
Published	07/30/2024	Most common Nocardia species: Nocardia {{c1::asteroides}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for Nocardia: {{c1::sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim)::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Preferred methods of identification for Nocardia: {{c1::MALDI-TOF or 16-s rRNA gene sequencing::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gram positive filamentous rods related to Nocardia that Flourish in areas of high humidity andtemperatures (40-60° C) like stacks of hay/palay: {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Thermoactinomycetes}} causes farmer’s lung
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnosis for Thermoactinomycetes: {{c1::Environmental history + serology testing::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common agent of eumycotic mycetoma: {{c1::pigmented/black fungi::not a specific species}}
Published	07/30/2024	Eumycotic sulfur granule is composed of {{c1::a matrix of thick fungal hyphae}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Black}} mold aka {{c1::dematiceous}} mold - One of the common molds that grow due to water damage but difficult to identify
Published	07/30/2024	4 Types of Black (dematiaceous) mold sporulation:{{c1::Rhinocladiella-likeCladosporum-likePhialophora-likeAcrotheca-like}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type of fungi that usually cause deep systemic mycosis: {{c1::Dimorphic fungi::classification based on morphology}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Histoplasma capsulatum::fungal species}} causes a progressive {{c2::pulmonary::organ system}} disease, {{c2::reticuloendothelial}} system infect…
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma capsulatum is {{c1::un-e::un-e/e}}ncapsulated
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasmosis is caught through {{c1::inhalation}} of {{c2::microconidia}} and most cases are {{c3::subclinical (95%)::description of infection}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bone marrow exam}} is useful in diagnosing disseminated Histoplasmosis infections
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma capsulatum yeast form lives where in the human body?{{c1::Intracellular within macrophages}}
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma capsulatum will stain gram {{c1::+::+/-}}
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma Rapid Diagnostic Test: {{c1::Antigen detection in urine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma capsulatum causes what in tissue?{{c1::granuloma}}
Published	07/30/2024	Histoplasma capsulatum needs to be differentiated from {{c1::Leishmania sp.}} and {{c1::Toxoplasma}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Blastomyces dermatitidis::fungal species}} causes a {{c2::pulmonary::organ system}} infection that disseminates to {{c2::skin}} and {{c2::bone}}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Blastomyces dermatitidis}} grows {{c3::Pear}}-shaped conidia at the end of supporting hyphae resembling {{c3::lollipops}} and Fluffy-white buff-…
Published	07/30/2024	Blastomyces dermatitidis looks like {{c1::Chrysosporium sp.::look-alike fungi}} at {{c2::30}}°C
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Blastomyces dermatitidis}} grows Unique broad-based budding pattern resembling bowling pins and double contoured wall at {{c2::35}}°C
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Time needed to grow Blastomyces dermatitidis 1. 30°C 2. 35°C{{c1::B. But both still take a long af time. WEEKS my gosh}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blastomyces dermatitidis causes what in tissue?{{c1::mixed pyogenic and granulomatous inflammation}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Coccidioides immitis::fungal species}} causes a focal progressive {{c2::pulmonary::organ system}} disease and disseminated to the {{c2::CNS}}. E…
Published	07/30/2024	Coccidioidomycosis is caught through {{c1::inhalation::MOT}} of {{c3::arthroconidia}} in sand and most cases are {{c2::asymptomatic or limited in symp…
Published	07/30/2024	Higher incidence of {{c2::Coccidioidomycosis}} dissemination occurs in patients with:{{c1::Defects in cell mediated immunity (HIV)Darker skinned ethni…
Published	07/30/2024	C. immitis (posadasii) colonies starts {{c1::waxy::appearance}} then becomes {{c1::wooly::appearance}}
Published	07/30/2024	Under the microscope, {{c1::C. immitis (posadasii)::fungal species}} has foci with septate hyphae with thickwalled barrel shaped arthroconidia
Published	07/30/2024	C. immitis (posadasii) looks like {{c1::Malbranchea sp.::fungal species}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coccidiodes yeast features: {{c1::Lol u wish. Coccidiodes has no yeast phase. it forms Thick-walled spherules}}
Published	07/30/2024	What are seen in Coccidiodomycosis infected tissues?{{c1::Thick-walled spherules (10-80 μm) with endospores::related to morphology}} and {{c1::Gr…
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from Coccidioides, {{c1::Rhinosporidium seeberi::fungal species}} also forms spherules
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Spherule size 1. Coccidiodes 2. Rhinosporidium seeberi{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Paracoccidioides brasiliensis::fungal species}} causes a {{c2::South American Blastomycosis}} presenting with {{c3::pneumonia}}, disseminated in…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection 1. Males 2. Females{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Paracoccidioides}} cultures at {{c1::37}}°C and is a slow growing large yeast known as the {{c3::Mariner’s wheel}} or {{c3::Pilot’s wheel}}…
Published	07/30/2024	What are seen in Coccidiodomycosis infected tissues?{{c1::Granulomatous inflammation with Giant Cells}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sporothrix schenckii::fungal species}} begins as a single skin lesion w/wo ulceration that can can progress to many lesions and {{c2::lymphocuta…
Published	07/30/2024	Sporothrix schenckii cultures grow as {{c1::yeast::yeast/mold}} at 37°C
Published	07/30/2024	Sporothrix schenckii MOLD cultures start {{c1::beige::color}} then turn {{c1::brown-black::color}} over time.They have {{c2::s::as/s}}eptate hyphae wi…
Published	07/30/2024	Sporothrix schenckii YEAST cultures are described as {{c1::cigar bodies}}
Published	07/30/2024	What are seen in Sporotrichosis infected tissues?{{c1::asteroid bodies::related to morphology}} aka {{c1::Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon::related to mor…
Published	07/30/2024	Only dimorphic species of Penicillium: Pencillium {{c1::(Talaromyces) Marneffei}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pencillium (Talaromyces) Marneffei::fungal species}} produces a green colony with red diffusible pigment and causes skin lesions in tropics and …
Published	07/30/2024	What are seen in Pencillium (Talaromyces) Marneffei infected tissues?{{c1::yeast like cells produced in tissue}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus sp. are {{c1::hyaline::hyaline/dermaticaceous}} and {{c1::s::as/s}}eptate
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus spp. branches at {{c1::45}} degree angles
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus spp. usually causes {{c1::pulmonary::organ system}} infection but can disseminate to the {{c2::eye::organ}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus spp. looks like {{c1::Pseudallescheria boydii (Scedosporium)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus {{c1::terreus}} has intrinsic resistance to {{c2::Amphotericin B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aspergillus can be detected using the {{c1::Aspergillus Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay::diagnostic test}} because of the {{c1::galactomannan}} which…
Published	07/30/2024	The Aspergillus Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay amy have false positives from therapy with{{c1::Piperacillin/Tazobactam}} and infection with {{c1::Hi…
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify Aspergillus species]Blue/green colony grows in 3-5 days. Phialides with colorless spores directed upward{{c1::Aspergillus fumigatus}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify Aspergillus species]Green/yellow colony. Orange colored spores on phialides that surround the vesicle{{c1::Aspergillus flavus}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify Aspergillus species]Black colony – visible black heads. Black spores supported by phialides surround thevesicle{{c1::Aspergillus niger}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fusarium spp.}} is a genus of canoe-like fungi common in nature/plants which are usually dissemminated in bone marrow transplants and {{c2::cont…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Penicillium spp.}} is one of the most common mold in the environment, cause of bread mold, uncommon cause of human disease
Published	07/30/2024	Mucormycosis/Zygomycosis infections are caused by fungi that are {{c1::hyaline::hyaline/dermaticaceous}} and {{c1::as::as/s}}eptate
Published	07/30/2024	Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a fungal infection in {{c1::diabetic}} patients
Published	07/30/2024	Mucormycosis/Zygomycosis usually infects the {{c1::sinuses::organs}} and {{c1::lungs::organs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mucorales spp. branches at {{c1::90}} degree angles
Published	07/30/2024	Order {{c1::Mucorales}} creates coarse, aerial hyphae after 24 hours on SABS agar at 30°C
Published	07/30/2024	Sporothrix schenckii cultures grow as {{c1::molds::yeast/mold}} at 30°C
Published	07/30/2024	Opportunistic fungal pathogens are {{c1::hyaline::hyaline/dermaticaceous}} and {{c1::s::as/s}}eptate
Status	Last Update	Fields