Notes in MtM III (Cell surface)

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Published	11/11/2024	The plasma membrane is a {{c1::selectively permeable}} barrier for cells.
Published	11/11/2024	The cell surface is composed of a mixture of {{c1::phospholipids}} and {{c1::proteins}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The main purposes of the cell surface are {{c1::receiving information}}, {{c1::import and export of molecules}} and {{c1::capacity of movement and exp…
Published	11/11/2024	The 5 main phospholipids present in cell membranes: {{c1::Phosphatidylcholine}}, {{c1::Phosphatidylserine}}, {{c1::Phosphatidylethanolamine}}, {{c1::P…
Published	11/11/2024	The general structure of phospholipids involves a {{c1::hydrophillic phosphate head}}, {{c1::glycerol}} and {{c1::2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails}}.
Published	11/11/2024	In a membrane, {{c1::hydophobic tails}} face {{c2::each other internally}} and {{c1::hydrophillic heads}} face {{c2::out towards fluids externally}}, …
Published	11/11/2024	The fluidity of the membrane is determined by the {{c2::fatty acid chain}} structure (more {{c3::unsaturation}} = more {{c1::fluidity}}).
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Signalling proteins}} and {{c1::lipid}} molecules can {{c2::diffuse laterally}} across a membrane.
Published	11/11/2024	Membrane fluidity helps ensure {{c1::membranes are equally shared}} between {{c1::daughter cells}} after division.
Published	11/11/2024	Membrane fluidity allows for {{c1::exocytosis}} (meaning {{c1::transport out the cell}}).
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Cholesterol}} {{c2::reduces}} fluidity by {{c3::inserting itself}} into {{c3::small gaps}} between {{c3::phospholipids}}.
Published	11/11/2024	There is more {{c1::phosphatidylserine}} and {{c1::phosphatidylethanolamine}} on the {{c2::cytosolic}} side of the cell membrane.
Published	11/11/2024	There is more {{c2::Sphingomyelin}} and {{c2::Phosphatidylcholine}} on the {{c1::extracellular}} side of the cell membrane.
Published	11/11/2024	Membrane proteins can be defined as being either {{c1::integral}} or {{c1::peripheral}}.
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Integral}} membrane proteins are {{c2::permanently attached}} to the bilayer and examples include {{c3::single-pass}} and {{c3::multip…
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Peripheral}} membrane proteins are proteins which are {{c1::non-covalently}} bound to the bilayer and examples include {{c2::lipi…
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Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Passive}} transport is the {{c2::movement of substances}} without using {{c2::energy}} derived by {{c2::ATP}}.
Published	11/11/2024	The 2 kinds of passive transport are {{c1::facilitated}} and {{c1::simple}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Simple diffusion is {{c1::the movement of substance straight}} through {{c1::the cell surface membrane}} down {{c1::the concentration gradie…
Published	11/11/2024	The ability of a solute to cross the membrane by simple diffusion depends on {{c1::concentration gradient}} and  {{c1::hydrophobicity}} / {{c1::c…
Published	11/11/2024	Facilitated diffusion is {{c1::the movement of substances}} through {{c1::the membrane proteins}} and driven by {{c1::concentration gradients}}.
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Published	11/11/2024	Active transport is the {{c1::movement of substances}} against the {{c1::concentration gradient}} using energy from {{c1::ATP hydrolysis}}.
Published	11/11/2024	There are 2 types of active transport, {{c1::primary}} and {{c1::secondary}}.
Published	11/11/2024	Primary active transport pumps substances {{c1::directly against}} the concentration gradient.
Published	11/11/2024	Secondary active transport couples {{c1::the transport of 1 chemical down a concentration gradient}} to {{c1::another chemical which travels against t…
Published	11/11/2024	The 2 types of secondary active transport is {{c1::symports}} and {{c1::antiports}}.
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