Notes in 07OPH

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/07/2024	Structure that separates orbit and eyelid {{c1::Orbital Septum}}
Published	10/07/2024	Mnemonics of the bones that form the orbital wallsSuperior{{c1::Front Less}}Lateral{{c1::Greater Zygoma}}Medial{{c1::SMEL}}Inferior{{c1::MoPZ the floo…
Published	10/07/2024	{{c1::Supraorbital notch}} is where the supraorbital vessels pass through
Published	10/07/2024	Thickest and strongest orbital wall{{c1::Lateral}} wall
Published	10/07/2024	The orbital apex is a site of origin for extraocular muscles except for the {{c1::inferior oblique muscle}}
Published	10/07/2024	Thinnest orbital wall{{c1::Medial wal}}
Published	10/07/2024	Most posterior part of the orbit{{c1::Orbital Apex}}
Published	10/07/2024	Site of origin of all extraocular muscles except inferior oblique {{c1::Annulus of Zinn}}
Published	10/07/2024	State the structures that pass through ff. openingsSOF - Within annulus ring {{c2::Superior division of CN IIIInferior division of CN IIICN VINas…
Published	10/07/2024	Main arterial supply of the eye {{c1::Ophthalmic artery}}
Published	10/07/2024	Artery that supplies retina{{c1::Central retinal artery}}
Published	10/07/2024	Artery that supplies Extraocular Muscles{{c1::Muscular branch of opthalmic artery}}
Published	10/07/2024	Artery that supplies Uvea{{c1::Long and Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries}}
Published	10/07/2024	Artery that supplies Choroid{{c1::Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries}}
Published	10/07/2024	Artery that supplies Ciliary Body{{c1::Long Posterior Ciliary Arteries}}
Published	10/07/2024	Artery that supplies Eyelids{{c1::Medial palpebral arteriesSupraorbital arteriesSupratrochlear arteries}}
Published	10/07/2024	Arteries which form the major arterial circle of the iris {{c1::Anterior ciliary arteriesLong posterior ciliary arteries}}
Published	10/07/2024	The supraorbital vein and supratrochlear vein drains into the {{c1::superior opthalmic vein::Vein}}
Published	10/07/2024	Vein that drains the skin of periorbital region {{c1::Angular Vein}}
Published	10/07/2024	Angular veins drain into the {{c1::supratrochlear}} vein
Published	10/07/2024	Three main veins that drain into both the superior and inferior ophtalmic veins {{c1::Vortex veins Central retinal veinsAnterior ciliary vei…
Published	10/07/2024	Eyelid composition Anterior lamella{{c2::Skin Orbicularis oculi}}Posterior lamella{{c1::TarsusConjunctiva}}
Published	10/07/2024	Nerve supply of orbicularis oculi {{c1::Facial nerve CN VII}}
Published	10/07/2024	The orbital septum starts at the {{c2::periosteum of the orbit}} and inserts in the the {{c1::tarsus}}
Published	10/07/2024	Main supporting structure of the eyelids that contains the meibomian glands{{c1::Tarsus}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Modified sweat glands1. Glands of Zeis2. Glands of Moll{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Modified sebaceous glands1. Glands of Zeis2. Glands of Moll{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	Muscles that make up the levator complex {{c1::Levator palpebra superioris: striated muscleMuller’s (superior tarsal muscle): smooth muscle}}
Published	10/07/2024	Nerve supply of levator palpebra superioris {{c1::Occulomotor nerve CN III}}
Published	10/07/2024	Nerve supply of Muller’s (superior tarsal muscle){{c1::Sympathetic nerve}}
Published	10/07/2024	Origin of inferior oblique muscle {{c1::Nasal side of orbital wall}}
Published	10/07/2024	Blood supply of lateral rectus muscle {{c1::Lacrimal artery}}
Published	10/07/2024	Blood supply of inferior oblique muscle {{c1::Infraorbital artery}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Lines the posterior surface of the lids1. Palpberal conjunctiva2. Bulbar conjunctiva{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	Small, fleshy epidermoid that overlies semilunar fold {{c1::Caruncle}}
Published	10/07/2024	Gland that is located at superior region of tarsus {{c1::Gland of Wolfring}}
Published	10/07/2024	Gland that is located at conjunctival fornix {{c1::Gland of Krause}}
Published	10/07/2024	{{c1::Tenon's Capsule}} - fibrous membrane that envelops the globe from the limbus to the optic nerve composed of connective tissue that attaches to t…
Published	10/07/2024	Eye conjunctiva Blood supply {{c2::Anterior ciliaryPalpebral arteries}}Nerve supply{{c1::Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (CN V)}}
Published	10/07/2024	{{c1::Subtenon’s space}} is the area where medication/drugs can be injected in the eye
Published	10/07/2024	At the limbus, {{c1::tenon’s capsule}}, {{c1::conjunctiva}}, and {{c1::episclera}} are fused together
Published	10/07/2024	Eye components located at the anterior segment {{c1::CorneaIrisAqueous humor Lens}}
Published	10/07/2024	Eye components located at the posterior segment {{c1::Vitreous body RetinaChoroidSclera}}
Published	10/07/2024	Thin outer surface of sclera that contains numerous vessels to nourish the slcera{{c1::Episclera}}
Published	10/07/2024	T or FThe cornea is an avascular structure {{c1::True}}
Published	10/07/2024	What are the 5 corneal layers {{c1::Anterior EpitheliumBowman’s MembraneCorneal StromaDecemet’s MembraneEndothelium}}
Published	10/07/2024	Forms 90% of the corneal thickness{{c1::Corneal stroma}}
Published	10/07/2024	Maintains deturgescence of cornea{{c1::Endothelium}}
Published	10/07/2024	Basal lamina of of corneal endothelium{{c1::Decemet’s membrane}}
Published	10/07/2024	Why is the bowman's membrane not a true membrane?{{c1::It's acellular. Just a modified portion of the corneal stroma}}
Published	10/07/2024	Three structures that form the uvea{{c1::Iris (anteriorly)Ciliary bodyChoroid (posteriorly)}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Bright light1. Sphincter muscle contract2. Radial muscle contract{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	Arterial and nerve supply of iris Arterial supply {{c1::Major circle of iris}}Nerve supplyCiliary nerve
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Site of injection for ophthalmic drug1. Pars plicata of ciliary body 2. Pars plana of ciliary body {{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Contain fenetrated capillaries1. Iris2. Ciliary body {{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	Posterior segment of the uveal tract that is located between retina and sclera{{c1::Choroid}}
Published	10/07/2024	What are the 3 layers of blood vessels in the choroid?{{c1::Large sized vessels (Haller’s layer)Medium sized vessels (Sattler’s layer)Smaller sized ve…
Published	10/07/2024	Electrolyte that is highly concentrated in the lens {{c1::K+}}
Published	10/07/2024	Arterial supply of retina{{c1::Choriocapillaris immediately outside Bruch’s membrane (outer 1/3)Branches of the central retinal artery (inner 2/3)}}
Published	10/07/2024	Retinal structure that surrounds fovea{{c1::Macula (area centralis)}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Larger diameter on funds1. Artery 2. Vein {{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	{{c1::Cornea}}Avascular, no pigment and most transplantable organ
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaFunctions: {{c1::ProtectionTransparency}}
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaCharacteristicsStructure: fibers are {{c1::uniformly}} arrangedNutrition: {{c1::Oxygen, limbus vessels, aqueous humor and tears::(4)}}
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaLayers:{{c1::EpitheliumBowman's MembraneStromaDescemet's MembraneEndothelium}}
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaLayers:EpitheliumHas the ability to {{c1::regenerate}} due to {{c1::mitotic}} activity
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaLayers:StromaThickest layerInjury causes {{c1::opacities}} due to scarring
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaLayers:EndotheliumNo mitotic activityMost important for {{c1::corneal transparency}}Responsible for {{c1::deturgescence}}Pathology leads to {{c1…
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaEndotheliumStroma Na = {{c1::179 mEq/kg}}Aqueous Humor Na = {{c1::144 mEq/kg}}
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaEndotheliumContains {{c1::carbonic anhydrase}} and {{c1::Na-K ATPase}}
Published	10/07/2024	CorneaNerve Supply Epithelium and Stroma: {{c1::Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve}}Descemet's and Endothelium: {{c1::none}}
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersOcular Pain HistoryFeels like grain of sand: {{c1::Corneal Epithelial Defect}}Episodic in prolonged reading: {{c1::refractive p…
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal Disorders{{c1::Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus}}Affects one side of the face with pain up to 3 months after lesion resolutionNose involvement…
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersPE of CorneaVisual Acuity: subnormal acuity suggests {{c1::ocular or neural}} causeConfrontational visual field exam: defect su…
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersPE of CorneaStaining with FluoresceinIf corneal surface lesion - binds to {{c1::Bowman's layer}}
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersPE of Cornea{{c1::Chemosis}}: conjunctival swellingHyperemia: {{c1::corneal swelling or edema}}Conjunctival hyperemia: {{c1::ke…
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersPE of CorneaPupillary Exam{{c1::Photophobia}}Characteristic of corneal disease
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersPE of CorneaPupillary ExaminationAnisocoria: seen in {{c1::CN 3 palsy, angle-closure glaucoma, Horner syndrome, uveitis}}
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersPE of Cornea(+) RAPD: {{c1::optic neuropathy}}
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersPE of CorneaMotility and Alignment ExamConfirm {{c1::Grave's, orbital inflammation and tumor, CN 3, 4 and 6 palsy}}
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersCorneal Pathology findings{{c1::"Grain of sand” feeling due to epithelial defect Lesion stains with fluorescein Blurr…
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal DisordersPromptness of ReferralTypesTime withinSeverity of PainAssociated Conditions{{c1::Emergent}}{{c2::24 hours}}New and severeVisual…
Published	10/07/2024	Acute Corneal Disorders{{c1::Ciliary Injection}}Circumcorneal redness that requires prompt care
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisCauses{{c1::Microbial infection Trauma Very severe dry eyes Ultraviolet/radiation exposure (industrial site) Contact lens…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisDreaded Complication: {{c1::Visual loss}}Causes of visual loss: {{c1::Opacification, Perforation, Endophthalmitis, Loss of tissue}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisCorneal Infection in Contact Lens WearDue to {{c1::accumulation of surface deposits}} which can act as culture mediaOvernight wearing increas…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisCorneal Infection in Contact Lens WearHygieneDaily cleaner: remove {{c1::fat}}Weekly enzyme: remove {{c1::protein}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisCorneal Infection in Contact Lens WearCommon causative agent: {{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa}}Pathophysio: {{c1::Shifting of aerobic metabolism…
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c1::Bacterial Keratitis}}Expanding oval, yellow-white, dense stromal infiltratePresents {{c2::stromal suppuration and hypopyon}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisBacterial KeratitisPredisposing factors{{c1::Contact lens wearChronic ocular surface diseaseCorneal hypoesthesia}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisBacterial KeratitisTreatment{{c1::Moxifloxacin or Gatifloxacin}}
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c2::Pseudomonal Corneal Ulcer}}Bacterial {{c1::glycocalyx}} inhibits migration of neutrophils as the bacteria adheres to the contact lens
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisPseudomonal Corneal UlcerPresents with an {{c1::exuberant}} immune response
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c1::Fungal Keratitis}}Often seen after {{c2::ocular trauma with organic matter}} and frequent prolonged use of {{c2::topical steroids}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisFungal KeratitisGreyish-white ulcer, {{c1::feathery infiltrates, satellite lesions::important keywords used in exam}} and endothelial plaque{…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisFungal KeratitisSigns and Symptoms{{c1::Redness, pain, profuse mucoid discharge, intense anterior chamber reaction}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisFungal KeratitisTreatmentTopical: {{c1::Natamycin, Amphotericin B}}Severe cases: {{c1::systemic therapy}}Unresponsive to medication: {{c1::Pe…
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c1::Acanthamoebal Keratitis}}Ubiquitous, small lesion but severe painFindings{{c2::Patchy stromal and perineural infiltratesUlcerationRing …
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisAcanthamoebal KeratitisTreatment{{c1::Chlorhexidine or polyhexamethylene biguanide}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisAcanthamoebal Keratitis{{c1::Wesley ring}}: signifies later stage of AK
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c1::Viral Keratitis}}Presence of {{c2::dendritic ulcer with terminal bulbs}} that enlarge to become a {{c2::geographic}} lesion
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisViral Keratitis{{c1::Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus}}Chicken pox that remains in the ganglion and returns when the immune system is compromised
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisSterile Keratitis{{c1::Phlyctenules or Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis}}Accumulation of {{c2::lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and macropha…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisSterile KeratitisPhlyctenules or Phlyctenular KeratoconjunctivitisResponsive to {{c1::topical steroid::medication}}Causes: {{c1::TB, Staphylo…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisSterile KeratitisPhlyctenules or Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis{{c1::Conjunctival}}: small pinkish-white nodule near limbus that is usuall…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisSterile KeratitisPhlyctenules or Phlyctenular KeratoconjunctivitisTreatment:{{c1::Systemic treatmentTopical steroidsTreat underlying cause}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisPeripheral Corneal Involvement in Rheumatoid ArthritisCorneal involvement: {{c1::Arcus Senilis}}Bilateral peripheral corneal degenerationMedi…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisPeripheral Corneal Involvement in Rheumatoid ArthritisWithout InflammationWith Inflammation{{c1::Chronic and asymptomatic::time and presentat…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisPeripheral Corneal Involvement in Rheumatoid ArthritisTreatment {{c1::Systemic steroids and/or cytotoxic drug}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisPeripheral Corneal Involvement in Rheumatoid ArthritisWorkupCulture: {{c1::C-streak}}{{c1::Biopsy}}: if no result from culture
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c1::Band Keratopathy}}Calcium deposit limited to interpalpebral fissure involving the {{c2::epithelium, Bowman's membrane and anterior stro…
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisBand KeratopathyAssociated with {{c1::uveitis}}Removed by {{c1::EDTA}}
Published	10/07/2024	KeratitisTransplants{{c1::Penetrating Keratoplasty}}: {{c2::complete::complete/partial}} thickness graft{{c1::Lamellar Keratoplasty}}: {{c2::partial::…
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c2::Penetrating::Penetrating/Lamellar}} KeratoplastyDone for corneal {{c1::perforation}}
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c1::Lamellar::Penetrating/Lamellar}} KeratoplastyOnly {{c2::abnormal layer}} is removed thus there is less chance of corneal transplant rej…
Published	10/07/2024	Keratitis{{c1::Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty}}Decreases:{{c2::Rejection rateEndothelial cell failureCourse of topical steroid use}}Promotes&nbsp…
Published	10/07/2024	QC. 2⁄3 of the refractive power1. Cornea2. Lens{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Accomodation 1. Ciliary muscle contraction2. Ciliary muscle relaxation {{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Accomodation 1. Zonules increased tension2. Zonues decreased tension{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	{{c2::Presbyopia}} -increasing difficulty of reading at around {{c1::40}} years of age
Published	10/07/2024	Computers or phones should be {{c1::18-24}} inches away from the eyes
Published	10/07/2024	Rest your eyes for at least {{c1::20}} seconds every {{c1::20}} minutes by looking at something {{c1::20}} feet away
Published	10/07/2024	An exam technique that objectively measures the refractive error of the eye{{c1::Retinoscopy}}
Published	10/07/2024	Modality of refraction measurement for children patients{{c1::Cycloplegic refraction using atropine medication}}
Published	10/07/2024	Give objective methods to measure eye refraction {{c1::Retinoscopy Automated refraction Phoropter}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Long eyes1. Myopia2. Hyperopia{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Near-sighted1. Myopia2. Hyperopia{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Far-sighted1. Myopia2. Hyperopia{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	Type of eye lens to correct myopia{{c1::Biconcave lens OR Minus lens}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Correction of myopia1. Positive lenses2. Minus lenses{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	{{c1::Myopes::Myopia or Hyperopia}} have increased risk of retinal detachment and peripheral retinal changes
Published	10/07/2024	VR1. Light exposure2. Myopia progression {{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	Prevention of myopic degeneration {{c1::Maintain proper reading distanceAdequate lightingExposure to outdoors and sunlightMinimize non-academic g…
Published	10/07/2024	Type lens change that results to increased stiffness due to aging{{c1::Presbyopia}}
Published	10/07/2024	Age onset of presbyopia{{c1::38 to 46 years of age}}
Published	10/07/2024	Type of lenses to correct presbyopia{{c1::BifocalsTrifocalsProgressive}}
Published	10/07/2024	Type of eye lens to correct hyperopia{{c1::Biconvex}}
Published	10/07/2024	Type of lens to correct astigmatism {{c1::Cylindrical lens}}
Published	10/07/2024	Complication of anisometropia {{c1::Amblyopia because the eyes do not accommodate independently}}
Published	10/07/2024	Safest position for an intraocular lens is the {{c1::capsular bag}}
Published	10/07/2024	Type of lens to correct irregular astigmatism {{c1::Hard Contact lens}}
Published	10/07/2024	Complication of wearing contact lens for a long time to the cornea{{c1::Decreased oxygen nutrition}}
Published	10/07/2024	Corneal ulceration due to {{c1::Pseudomonas::bacteria}} infection
Published	10/07/2024	Treatment for bacterial keratitis due to contact lens wear{{c1::Ciprofloxacin 0.3%Ofloxacin 0.3%}}
Published	10/07/2024	Treatment for Acanthamoeba Keratitis{{c1::ChlorhexidinePolyhexamethylenebiguanide}}
Published	10/07/2024	Indications for 1st Gen Photorefractive Keratectomy {{c1::Stable myopia up to 6DAstigmatism no more than 3DHypermetropia up to 2.5D}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Indicated for higher degree of myopia1. Photorefractive keratectomy2. LASIK{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Flap is created1. PRK2. LASIK{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Prolonged period to achieve stable vision1. PRK2. LASIK{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	Type of technology used in Small Incision Extraction {{c1::Femtosecond laser technology}}
Published	10/07/2024	Corneal refractive surgery for presbyopia{{c1::Small Incision Lenticule Extraction}}
Published	10/07/2024	Hypertensive retinopathy phase where local autoregulatory mechanism is still intact{{c1::Vasoconstrictive phase}}
Published	10/07/2024	Hypertensive retinopathy phase where there is presence of vessel wall thickening and AV crossing{{c1::Sclerotic phase}}
Published	10/07/2024	Hypertensive retinopathy change where there is retinal hemorrhage and retinal ischemia {{c1::Exudative phase}}
Published	10/07/2024	Hypertensive grading on PE with AV nicking {{c1::Grade II}}
Published	10/07/2024	Hypertensive grading on PE with hemorrhages, exudates, and macular edema{{c1::Grade IV}}
Published	10/07/2024	Normal AV ratio{{c1::2:3}}
Published	10/07/2024	Early PE findings of hypertensive retinopaty{{c1::DEC AV ratio 1:3Arteriolar constriction Copper-wiring or silver-wiring and ghost vessels}}
Published	10/07/2024	Late manifestations of hypertensive retinopathy {{c1::Retinal bleedingOptic nerve damage}}
Published	10/07/2024	T or FAll Vaso-occlusive complication of hypertensive retinopathy will present with SUDDEN PAINLESS loss of vision{{c1::True}}
Published	10/07/2024	Type of systemic ocular complication that required immediate medical management{{c1::Central retinal artery occlusion}}
Published	10/07/2024	Etiology of CRAO{{c1::StrokeEmbolus}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Embolus1. CRAO2. CRVO{{c1::a}}
Published	10/07/2024	Golden period of CRAO resuscitation {{c1::90 minutes}}
Published	10/07/2024	Treatment for CRAO{{c1::Anterior chamber paracentesis (gauge 23)Acetazolamide & Beta blockersCarbon breathing}}
Published	10/07/2024	Important cause of visual morbidity among elderly{{c1::CRVO}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Better prognosis1. Non-ischemic CRVO2. Ischemic CRVO{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Grid laser (macula) treatment1. BRVO2. CRVO{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Variability in vision loss 1. CRAO2. CRVO{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Macular cherry red spot1. CRAO2. CRVO{{c1::A}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Optic disk edema1. CRAO2. CRVO{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	QC. Diffuse retinal hemorrhages1. CRAO2. CRVO{{c1::B}}
Published	10/07/2024	Treatment for ischemic CRVO{{c1::Total photocaogulation Anti-VEGF}}
Published	10/07/2024	Hypertensive retinopathy complication that results to altitudinal bluring of vision {{c1::Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy}}
Published	10/07/2024	Treatment for hypertensive optic neuropathy {{c1::Give steroids or treat the underlying cause}}
Published	10/07/2024	Hypertensive retinopathy complication that presents with headache, temporal artery pain, and jaw claudication {{c1::Giant cell arteritis}}
Published	10/07/2024	Diabetic retinopathy outcome of Type I DM{{c1::Proliferative diabetic retinopathy}}
Published	10/07/2024	Complications of proliferative DR{{c1::Vitreous hemorrhageRetinal traction detachmentNeovascularization}}
Published	10/07/2024	Earliest visible signs of diabetic retinopathy{{c1::Outpouchings of capillary microaneurysms}}
Published	10/07/2024	Give classification of NPDRLocalized swelling of the small blood vessels in the retina{{c1::Mild NPDR}}
Published	10/07/2024	Give classification of NPDRBlot hemorrhage and exudates on 1 or 2 quadrants of retina{{c1::Moderate NPDR}}
Published	10/07/2024	Give classification of NPDRBlot hemorrhage and exudates on 4 quadrants of retina{{c1::Severe NPDR}}
Published	10/07/2024	Important cause of blurring of vision in DR{{c1::Macular edema}}
Published	10/07/2024	Diagnostic procedure to screen for ischemia {{c1::Fluorescein angiogram}}
Published	10/07/2024	PE findings on retina of pre-proliferative DR{{c1::Cotton wool spots (soft exudates)Beading of retinal veins}}
Published	10/07/2024	Vitreous hemorrhage is a complication of {{c1::Diabetic Retinopathy::Systemic Ocular Complication}}
Published	10/07/2024	PE retinal findings with PDR{{c1::NeovascularizationViterous hemorrhageTraction retinal detachment}}
Published	10/07/2024	Ideal screening interval for T1DM DR{{c1::Within 3-5 years of diagnosis}}
Published	10/07/2024	Ideal screening interval for T2DM DR{{c1::At diagnosis}}
Published	10/07/2024	When to screen for DR for gestational DM pregnant mothers{{c1::1st trimester}}
Published	10/07/2024	Treatment for severe PDR{{c1::Panretinal Laser Photocoagulation}}
Published	10/07/2024	Management for vitreous hemorrhage complication in PDR{{c1::Vitrectomy}}
Published	10/07/2024	Treatment of choice for neovascularization{{c1::Panretinal photocoagulation}}
Published	10/07/2024	{{c1::VEGF}} is an important rate limiting step for neovascularization
Published	10/07/2024	Route of entry for vitrectomy {{c1::Pars plana anterior to ora serrata}}
Published	10/07/2024	Treatment for viterous hemorrhage that is non-absorbing {{c1::Mebrane traction peeling}}
Published	10/07/2024	Gold standard diagnostic test for pregnant px for DR{{c1::Seven-field photography after pupil dilation}}
Published	10/07/2024	Retina GeneralitiesLayers of Retina{{c1::Internal Limiting MembraneNerve Fiber LayerGanglion Cell LayerInner Plexiform LayerInner Nuclear LayerOuter P…
Published	10/07/2024	Retina GeneralitiesPathologies of RetinaCentral Retinopahies{{c1::Macular degenerationMyopic degenerationMacular holeEpiretinal membraneCentral Serous…
Published	10/07/2024	Retina GeneralitiesLayers of RetinaOuter Plexiform Pathology: {{c1::Foveoschisis}}
Status	Last Update	Fields