Notes in 01 ILD Bronchiectasis PVD

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/31/2023	What sound on respiratory exam may be associated with heart failure? {{c1::Rales / crackles}}
Published	10/31/2023	Amiodarone can cause pulmonary {{c1::fibrosis}} with progression to {{c2::restrictive lung}} disease
Published	10/31/2023	In {{c1::restrictive}} lung disease, the FEV1/FVC is {{c2::normal or increased}}
Published	10/31/2023	What equation may be used to calculate the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)? PVR = {{c1::(Ppulm artery - PL atrium) / cardiac output}}
Published	10/31/2023	{{c2::Obstructive}} lung diseases are characterized by a(n) {{c1::decreased}} FEV1/FVC ratio
Published	10/31/2023	{{c1::Bronchiectasis}} is defined as the permanent dilatation of bronchioles and bronchi
Published	10/31/2023	{{c1::Bronchiectasis}} is an obstructive lung disease that may be caused by cystic fibrosis
Published	10/31/2023	Bronchiectasis may cause digital {{c1::clubbing}}
Published	10/31/2023	{{c1::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis}} is fibrosis of the lung interstitium with unknown cause
Published	10/31/2023	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis presents clinically with progressive {{c1::dyspnea}}, cough, and digital {{c2::clubbing}}
Published	10/31/2023	{{c2::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis}} eventually results in diffuse fibrosis with end-stage '{{c1::honeycomb}}' lung on CT
Published	10/31/2023	Sarcoidosis is often asymptomatic except for enlarged {{c1::lymph nodes}}
Published	10/31/2023	{{c1::Hypersensitivity pneumonitis}} is an autoimmune reaction that generates {{c2::granulomas}} in response to inhaled organic antigens (e.g. pigeon …
Published	10/31/2023	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is often seen in {{c1::farmers}} and those exposed to {{c2::birds}}
Published	10/31/2023	Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure > {{c1::25}} at rest
Published	10/31/2023	{{c1::Plexiform}} lesions are small, vascular channels that may be seen with severe, long standing pulmonary {{c2::hypertension}}
Published	10/31/2023	Pulmonary hypertension leads to RV {{c1::hypertrophy}} with eventual {{c2::cor pulmonale}}
Published	10/31/2023	Heritable {{c3::pulmonary hypertension}} can be due to {{c1::inactivating}} mutations of the {{c2::BMPR2}} gene
Published	10/31/2023	Thrombosis most commonly occurs in the {{c1::deep veins (DVT)}} of the leg below the knee
Published	10/31/2023	The three major risk factors for thrombosis are {{c1::disruption in blood flow (stasis)}}, {{c2::hypercoagulability}}, and {{c3::endothelial cell dama…
Published	10/31/2023	What lab test is used clinically to rule out DVT (high sensitivity, low specificity)? {{c1::D-dimer}}
Published	10/31/2023	Lower limb {{c3::DVT}} may be associated with {{c1::calf pain}} upon {{c2::dorsiflexion}} of the foot ({{c4::Homan}} sign)
Published	10/31/2023	{{c1::Oral anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin)}} are used for treatment and long-term prevention of DVT
Published	10/31/2023	{{c1::Spiral CT (CT pulmonary angiography)}} is the imaging test of choice for pulmonary embolism
Published	10/31/2023	Acute interstitial nephritis is less commonly secondary to {{c1::autoimmune}} diseases (e.g. Sjögren's syndrome, SLE, sarcoidosis)
Published	10/31/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with recurrent episodes of bacterial infection, purulent sputum, hemoptysis, and digital clubbing? {{c1::Bro…
Published	10/31/2023	What test/imaging study is the best diagnostic test for bronchiectasis?{{c1::High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the chest}}
Published	10/31/2023	PDE-5 inhibitors work by preventing breakdown of {{c1::cGMP}} to produce prolonged {{c2::smooth muscle}} relaxation
Published	10/31/2023	Iloprost and Epoprostenol are {{c1::prostacyclin (PGI2)}} analogues that can be used to treat {{c2::Pulmonary Hypertension}}
Published	10/31/2023	PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g. sildenafil, tadalafil) are indicated for {{c1::pulmonary}} hypertension
Published	10/31/2023	In the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, the combination drug {{c1::lumacaftor/ivacaftor}} is indicated for patients who have {{c2::two}} copies of the F5…
Published	10/31/2023	In the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, {{c2::Lumacaftor}} works by {{c1::facilitating proper folding}} of the CFTR protein
Published	10/31/2023	In the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, {{c2::Ivacaftor}} works by {{c1::stimulating activity}} of the CFTR protein
Published	10/31/2023	Methotrexate can result in pulmonary fibrosis and ultimately {{c1::restrictive lung}} disease
Published	10/31/2023	Patients who take Nitrofurantoin are at risk for fibrosis of the {{c1::lungs}}
Published	10/31/2023	The following CXR is highly suggestive of what pulmonary pathology?{{c3::Primary Pulmonary HTN}}
Published	10/31/2023	What is the treatment for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP)?{{c1::Oral corticosteroids}}
Published	10/31/2023	Amiodarone may cause {{c1::cryptogenic organizing}} pneumonia
Published	10/31/2023	What is the most accurate (and first) diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis?{{c1::Sweat chloride (induce via pilocarpine)}}
Published	10/31/2023	What is the recommended management for a patient with a DVT and contraindications to anticoagulation (e.g. warfarin) or recurrent DVTs?{{c1::IVC filte…
Published	10/31/2023	Restrictive lung disease = {{c1::↓::↑/↓/↔}} FVC and {{c1::↓::↑/↓/↔}} FEV1
Published	10/31/2023	What is the likely underlying etiology in a patient with bronchiectasis predominantly in the upper lobe and sputum cultures positive for Pseudomonas a…
Published	10/31/2023	Restrictive lung disease = {{c1::↓::↑↓↔}} TLC and RV
Published	10/31/2023	Progressive exertional dyspnea and nonproductive cough +/- crackles is suggestive of {{c1::interstitial lung disease::condition}}
Published	10/31/2023	Restrictive lung disease and low DLCO = {{c1::interstitial lung disease (alveolar diffusion barrier problem)}}
Published	10/31/2023	Pulmonary arterial hypertension = {{c1::↓}} DLCO and {{c1::↔}} TLC and {{c1::↔}} FEV1/FVC
Published	10/31/2023	What is the etiology of Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia?{{c1::Etiology unknown}}
Published	10/31/2023	Fibrotic changes in IPF appear as bilateral or diffuse reticular opacities, most prominent in {{c1::lower::upper/lower lung}} lobe…
Published	10/31/2023	Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is treated with {{c1::steroids}} as it does not respond to antibiotics
Published	10/31/2023	What is the most common cause of bronchiectasis worldwide?{{c1::Tuberculosis}}
Published	10/31/2023	Below is a CXR of a patient with {{c1::sarcoidosis::}}
Published	10/31/2023	According to Fick's law,Rate of Diffusion = (Concentration gradient) * Area / DistanceIn emphysema, rate of diffusion decreases because {{c1::are…
Published	10/31/2023	According to Fick's law,Rate of Diffusion = (Concentration gradient) * Area / DistanceIn pulmonary fibrosis, rate of diffusion decreases because …
Published	10/31/2023	Prostacyclin can be used to treat pulmonary hypertension because it is a vaso{{c1::dilator}}
Published	10/31/2023	Endothelin receptor {{c1::antagonists::agonists/antagonists}} can treat pulmonary hypertension
Published	10/31/2023	Interstitial lung disease is a(n) {{c1::restrictive::obstructive or restrictive}} lung disease
Published	10/31/2023	"Tram-track" and "signet ring" signs on CXR are suggestive of {{c1::bronchiectasis}}
Published	10/31/2023	Which interstitial lung diseases are granulomatous?{{c1::Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Sarcoidosis::2}}
Published	10/31/2023	Sarcoidosis most commonly affects the {{c1::upper}} lobes of the lung
Published	10/31/2023	Nintedanib and pirfenidone can be used in the treatment of {{c1::idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis}}
Published	10/31/2023	Which interstitial lung disease cannot be treated with steroids?{{c1::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis}}
Published	10/31/2023	Which interstitial lung disease has the worst prognosis?{{c1::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis}}
Published	10/31/2023	Which interstitial lung disease should be considered in a patient with recurrent pneumonia?{{c1::Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia}}
Published	10/31/2023	Which interstitial lung diseases are associated with smoking?{{c1::RB-ILD and DIP::2}}
Published	10/31/2023	What is the best treatment for desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP) or respiratory bronchiolitis-ILD (RB-ILD)?{{c1::Smoking cess…
Published	10/31/2023	Which interstitial lung disease looks like ARDS, but without any precipitating event?{{c1::Acute interstitial pneumonia (aka Hamman-Rich Syn…
Published	11/06/2023	Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension presents with {{c1::↑::↑/↓}} mPAP, {{c1::↓::↑/↓}} PCWP, and {{c1::↑::↑/↓}} PVR
Published	10/31/2023	Post-capillary pulmonary hypertension presents with {{c1::↑::↑/↓}} mPAP, {{c1::↑::↑/↓}} PCWP, and {{c1::↓::↑/↓}} PVR
Published	10/31/2023	What is the definitive test for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension?{{c1::Right heart catheterization (Swan-Ganz)}}
Published	10/31/2023	Which surgery is used to treat thromboembolic (group 4) pulmonary hypertension?{{c1::Pulmonary endarterectomy}}
Published	10/31/2023	Pulmonary embolism can present with {{c1::right}} bundle branch block and {{c1::right}} axis deviation on ECG
Published	10/31/2023	The dark, oligemic area of the right lung below is called {{c1::Westermark}} sign, and it is suggestive of {{c1::pulmonary embolis…
Published	10/31/2023	The cause of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (group 1) is occasionally due to {{c1::HIV::viral infection}} or {{c1::…
Published	10/31/2023	{{c4::Riociguat}} {{c2::activates::activates or inhibits}} {{c1::guanylate cyclase}} in order to treat group {{c5::4}} pulmonary h…
Published	10/31/2023	Sildenafil, bosentan, and iloprost all treat group {{c1::1}} pulmonary hypertension
Published	10/31/2023	What is the initial screening test for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension?{{c1::Echocardiography}}
Published	10/31/2023	Type 1 PAH has{{c1::↓::↑/↓}} Nitric Oxide{{c1::↓::↑/↓}} Prostacyclin{{c1::↑::↑/↓}} Endothelin-1
Published	10/31/2023	Thrombosis {{c1::above::above/below}} the knee has risk of Pulmonary Embolism
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