Notes in Mehlman HY 4

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/28/2024	72M + drooping of left side of face + decreased muscle strength and increased tendon reflexes of both left upper and lower extremities + Babinski on l…
Published	02/28/2024	24M + experiment glucose injected IV, graph shows:1) when food is simultaneously consumed orally2) when no food is consumed; experiment shows tha…
Published	02/28/2024	24M + receives 50g of glucose IV vs 50g of glucose orally; insulin goes up more when glucose is consumed orally, why?{{c1::glucose-dependent insulinot…
Published	02/28/2024	6F + finds open bottle of aspirin; what finding suggest the dose consumed was toxic?{{c1::increased respiratory rate }}Tx: {{c2::sodium bicarb -&…
Published	02/28/2024	30M + shooting groin pain + increased blood pressure + mother had surgery for thyroid cancer; what's most likely to establish the cause of the patient…
Published	02/28/2024	Neonate + strange hereditary disease + mutation analysis shows homozygous gene deletionwhat is inheritance pattern?{{c1::Autosomal recessive}}
Published	02/28/2024	Patient takes nedocromil for seasonal allergies; what's MOA of drug:{{c1::blocks release of autacoids from cellular storage}}
Published	02/28/2024	84F + unilateral hydronephrosis caused by uretheral compression by a vasculature structure:structure?{{c1::ipsilateral common iliac artery}}
Published	02/28/2024	54M + progressive shortness of breath for four months + ascites + edema of lower extremities + bilateral pleural effusions + ejection fraction of 55%;…
Published	02/28/2024	Neonate + persistent cyanosis + normal Hct + normal RBC morphology + CXR and echo show no abnormalities; Dx?{{c1::methemoglobinemia due to deficiency …
Published	02/28/2024	40F + fibromuscular dysplasia + GFR is within normal range; what explains latter finding?{{c1::increased efferent arteriolar resistance}}
Published	02/28/2024	19F + external compression of left renal artery but has normal renalperfusion pressure; what explains latter findings? {{c1::decreased afferent a…
Published	02/28/2024	27M + from Pennsylvania + Hx of splenectomy + RBCs show intraerythrocytic rings; Dx?{{c1::Babesia}}
Published	02/28/2024	How many kilocalories in one gram of fat, carbs, protein, and ethanol?{{c1::4}} for both carbs and protein{{c1::7}} for ethanol{{c1::9}} kcal/g of fat
Published	02/28/2024	Q asks for mechanism via which insulin acts; answer = {{c1::tyrosine kinase (MAP)}}
Published	02/28/2024	Patient has infection and goes into septic shock; Q asks for what LPS binds to that causes shock:{{c1::Toll-like receptors}}
Published	02/28/2024	In toxic shock syndrome, S. aureus releases {{c1::TSST toxin (superantigen), which bridges MHC-II and TCR, causing the macrophage to release cytokines…
Published	02/28/2024	2F + missing superior left parathyroid gland; what's the embryologic defect?{{c1::fourth pharyngeal pouch}}
Published	02/28/2024	20F + recurrent Staph infections + deficiency of CD18; what mechanism best explains this condition?{{c1::failure of emigration of phagocytes to inflam…
Published	02/28/2024	40F + develops AML after exposure to agent; what is most likely agent?{{c1::benzene}}
Published	02/28/2024	54F + treated with anti-platelet agent that prevents platelets from interacting with fibrinogen; what's the agent?{{c1::abciximab}}
Published	02/28/2024	Which of the following is both anti-platelet agent and vasodilator? used for intermittent claudication after exercise regemin fails; {{c1::cilost…
Published	02/28/2024	57M + asks physician why celecoxib increases risk of adverse cardiovascular events?{{c1::inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthesis without inhibiting …
Published	02/28/2024	35F + started taking high-dose vitamins past few months as part of new diet + has cracked lips, rough/dry skin, and allopecia on scalpwhat vitamin exc…
Published	02/28/2024	46M + alcoholic + Q shows you hypersegmented neutrophil; what's the vitamin deficiency?{{c1::folate (B9)}}
Published	02/28/2024	34F + receives phentolamine; what intracelluar effect is expected?{{c1::decreased phospholipase C activity}};
Published	02/28/2024	17 + Hx of heavy menses + easy bruising + decreased Hb + normal platelets + normal PT + increased PTTwhat factor deficiency?{{c1::von Willebrand facto…
Published	02/28/2024	Q asks about which of the following is most likely to disturb Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:{{c1::appreciable rate of gene mutation}}
Published	02/28/2024	43M + elevated fasting glucose + arthritis + cardiomegaly; whats the mechanism for this condition?{{c1::increased intestinal absorption of iron}}Dx: {…
Published	02/28/2024	6M + hyperpigmentation around the lips + colonic polypswhat kind of polyps? {{c1::hamartomatous}}Dx: {{c2::Peutz-Jegher syndrome}}
Published	02/28/2024	26F + hyperpigmentation + BP of 100/60 + muscle weakness; what combination of sodium, potassium and cortisol are expected?{{c1::decreased sodium, incr…
Published	02/28/2024	80F + colonic diverticula; which part of the colon most likely has diverticula?{{c1::sigmoid colon}}
Published	02/28/2024	Q asks about what would be increased in third trimester of pregnancy; answer = {{c1::hepatic protein production}}
Published	02/28/2024	40F undergoing chemotherapy + has low leukocyte count; what drug helps?{{c1::pegfilgrastim (G-CSF)}}
Published	02/28/2024	27M + infertility + high serum testosteron + low serum LH and FSH; what's the most likely cause of this patient's infertility?{{c1::exogenous testoste…
Published	02/28/2024	25M + has facial nerve and optic nerve on left damaged in car accident; why does he regenerate facial nerve movement over time but not vision?{{c1::op…
Published	02/28/2024	Drug is given that increases insulin release; what is the MOA of this drug?{{c1::increases ATP/ADP ratio; theoretically}}
Published	02/28/2024	46M + esophageal varices; which vein is most likely to have increased blood flow?{{c1::left gastric vein}}
Published	02/28/2024	74M + lesion on cheek showing neoplastic cells with dense pigment granules; Dx?{{c1::melanoma}}
Published	02/28/2024	Woman gets toxoplasmosis, what is source (other than cats)?{{c1::Pork}}
Published	02/28/2024	Biostats Q about what increasing the number of participants in a study would result in; {{c1::decreased standard error of the mean; SEM = SD/ (sq…
Published	02/28/2024	50F + weight loss + progressive shortness of breath + CXR shows pleural-based mass encasing the lungs, what kind of cells are this patient's malignant…
Published	02/28/2024	30F + last menstrual period 8 weeks ago + USS shows no obvious fetus or gestational sac + curettage shows trophoblastic proliferation; what will chrom…
Published	02/28/2024	Pic showing a cavitating lung cancer; what's the diagnosis?{{c1::squamous cell carcinoma; can present with cavitary/cavitating lesion}}
Published	02/28/2024	35F + menorrhagia + deep/hoarse voice + delayed tendon reflexes + large, globular heart with crackles at lung bases + low Hct + low MCV; next best ste…
Published	02/28/2024	Biostats Q where researchers conclude there's no increased risk of cancer in one study group v another, with a p value 0.02; what does p value indicat…
Published	02/28/2024	Study finds high sugar consumption causes prostate cancer, with p value of 0.07; what does this p value indicate the probability of?  answer…
Published	02/28/2024	Q asks which of the following agents is an NMDA receptor antagonist;{{c1::ketamine}}
Published	02/28/2024	Q asks which of the following will occur as a result of gibing bortezomib:{{c1::decreased activation of CD8+ T cells; bortezomib is a proteasome inhib…
Published	02/28/2024	25M + motorcycle accident + now cannot dorsiflex left food but eversion intact; Q asks which nerve is damaged?{{c1::deep peroneal (fibular) nerve}}
Published	02/28/2024	21F + vesicular rash across left flank + pic shows multinucleated giant cells; what's the most likely pathogen to be screened for?{{c1::HIV}}
Published	02/28/2024	25M + 3-day Hx of paresthesias of the leg + difficulty swallowing + diminished tendon reflexes + CSF shows protein of 70 mg/dL and cell count of 5/uL;…
Published	02/28/2024	Q asks for which type of receptor agonism is associated with pain and itching:{{c1::H1 agonism}}
Published	02/28/2024	30M + sensory nerve injury in a bar fight; Q asks what's the rate-limiting step in reestablishing normal sensation in this patient; {{c1::slow an…
Published	02/28/2024	25M + rash on palms and soles + receives antibiotic Tx with drug he has received in the past; following current Tx, now has fever, tachycardia, and ta…
Published	02/28/2024	30F + rheumatoid arthritis + currently being managed with infliximab but has not improved; which mediator is the most likely contributing to symptoms?…
Published	02/28/2024	Function of sertoli cells:{{c1::produce aromatase}}
Published	02/28/2024	20M + both common carotids are compressed externally for 10 seconds; what effect will this have on alveolar ventilation, venous tone, arterial tone, a…
Published	02/28/2024	32M + bilateral renal enlargement + high blood pressure + father died from subarachnoid hemorrhage; pt likely has gene mutation in:{{c1::polycystin}}
Published	02/28/2024	52M + 3-month-Hx of burning in esophagus + Hx of diabetes + decreased pin-prick discrimination up to ankles + HbA1c of 9.6%; what's the MOA of the mos…
Published	02/28/2024	30F + cuts finger on paper; moments after the cut, bleeding stops; which of the following is mechanism for quick cessation of blood loss?{{c1::localiz…
Published	02/28/2024	28M + renal failure + hematuria + hearing loss; what's the mechanism for this patient's disease?{{c1::mutation in type IV collagen (alport syndrome, X…
Published	02/28/2024	19F + alkaline urine + renal tract calculi; which organism is most likely responsible?{{c1::Proteus}}
Published	02/28/2024	62F + high Hb + high WBCs + high platelets + pO2 93%; what combination of EPO and arterial O2 blood content is most likely in this patient?{{c1::decre…
Published	02/28/2024	What is the role of IkB in relation to NFkB?{{c1::releases NFkB after undergoing phosphorylation}}
Published	02/28/2024	Newborn + chorioretinitis + cataracts + microcephaly + no other info; Dx in the neonate?{{c1::CMV}}
Published	02/28/2024	14M + temp 103F + WBCs 25,000 with neutrophil shift; whatls the mechanism for the high leukocytes in this patient's blood?{{c1::accelerated release of…
Published	02/28/2024	Q asks what the anticodon sequence of tRNA does;{{c1::selecton of specific mRNA for ribosomal binding}}
Published	02/28/2024	15M + skiing accident + tachycardia + tachypnea + BP 98/72 + decreased breath sounds on right + CXR shows decreased lung marking on one side and large…
Published	02/28/2024	36M + stab wound to chest + low BP + JVD + systolic BP drops 12 mmHg on inspiration; Dx?{{c1::cardiac tamponade}}
Published	02/28/2024	42F + in hospital for surgery two days ago + shortness of breath + HR 92 + ECG shows no abnormalities; medication she needs has what MOA? {{c1::a…
Published	02/28/2024	29M+ lancinating/stabbing pain in cheek lasting several seonds + happens spontaneously; Q asks location of problem:{{c1::Pons}}
Published	02/28/2024	23F + relaxing after coming back from a run; which of the following describes her changes in diastole and systrole as her heart rate returns to normal…
Published	02/28/2024	40F + goes for a run; which of the following regarding diastole and systole representing her coronary artery filling pressure at rest vs while running…
Published	02/28/2024	50M with severe upper back pain and 3/6 holo-diastolic murmur loudest after S2; Dx?{{c1::aortic dissection}}
Published	02/28/2024	19M + comes to physician with chest pain after night of heavy partying + walks through the door bent over at the waist; Dx?ECG showing diffuse ST-elev…
Published	02/28/2024	37F + rheumatoid arthritis + PR-depressions and ST-elecations seen in many leads on ECG; Dx?{{c1::pericarditis}}
Published	02/28/2024	34F + severe chest pain + worse when reaching behind her back and above her head; Dx?{{c1::chostochondritis}}
Published	02/28/2024	34F + chest pain that does not change with position + chest pain worse with palpation; Dx?{{c1::costochondritis}}
Published	02/28/2024	53M + recent surgery + in hospital; Q asks for what post-surgical finding is most likely to reflect good recovery; {{c1::brisk diuresis}}
Published	02/28/2024	40M + history of alcoholism + serum potassium of 3.2; following K+ administration, potassium remains at 3.2; why?{{c1::hypomagnesemia; low Ca2+ and K+…
Published	02/28/2024	18M + gets lost hiking in woods for 3 weeks + BMI 27; what electrolyte we are worried about upon restoration of oral intake?{{c1::hypophosphatemia}}
Published	02/28/2024	31F + Hx of ITP + has splenectomy + platelet count goest back to norma; 6 months later, she has low platelets again; why?{{c1::accessory spleen}}
Published	02/28/2024	49M + long histology of alcoholism + presents with smelly stools + pancreatic enzymes are normal; Dx?{{c1::chronic pancreatitis}}.Tx with {{c1::pancre…
Published	02/28/2024	49M + alcoholism + had pancreatitis a week ago and recovered well with bedrest; now has fever + leukocytosis + increased serum lipase and amylase; dia…
Published	02/28/2024	40F + found in street with hypothermia + rewarmed in hosital + picture is shown of her feet and they're red; what electrolcyte are we most worried abo…
Published	02/28/2024	82F + found in her house by the staircarse; urine blood is 2+; RBCs on urine light microscopy are 3-4 per high-power field; Dx?{{c1::rhabdomyolysis}}
Published	02/28/2024	44M + recent surgery in hospital + tachycardia + fever + high BP; what drug should be administered?{{c1::chlordiazepoxide}}Dx is {{c1::delirium tremen…
Published	02/28/2024	13F + asthma attack + tremor + albuterol + IV steroids given for acute asthma attack; why is there tremor?{{c1::albuterol}}
Published	02/28/2024	57F + on various medications + comatose + seizure + prolonged QRS complexes on ECG; what med is responsible?{{c1::amitriptyline}}Tx: {{c1::sodium bica…
Published	02/28/2024	22M + on anti-depressant med + has suprapubic mass + face is hot and red; what drug is he on?{{c1::amitriptyline}}
Published	02/28/2024	30F + going on a plane + receives diphenhydramine to prevent motion sickness; what receptor is responsible for anti-motion sickness in this patient?{{…
Published	02/28/2024	24M + cuts his arm while scraping the BBQ in backyard; which cell infiltrating into the area of the wound in the acute setting will most likely decrea…
Published	02/28/2024	55M + hyperthyroidism + pulses absent on left lower extremity; Dx?{{c1::arterial embolic occlusion}}
Published	02/28/2024	80M + atrial fibrillation + severe abdominal pain + physical exam shows mild tenderness to palpatation; Dx?{{c1::acute mesenteric ischemia}}
Published	02/28/2024	65M + diabetes + Hx of CABG + intermittent claudication + pain in abdomen 1-2 hours after meals; most likely cause of abdominal pain?{{c1::atheroscler…
Published	02/28/2024	30M + rheumatoid arthritis + overdosed on methotrexate in suicide attempt + now has massive hepatonecrosis; liver can regenerate via which of the foll…
Published	02/28/2024	500 factory workers are surveryed to determine whether they amoke or not and whether they have COPD or not; what kind of study design is this?{{c1::cr…
Published	02/28/2024	20F + insulinoma; Q asks about C-peptide, insulin, and serum ketone levels; answer:{{c1::increased C-peptide, increased insulin, decreased ketones}}
Published	02/28/2024	2M + anemia + erythroblasts containing ferritin granules + enzyme analysis shows decreased delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase; administration of which…
Published	02/28/2024	62F + flank mass + serum calcium of 11.5 mg/dL + hemoglovin of 18.5 g/dL; Dx?{{c1::paraneoplastic syndrome}}
Published	02/28/2024	Neonate born at 28 weeks gestation + difficulty breathing; what oranelle is deficient?{{c1::Lamellar bodies}}
Published	02/28/2024	30F + pancreatitis + ARDS; following complete resolution of the ARDs, what is most likely to be increased in this patient's lungs?{{c1::surfactant pro…
Status	Last Update	Fields