Notes in 03 Coronary CT angiography

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn patients with acute chest pain with no CAD, normal cardiac enzymes and non-ischemic ECG, {{c1::CC…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn CCTA, radiation dose can be approximated by multiplying the {{c1::dose-length product (DLP)}} by a conversi…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography{{c1::Retrospective}} gating: continuous CTTA image acquisition occurs throughout the cardiac cycle, with imag…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn CCTA, what is the main advantage of retrospective gating over prospective gating? {{c1::Allows fu…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn CCTA, what is the main disadvantage of retrospective gating compared to prospective gating? {{c1::High…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn CCTA, what is the main advantage of prospective gating over retrospective gating?{{c1::Lower radiation expo…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn CCTA, what is the main disadvantage of prospective gating over retrospective gating? {{c1::Does not ca…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography1.) {{c1::SA Nodal Branch}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography2.) {{c1::Conus Branch}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography3.) {{c1::RCA}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography4.) {{c1::Acute Marginal}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography5.) {{c1::AV Nodal Branch}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography6.) {{c1::Posterolateral Artery}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography7.) {{c1::Posterior Descending Artery}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography8.) {{c1::RCA}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography9.) {{c1::LMCA}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography10.) {{c1::LAD}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography11.) {{c1::Ramus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography12.) {{c1::Obtuse Marginal}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography13.) {{c1::Diagonals 1-3}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography14.) {{c1::Septal}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography15.) {{c1::LAD}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography1.) {{c1::LAD}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography2.) {{c1::Ramus intermedius}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography3.) {{c1::LCx}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyYellow arrow: {{c1::RCA}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyRed arrow: {{c1::SA nodal branch}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyYellow arrow: {{c1::RCA}}Blue Arrow: {{c2::Acute marginal}} branch
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyYellow arrow: {{c1::RCA}}Green Arrow: {{c2::PDA}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyDx: {{c1::Myocardial bridging of the proximal RCA}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCAD-RADS 1 and 2 workup & management: {{c1::Preventative therapy}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCAD-RADS 3 workup & management: {{c1::Consider functional testing and preventative therapy.}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCAD-RADS 4 and 5 workup & management: {{c1::Functional testing or invasive coronary angiography. Consider …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyBecause of the high {{c1::negative predictive value::test statistic}} of CCTA, a patient with a non-diagnostic…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCCTA is highly sensitive for {{c1::large (lumenal diameter > 50%)::size}} coronary stenoses.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCCTA can overestimate coronary plaque size, particularly when a {{c1::calcified}} plaque is present, which can…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography{{c1::Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA)}} can be used for evaluating coronary anomalies, cardiac valves, CAB…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography{{c1::ECG gating}} minimizes {{c2::cardiac motion}} in Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA).
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe type of ECG gating used (retrospective vs prospective) has a significant impact on the {{c1::radiation dos…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography{{c1::Prospective}} gating: Image acquisition is timed with the ECG to a specific segment of the cardiac cycle…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe average lumenal diameter of a coronary artery is {{c1::3 mm}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTo best image coronary arteries in CTTA, axial image slice thickness should be < {{c1::1.0 mm}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn CCTA, the primary advantage of dual source CT over single source CT is reduction of the {{c1::temporal reso…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographySingle source CT: requires at least {{c1::180}} degrees of gantry rotation to obtain an image.Dual source CT: …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyBecause dual source CT only requires 90 degrees of rotation for image reconstruction, the temporal resolution …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography{{c1::Temporal resolution}} refers to the time required to obtain the data to generate an image.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn CCTA, a {{c1::low}} temporal resolution is desired in order to optimally visualize the coronary arteries wh…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe target heart rate for CCTA is less than or equal to {{c1::60}} bpm.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTo appropriately opacify the coronary arteries, {{c1::high}} contrast infusion rates (4 - 7 mL/sec) are requir…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTypically, an oral {{c1::beta blocker (metoprolol)}} is used to reduce the heart rate in CCTA to {{c2::60}} bp…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn addition to administering a beta blocker before CCTA, {{c1::sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 - 0.8 mg)}} is al…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyHeart rate control is often not required if using a {{c1::dual source}} CT in coronary CT angiography.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn normal cardiac anatomy, two coronary arteries arise from the proximal aorta at the {{c1::sinuses of Valsalv…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography{{c1::Take off at the sinotubular junction or above}} is the most common coronary artery origination anom…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography3 coronary sinuses:The {{c1::RCA}} originates from the right coronary sinus, which is positioned {{c2::anterio…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCoronary artery anatomy:The {{c1::left main coronary (LMCA)}} artery runs between the {{c2::pulmonary artery::…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe LMCA bifurcates into {{c1::left anterior descending (LAD)}} and {{c1::left circumflex (LCx)}} arteries.&nb…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe {{c1::left anterior descending (LAD)}} artery runs in the anterior interventricular groove.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe LAD gives rise to the {{c1::diagonal}} and {{c1::septal}} branches. These enter the interventricular septu…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe left circumflex artery (LCx) runs beneath the left {{c1::atrial appendage::structure}} in the left {{c1::a…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe Left Circumflex (LCx) artery gives rise to the left {{c1::obtuse marginal}} branch. This supples blood to …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe right coronary artery (RCA) courses within the right {{c1::atrioventricular}} groove.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe right coronary artery (RCA) initially has 2 branches:Anterior: {{c1::Conal}} branchPosterior: {{c1::Sinoat…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe {{c1::conal}} branch of the RCA supplies blood to the {{c2::right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT)}}.&nbsp…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe RCA gives rise to the {{c1::acute marginal}} branch which runs anterior to the right ventricle and supplie…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe RCA gives rise to the {{c1::AV nodal}} branch, which branches off at the {{c2::crux::where atrioventricula…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe RCA gives rise to the {{c1::posterior descending artery (PDA)}} in most individuals. It supplies the {{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe final branch of the RCA is typically the {{c1::posterolateral (PLA)}} artery which supplies blood to the {…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyHeart dominance is determined by which artery (RCA or LCA) supplies the {{c1::PDA, PLA, and AVN::3 arteries}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyLeft-dominant and co-dominant coronary artery anatomy each occur in approximately {{c1::7}}% of individuals.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn co-dominance, the RCA typically supplies the {{c1::PDA}} while the LCx supplies blood to the {{c1::PLA}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIn those with a malignant coronary artery anomaly, there is an increased risk of sudden cardiac death associat…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyBest imaging method to evaluate coronary artery anomalies:{{c1::Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAnomalies of coronary artery origin:{{c1::Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery}} (ALCAPA){…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAnomalies of coronary artery course:An anomalous coronary artery with an {{c1::interarterial}} course (between…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAnomaly of coronary artery termination:Coronary artery {{c1::fistula}} - connection between a coronary ar…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTwo malignant anomalies of coronary artery origin:{{c1::Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Arte…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTwo malignant anomalies of coronary artery course:{{c1::Interarterial (between aorta and pulmonary artery)}} c…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyA coronary artery with an anomalous course is benign if it does not run between the {{c1::aorta}} and {{c1::pu…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe above axial image from a CCTA demonstrates a {{c1::benign::benign / malignant}} anomalous {{c2::prepu…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAn RCA or LMCA with an intramural course often has a {{c1::slit}}-like appearance on CCTA.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTreatment of an anomalous intramural coronary artery can be through bypass, reimplantation, or the {{c1::unroo…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyName the coronary artery anomaly:{{c1::Left main coronary artery arising from the right coronary sinus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyName the coronary artery anomaly:{{c1::Right coronary artery arising from the left coronary sinus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyName the coronary artery anomaly:{{c1::Anomalous origin of the right coronary from the left coronary sinus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAn anomalous coronary artery interarterial course means that it courses between the pulmonary {{c1::arter…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAn interarterial course of an anomalous right OR left coronary artery is associated with a high risk of sudden…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTreatment of anomalous interarterial coronary artery course is by {{c1::bypass grafting}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAnomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) is also called {{c1::Bland-White-Garland::3 …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAnomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) has a high mortality rate of 90% before the …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTreatment of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) in:Children - {{c1::Direct reim…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT Angiography{{c1::Myocardial bridging}} - when a portion of myocardium overlies a {{c2::coronary artery}} segment.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTypically, myocardial bridging is {{c1::asymptomatic::asymptomatic / symptomatic}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyIf a patient is found to have myocardial bridging and has anginal symptoms, further workup is typically with {…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyA coronary artery {{c1::fistula}} is when a coronary artery has an abnormal connection between almost any othe…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyMost coronary artery fistulas are {{c1::congenital::etiology}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyWhen a coronary artery fistula connects to a cardiac chamber, it is called a coronary {{c1::cameral}} fistula.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyName the coronary artery anomaly seen above:{{c1::Coronary cameral fistula}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyA coronary artery fistula connecting to a lower pressure chamber/vessel can cause {{c1::anuerysmal dilation}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyOn CCTA, a coronary artery segment is considered to contain calcium if the area is greater than or equal to {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe {{c1::Agatston}} score, which scores the total amount of calcium in the coronary tree, is used as a predic…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCoronary calcium scoring is used for risk stratification in patients without known {{c1::CAD}} and who are {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyA CAD-RADS score between {{c1::0}} and {{c1::2}} equates to stenosis < {{c2::50}}% and does not require add…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCAD-RADS {{c1::3}}: Moderate stenosis ({{c2::50}} - {{c2::69}}%)
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCAD-RADS {{c1::4}}: Severe stenosis ({{c2::70}} - {{c2::99}}%) OR at least moderate stenosis (> 50%) in the…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCAD-RADS {{c1::5}}: Total occlusion of one or more coronary arteries.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyA {{c1::nondiagnostic}} CAD-RADS score (category N) is given if at least one coronary artery segment cann…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCoronary artery segments cannot be scored with CAD-RADS if they are smaller than {{c1::1.5}} mm in diameter.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyFour high-risk features of an atherosclerotic plaque on CCTA:1. {{c1::Low}} attenuation (< 30 HU)2. {{c2::S…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe coronary artery plaque seen above is considered high risk since it has {{c1::low}} attenuation.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe CCTA image above demonstrates the {{c1::napkin-ring}} sign of a coronary artery.
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyThe image above demonstrates two high risk features of coronary artery plaques:The red/yellow arrows show {{c1…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyWhat are the 2 major complications after coronary artery stent placement?1. Acute complication - {{c1::Stent t…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyLow attenuation debris in a stent lumen is indicative of {{c1::in-stent restenosis::late complication of coron…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyLate complication of coronary artery stenting seen above:{{c1::In-stent restenosis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyA 100% occluded bypass graft is often challenging to identify on CCTA; the only finding may be {{c1::dilation}…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyBetween CCTA and cardiac catheterization, which is still most preferred for evaluation of CABG at most centers…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyCan CAD-RADS be used to grade stenoses of stents and bypass grafts (in addition to native arteries)?{{c1::Yes:…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyTwo primary causes of coronary artery aneurysms?1. {{c1::Atherosclerosis}} (in the US)2. {{c1::Kawasaki diseas…
Published	05/01/2023	Cardiac Imaging: Coronary CT AngiographyAbnormality seen above?{{c1::Coronary artery aneurysm}}
Status	Last Update	Fields