Notes in 📅 Merch 27 ✪ DS

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📅 Merch 27 - 📅 Module 5: Long Quiz 2 The Immune System, Blood Groups, and Hemostasis - 📅 Module 6: Long Quiz 3 Organization of Respiratory System - 📅 Module 6: Long Quiz 4 Gas Exchange, Perfusion, and Alveolar Ventilation; Regulation of Respiration and Respiratory Reflexes - 📅 Module 7: Long Quiz 5 Cardiac Electrophysiology and the Electrocardiogram - 📅 Module 7: Long Quiz 6 The Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds; The Circulation and Hemodynamics

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Published	01/14/2024	A 40 year old woman presents with fever cough and exertional dyspnea. Chest XRay reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Which of the following T lym…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is the distinction between innate and adaptive immunity? A. Ability of only one system to produce cytokinesB. Ability of only o…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the lymph node? A. It has a convex surface where afferent lymphatics centerB. It has a concave depression cal…
Published	01/14/2024	When an individual encounters bacteria they may be recognized on 1st encounter by the innate immunity via which of the following?A. AntibodiesB. …
Published	01/14/2024	A 5-year-old child falls and scratches herself and within a few days has an enlarged lymph node in the area draining the abrasion. The cells of the ly…
Published	01/14/2024	The early development of B cells is conducted under the influence of which of the ffA. Antigen B. CytokinesC. MHC class ID. MHC class II
Published	01/14/2024	A 4-year old boy has a large posterior auricular (behind the ear) lymph node following a middle ear infection. Bacteria is the causative agent. If ana…
Published	01/14/2024	A parasite live its outside hosts (extracellular), therefore cytotoxic T cells will not be cleared in the organism A. BCRB. C. MCH-I complexD. MCH-II …
Published	01/14/2024	Px peripheral blood is shown to have high eosinophil count. Which cytokine is most likely to be responsible?A. IL -1B. IL-5C. INF-yD. TGF-B
Published	01/14/2024	A patient presents infection with fever A patient presents with bacterial infection characterized by fever. The fever is due to which of the following…
Published	01/14/2024	The immunoglobulin produced against pathogens that enter through the mucous membranes has which of the ff structures?A. DimerB. MonomerC. Pentame…
Published	01/14/2024	Mature T lymphocytes preferentially migrate to which of the following lymphoid organs? A. spleenB. paracortex of the thymusC. PALSD. lymph n…
Published	01/14/2024	Generally used to refer to an area on a much greater molecule with which an antibody can react. A. AntigenB. EpitopeC. ParatopeD. Immunogen
Published	01/14/2024	A young boy is brought to the clinic where his mother reports that he was bitten by a bee two days earlier. The child's right hand is swollen and infl…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following statements concerning T Helper cells is true? A. Produce numerous cytokinesB. Possess membrane-bound antibodiesC. Function…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following immune response is caused by the innate immune cells? A. Phagocytosis by macrophagesB. Physical barrier produced by hairC.…
Published	01/14/2024	In order for a cell to ingest whole bacteria, the cell must employ which of the following: A. CytokinesB. AntibodiesC. PinocytosisD. Chemokines
Published	01/14/2024	In preparation for minor surgery, a 6 year old child is found to be blood group A and to have antibodies against blood group B in spite of never havin…
Published	01/14/2024	A 2-year old child with a sore throat is tested for antibodies to see if the infection is caused by this bacterium. The boy is found to have only IgG …
Published	01/14/2024	One of the following does not constitute the bonding site between an antigen and an antibody A. Hydrophilic bondingB. Hydrogen bondingC. Hydropho…
Published	01/14/2024	Fibrosis is initiated by fibroblasts. Which of these cytokines secreted by macrophages is responsible? A. IL-1B. IL-7C. TGF-βD. G-CSF
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following differentiates immunogen from antigen? An antigen A. is a foreign moleculeB. are usually proteins or polysaccharidesC. doe…
Published	01/14/2024	Microorganisms penetrate their innate defenses, and an inflammatory response may be initiated by the A. discharge of cytokines from neutrophilsB.&nbsp…
Published	01/14/2024	The antigen-binding site of an antibody molecule is formed from the molecule's variable region. Why is this region described as variable?A. They can c…
Published	01/14/2024	Pathogens that are processed and loaded in MHC Class II molecules are antigens from A. Extracellular BacteriaB. Virally-infected host cellC. Para…
Published	01/14/2024	Thymus defect; what happens if thymus is removed A. Inability to produce antibodiesB. readily accepts tissue transplantsC. Impaired bacterial res…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following factors are involved in the coagulation cascade of the extrinsic pathway A. 4, 5, 7, 10, 11B. 1, 2, 11, 14, 15C. 11, 12, 1…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following factors are involved in the coagulation cascade of the intrinsic pathway A. 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14B. 1, 2, 11, 14, 15C…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following factors are involved in prothrombin activator or prothrombinase? A. 13, 14, 15B. 5, 6, 7C. 8, 9, 10D. 2, 3, 4
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following factors are activated forms of procoagulation factors that were proteolytically cleaved or activated by thrombin?A. 1, 4, 7, 10…
Published	01/14/2024	Which ion has multiple roles in the coagulation cascade in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway, down to the common pathway?A. FeB. CaC. KD. Na
Published	01/14/2024	In hemostasis, it is considered the rate-limiting step in blood coagulation A. Presence of phospholipidsB. Rapid myogenic vasoconstriction of ruptured…
Published	01/14/2024	Which fibrinolytic substance directly lyses stable fibrin into fibrin breakdown products? A. PlasminB. PlasminogenC. t-PAD. u-PA + u-PAR
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following blood types is expressed when the enzyme used to catalyze is N-Acetylgalactosamine transferase?A. AB. ABC. BD. O
Published	01/14/2024	When neither A nor B agglutinogen is present, which of the following is the patient’s blood type? A. Genotype ABB. Genotype OAC. Genotype OBD. Ge…
Published	01/14/2024	When neither anti- A or anti-B agglutinins is present, which of the following genotype is the patient’s blood type?A. Genotype ABB. Genotype OAC.…
Published	01/14/2024	Among the types of RH antigens, the widely prevalent, and more antigenic in nature is the? A. CB. DC. ED. c
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following greatly reduces the risk of developing large amounts of d antibodies during the second pregnancy?A. Administering anti-d a…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following statement or statements is correct regarding antigen in blood cells? A. There are at least 30 commonly occurring antigen and hu…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true about agglutinin? A. Immediate after birth, the agglutinin in the plasma is zeroB. 2-8 months agglutinin begins to prod…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding immediate hemolysis of RBCs? A. immediate hemolysisB. immediate intravascular hemolysis
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true of surfactants? A. Epithelial cells that secrete surfactants are of the simple squamous typeB. Its effect is mainl…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following increases the anteroposterior size of the chest cage? A. Contraction of diaphragmB. Contraction of rectus abdominisC. Contracti…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following muscle/s is/are involved during quiet breathing? A. DiaphragmB. Abdominus RectiC. ScaleniD. A and B are correctE. All are …
Published	01/14/2024	Lung recoil initially causes the alveolar pressure to become A. PositiveB. NegativeC. More negativeD. Equal to atmospheric pressure
Published	01/14/2024	Which of this contribute to the slightly negative pleural pressure? A. Drainage of pleural fluid by the lymphaticsB. The interaction between the elast…
Published	01/14/2024	Which statement is true regarding transpulmonary membrane? It A. is a dynamic parameterB. is a negative pressureC. Determine Lung VolumesD. deter…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding the elastic forces in the lungs? A. Elastin is the main component of the total lung elasticity.B. Tissue elas…
Published	01/14/2024	The elastic recoil of the thoracic cage ____ the expansibility of the lungs A. decreasesB. increasesC. neutralizesD. has no effect on effect
Published	01/14/2024	The extent to which the lung will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure is calledA. Elastic recoilB. Lung capacityC. Lung comp…
Published	01/14/2024	The volume of air in the lungs that can be used in active breathing will comprise of: A. Inspirational capacity and expiratory reserve volum…
Published	01/14/2024	If there is obstruction in the small airways which of the following will increase? A. Inspiratory CapacityB. Vital capacityC. Expiratory Reserve volu…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is a finding in patients with obstructive lung disease? A. Decreased elasticityB. Increased lung complianceC. Decreased lu…
Published	01/14/2024	The volume of air in the lungs that cannot be measured directly is/are: A. residual volumeB. functional residual capacityC. total lung capacityD. A an…
Published	01/14/2024	The following is seen in obstructive lung disease A. Residual Volume is increasedB. Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second is decreasedC. Total Lung Cap…
Published	01/14/2024	During quiet respiration the amount of air that enters the lungs during inspiration is about? A. 100 mLB. 200 mLC. 500 mLD. 3500 mL
Published	01/14/2024	What is the MRV or the new air moved into the respiratory passageway each minute? A. 1.8 LB. 3 LC. 4.2 LD. 6 L
Published	01/14/2024	The volume of alveolar air that is renewed by the atmospheric air with each inspiration is A. 150 mLB. 250 mLC. 350 mLD. 500 mL
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true of dead space air? A. Dead space air decreases with ageB. Physiologic dead space air is part of the anatomic dead space…
Published	01/14/2024	In patients with Emphysema, there is destruction of alveolar walls, producing a smaller number of large alveoli. What are its effects regarding the re…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following describes wave C? A. Tidal VolumeB. Vital CapacityC. Inspiratory CapacityD. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following describes wave D? A. Vital CapacityB. Inspiratory CapacityC. Forced Vital capacityD. Functional Residual Capacity
Published	01/14/2024	Size of particulate matter in air with greatest chance of reaching the alveoli and removed by expirationA. <0.5 µmB. 1 µmC. 2 µmD. 5 µm
Published	01/14/2024	Components of air removed first during expiration? A. Alveolar AirB. Dead Space AirC. Atmospheric AirD. Alveolar air and Dead Space Air
Published	01/14/2024	Inhaled air particles greater than 6 um does not reach the alveoli due to which mechanism? A. coughing & sneezingB. turbulent precipitationC.…
Published	01/14/2024	The partial pressure of oxygen (O2 ) in an alveolus that is not being perfused by pulmonary capillaries isA. 40 mmHgB. 104 mmHgC. 149 mmHgD. 159 …
Published	01/14/2024	The PCO2 is lower in a solution than that of O2 because A. The CO2 will diffuse immediatelyB. The partial pressure of CO2 is less than O2C. O2 is…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following combinations is correct? A. Water Vapor Pressure: 57 mmHg B. PO2 in the arterial end of tissue capillary: 40 mmHgC. PO2 as…
Published	01/14/2024	During hypoxia, which of the following will happen A. Increased 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate levelB. Pulmonary vasoconstrictionC. Increased capillary blood …
Published	01/14/2024	The following occurs in heavy exercise: A. There is increased metabolism of CO2 and production of hydrogen ionsB. The core body temperature will incre…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following best describes the figure shown below? A. Net diffusion follows a concentration gradientB. Energy for diffusion is provide…
Published	01/14/2024	If the partial pressure of a particular gas chamber A is 40 mm Hg and gas chamber B is 95 mmHg what is the direction of movement?A. The gas will diffu…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding the partial pressure of gasses? A. The concentration of gas is inversely related to partial pressureB. T…
Published	01/14/2024	The composition if air that is expired first is: A. Alveolar airB. Dead space airC. Atmospheric airD. Alveolar and dead space air
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following factors affect the concentration and partial pressure of o2 and co2 in the alveoli A. Increasing the alveolar ventilation incre…
Published	01/14/2024	In which of the following conditions will there be increased affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin A. FeverB. ExerciseC. Tissue hypoxiaD. Loss of gast…
Published	01/14/2024	In emphysema, what happens to the respiratory membrane? A. Diminished alveolar surface areaB. Decrease diffusion coefficientC. Increase thicknes…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding the diffusing capacity of oxygen and carbon dioxide? A. During strenuous exercise, the diffusing capacity for…
Published	01/14/2024	Responsible for dip in PO2 in systemic arterial blood: A. There is loss of oxygen during transportB. Only 98% of the blood in the pulmonary artery is…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide? A. CO2 diffuses exactly opposite to the diffusion of O2B. Oxygen …
Published	01/14/2024	Represents physiological dead spaceA. Va/Q = 0B. Va/Q = infinity
Published	01/14/2024	Represents physiological shunting A. Va/Q = 0B. Va/Q = infinity
Published	01/14/2024	Shows the oxygen diffusion to the tissue capillaries
Published	01/14/2024	Shows the CO2 diffusion to the tissue capillaries
Published	01/14/2024	Shows the diffusion of oxygen to lungs.
Published	01/14/2024	The slow replacement of alveolar air is important in preventing sudden changes in gas concentrations and tissue pH in blood when respiration is tempor…
Published	01/14/2024	A high concentration of blood CO2 and hydrogen ions enhances the release of O2 in the tissues. This is called the Haldane effect. (T/F)A. TRUEB. …
Published	01/14/2024	The lower the rate of ventilation the faster it takes to renew air. (T/F) A. TRUEB. FALSE
Published	01/14/2024	For hemoglobin to release oxygen to the tissues, the PO2 must be around 40mmHg A. TRUEB. FALSE
Published	01/14/2024	During exercise, the O2 saturation is greatly reduced because of the shorter time that blood remains in the pulmonary capillaries.A. TrueB. False
Published	01/14/2024	The respiratory center is found in which part of the nervous system? A. medulla and ponsB. medulla and midbrainC. pons and midbrainD. medulla and…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following collections of neurons causes inspiration? A. Pneumotaxic CenterB. Ventral Respiratory GroupC. Dorsal Respiratory GroupD. …
Published	01/14/2024	The Nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS) is the sensory termination of which cranial nerves? A. CN X and XIB. CN XI and XIIC. CN X and XIID. CN IX…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true of the Inspiratory Ramp Signal? A. Consists of instantaneous bursts of action potential B. Begins abruptly and increase…
Published	01/14/2024	What group of neurons is located dorsally in the nucleus parabrachialis of the upper pons? A. Apneustic centerB. Pneumotaxic centerC. Dorsal resp…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following group of neurons controls the “switch off” of the inspiratory ramp signal? A. Apneustic CenterB. Pneumotaxic CenterC. Dors…
Published	01/14/2024	If the pneumotaxic signal is strong, respiration rate is ____ A. decreasedB. increasedC. unchangedD. variable
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following group of neurons is located in the nucleus ambiguus rostrally and the nucleus retroambiguus caudally?A. Apneustic centerB. Pneu…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true of the Ventral Respiratory Group? A. It regulates normal quiet respirationB. It contributes to extra respiratory d…
Published	01/14/2024	The Hering-Breuer Inflation Reflex will activate when tidal volume increases to more than ____. A. 500 mLB. 1000 mLC. 1500 mLD. 2000 mL
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following regarding the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex is true? A. When the stretch receptors are activated, the feedback respo…
Published	01/14/2024	Where is the chemosensitive area of the brainstem located? A. Beneath the dorsal surface of the medullaB. Beneath the ventral surface of the medu…
Published	01/14/2024	The only substance considered to have a direct effect on the chemosensitive receptors in the brain stem A. OxygenB. Carbon dioxideC. HydrogenD. B…
Published	01/14/2024	What substance is considered to have a potent INDIRECT stimulation of chemosensitive neurons? A. OxygenB. Carbon DioxideC. HydrogenD. Bicarbonate
Published	01/14/2024	Respiratory Center Activity is increased by changes of which parameter? A. Partial pressure of oxygen in bloodB. Partial Pressure of carbon dioxi…
Published	01/14/2024	Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the blood has ___ acute effect and __ chronic effect in alveolar ventilation. A. Weak ; PotentB. Weak; WeakC. Pot…
Published	01/14/2024	High PCO2 will demonstrate what change in alveolar ventilation? A. IncreasedB. DecreasedC. UnchangedD. Variable
Published	01/14/2024	Which substance is considered as a major controller of respiration? A. OxygenB. Carbon dioxideC. Hydrogen ionD. Bicarbonate ion
Published	01/14/2024	At what partial pressure of oxygen does the special mechanism for respiratory control through the peripheral chemoreceptors get to be activated?A.&nbs…
Published	01/14/2024	What nerves receive the afferent fibers from the impulses coming from aortic bodies in order to reach the DRG in the medulla?A. Glossopharyngeal nerve…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding the mechanism of stimulation of chemoreceptors? A. Voltage gated Potassium channels are activated during hypo…
Published	01/14/2024	Which compounds are mainly responsible for regulating ventilation in healthy humans at sea level? A. Carbon Dioxide and OxygenB. Oxygen and Hydrogen I…
Published	01/14/2024	What receptors are activated when pulmonary capillary are engorged with blood or when pulmonary edema occurs in Congestive heart failureA. Irritant re…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true regarding obstructive sleep apnea? A. Pure central Sleep Apnea accounts to 15% in all casesB. OSA increases daytime dro…
Published	01/14/2024	Immersion of the face in water causes the diving reflex to be activated which causes what response A. TachypneaB. ApneaC. TachycardiaD. Vasodilat…
Published	01/14/2024	The normal sweep speed of a 12-Lead ECG A. 25 mm/sec B. 50 mm/sec C. 10 mm/sec D. 100 mm/sec
Published	01/14/2024	Which accurately depicts the interventricular septum? A. V3 and V4 B. V5 and V6 C. V1 and V2 D. I and AVL
Published	01/14/2024	Interpretation of ECG strip A. Sinus tachycardiaB. Normal sinus rhythm C. Normal sinus rhythm with premature ventricular contractionD. Juncture tachyc…
Published	01/14/2024	This represents the time of atrial depolarization and conduction of impulse through the AV node and the His-Purkinje systemA. QRS Interval B. ST …
Published	01/14/2024	This part of ECG reading provides additional information about the chamber enlargement and mostly in the cardiac rotation.A. RhythmB. RateC. ST- Segme…
Published	01/14/2024	This is a center imaginary point in the bipolar leads (II ,III, avF) which serves as a “negative” pole in the unipolar leads (augmented limb leads and…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following ECG use is true, except? A. Interpretation of cardiac rhythmB. Diagnosis of Mitral valve prolapse C. Detecting ischemia or myoc…
Published	01/14/2024	Depolarization towards a positive electrode produces what? A. Isoelectric waveB. Negative deflection C. Positive deflection D. Equiphasic wave
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following ECG leads will point to an inferior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction? A. I, II, aVL B. V4, V5, V6 C. III, aVR, aVF D. II…
Published	01/14/2024	What segment easily identifies a patient who has ischemic changes or myocardial infarction? A. PR segment B. QT segment C. ST segment D. TP interval
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following correctly follows the flow of ECG interpretation? A. Rate, Rhythm, Interval, Overall Interpretation, Axis B. ST Segment, Rate, …
Published	01/14/2024	This lead is perpendicular to Lead II A. avFB. aVR C. II D. IE. aVL
Published	01/14/2024	The small initial R wave in leads V1 and V2 is due to which of the following? A. Bundle of His activation B. Septal depolarization C. Septal repolariz…
Published	01/14/2024	For most of the population, sinus node is supplied by which of the following: A. LAD B. RCA C. Septal perforators of the LAD D. Lcx
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following set of leads are excellent in detecting vectors in the horizontal plane? A. Bipolar leads B. Augmented leads C. Chest leads D. …
Published	01/14/2024	The transmission of cardiac impulse normally takes the longest time from the SA node to the A. Endocardial surface of the left ventricle B. Endocardia…
Published	01/14/2024	The total delay in the AV node and AV bundle is predominantly caused by the delay in: A. traveling through the internodal pathway B. in the AV node be…
Published	01/14/2024	Self excitation of nodal cells are brought about by the inherent leakiness of which of the following ion channels.A. Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium B.…
Published	01/14/2024	Arrange in the correct sequence the cardiac impulse from the SA node to the apex of the heart.A. Bachmann’s Bundle → AV Node → Bundle of His → LBB and…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these associations between the phases of FRAP and the respective primary cause is correct? A. Inward current of Ca (Phase 0) B. Outward curr…
Published	01/14/2024	The rate of discharge of pacemaker cells may be increased by decreasing: A. initial resting potential B. threshold potential C. slope of diastolic dep…
Published	01/14/2024	The cardiac ventricular muscles is at its absolute refractory period at a point A. Immediately after phase 2 B. The entire of phase 3 C. End of phase …
Published	01/14/2024	The primary cause of the plateau phase of the FRAP is the A. Slow inward sodium current B. Outward potassium current C. Inward calcium currents via L …
Published	01/14/2024	Allows the cells to discharge impulses spontaneously at regular intervals; best developed in nodal tissues A. BathmotropicB. Chronotropic C. Dromotrop…
Published	01/14/2024	Contractility: best developed in ordinary myocardial cells. A. Bathmotropic B. Chromotropic C. Dromotropic D. Inotropic
Published	01/14/2024	Conductivity, best developed in Purkinje cells A. Bathmotropic B. Chronotropic C. Dromotropic D. Inotropic
Published	01/14/2024	Phase 0 is caused by slow inward flow of Na+ A. SRAP B. FRAP C. Both SRAP & FRAP D. Neither SRAP & FRAP
Published	01/14/2024	Repolarization occurs during K efflux A. FRAPB. SRAP C. Neither FRAP or SRAPD. Both FRAP and SRAP
Published	01/14/2024	Prolonged plateau phase A. SRAP B. FRAP C. Both SRAP and FRAP D. Neither SRAP nor FRAP
Published	01/14/2024	The phases of diastole include the following except A. Rapid fillingB. Diastasis C. Atrial relaxation D. Atrial contraction
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the events in the cardiac cycle is TRUE? A. 81% flows to the left ventricle B. 19% goes to left ventricle at the end of atrial systole C. Atr…
Published	01/14/2024	C wave is caused by which type of event? A. Atrial depolarizationB. Bulging of AV valves into LA during isovolumic contractionC. Bulging of AV va…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following best explains the dicrotic notch observed in the aortic pressure? A. Sudden closure of aortic valves B. Sudden drop in the left…
Published	01/14/2024	At this phase of the cardiac cycle, the volume in the ventricles are the same, and the pressure abruptly increasesA. Isovolumetric relaxation B. Isovo…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following substrates provided becomes an important source of ATP generation during physical exercise?A. Fatty Acids B. Ketones C. Triglyc…
Published	01/14/2024	What biochemical process is the main fuel source of cardiac energy metabolism? A. Glycogenolysis B. Beta-oxidation C. Tricyclic acidD. Glycolysis in E…
Published	01/14/2024	More than half of the ATPs needed by the heart are consumed so that it may be able to: A. To facilitate muscle contraction B. To break down large bioc…
Published	01/14/2024	Consumption of oxygen by the cardiac muscle is influenced by all of the factors listed, except: A. Intramyocardial tension B. Contractile State C. Hea…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following chemical factors are least needed for cardiac oxidative metabolism? A. Ketone bodies B. Free fatty acids C. Glucose D. Triglyce…
Published	01/14/2024	A 52 year old patient was brought to the ER, there was an increase of blood pressure and dizziness. There is a stimulation of baroreceptors in the car…
Published	01/14/2024	Decrease pO2, Increase in pCO2, Lowering of pH, will lead to which of the following? A. Vasodilation B. Bradycardia C. Tachycardia D. Arrhythmia
Published	01/14/2024	A 36-year-old male presented at the ER with acidotic breathing associated with bipedal edema, ashen skin, and diaphoresis. Work-up revealed a serum po…
Published	01/14/2024	Hypocalcemia can cause which of the following ECG changes A. Decreased QT interval B. Prolonged QT interval C. ST Elevation D. Second degree AV Block
Published	01/14/2024	A 25-year-old patient presented to the ER with a 2-week history of cough productive with yellowish sputum. This is associated with a fever of 39 C, an…
Published	01/14/2024	The different sets of blood vessels in the human body have specific functions when it comes to the transfer of blood. Which of the following best desc…
Published	01/14/2024	How much blood do the pulmonary vessels receive in relation to total blood volume A. 9% B. 13% C. 30% D. 46%
Published	01/14/2024	How much is the cross-sectional area (cm 2 ) of the small veins A. 2500 B. 250 C. 80 D. 40
Published	01/14/2024	Because the same volume of blood flow must pass through each segment of the circulation each minute, the velocity of blood flow is inversely proportio…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the ff is true about pressures in various portions of the circulation? A. Because the heart pumps blood continually into the aorta, the mean …
Published	01/14/2024	In the placement of the chest leads, Lead V2, the exploring electrode is placed at the ____? A. 4th intercostal space, right sternal margin B. 4th in…
Published	01/14/2024	Color of the electrode placed at left leg. A. BlackB. Green C. Yellow D. Red
Published	01/14/2024	A long Lead tracing was done on A. IB. II C. III D. IV
Published	01/14/2024	Which is true in a stenotic blood vessel? A. Increased velocity B. Increased radiusC. Decreased resistanceD. Decreased eddy currents
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is true in small blood vessels? A. Decreased RBC, Decreased Plasma, Decreased HematocritB. Decreased RBC, Increased Plasma, Inc…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following states that the inward pressure of the blood vessel is directly proportional to tension of wall stress and inversely proportion…
Published	01/14/2024	Blood flow to the blood vessels is influenced by resistance. Which of the ff is true about resistance? A. directly proportional to the viscosity of th…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following conditions will have viscous blood? A. Dehydration B. Polycythemia vera C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these is true in arteriole? A. As blood flow increases, viscosity decreases B. The shear thinning increases, the blood becomes more viscousC.…
Published	01/14/2024	As the blood vessels branch, the radius becomes smaller. Which among these blood vessels have least resistance?A. Aorta B. Arteries C. Capillaries D. …
Published	01/14/2024	The flow of blood in each vascular component is the same as the flow of blood in each vascular component. This statement is true for:A. Poiseuille-Hag…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following statement/s is/are true? 1. Blood pressure reaches 70 mmhg two weeks at birth and 80 mmhg at the end of the month2. During REM …
Published	01/14/2024	At what phase does the thudding sound become muffled? A. Phase 2 B. Phase 3 C. Phase 4 D. Phase 5
Published	01/14/2024	This measures only systolic pressure, and is used to estimate systolic pressure in a noisy environment. A. Direct Measurement B. Riva-Rocci Method C. …
Published	01/14/2024	What is the mean arterial pressure of a person with blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg? A. 110 mmHgB. 95 mmHg C. 85 mmHgD. 130 mmHg
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is/are not a physiologic determinant of blood pressure? 1. Cardiac Output 2. Viscosity of blood 3. Quantity of blood in the Art…
Published	01/14/2024	In a capillary, the starling forces are as follows: Capillary hydrostatic pressure: 15 mmHg Capillary osmotic pressure: 25 mmHg Interstitial hydrostat…
Published	01/14/2024	Edema occurs when fluids from the capillaries leak into the interstitial spaces. Which of the following does not lead to edema:A. Protein Malnutr…
Published	01/14/2024	Blood in the thixotropic fluid is usually seen in the: A. Capillaries B. Arterioles C. Venules D. Small Arteries
Published	01/14/2024	The following is/are unipolar limb lead/s: 1. I 2. aVL 3. II 4. aVF
Published	01/14/2024	The chest leads presents a sagittal view of the heart. Which are the transitional leads? A. V1 B. V3 C. V4 D. V2
Published	01/14/2024	Which is related to laminar blood flow? A. Atherosclerotic plaque on vessel wall B. Cohesive force of blood on blood vessel wall C. Narrow Caliber D. …
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