Notes in 10 Growth and Development: Preschool and Middle Childhood

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	By {{c1::5}} y/o, the child can use the future tense
Published	07/30/2024	By {{c1::4}} y/o, the child can use the past tense
Published	07/30/2024	By {{c1::3}} y/o, the child understands the idea of “mine” and “his” or “hers”
Published	07/30/2024	Which develops first, bowel or bladder control?{{c1::Bowel}} control
Published	07/30/2024	At 4 y/o visual acuity of children is {{c1::20}}/{{c1::20}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you see toe walking beyond {{c1::2}} y/o, think of {{c1::spasticity, intellectual disability, autism, and other developmental disorders}}
Published	07/30/2024	Left or Right-Handedness starts at {{c1::18 months::Age}} and established at {{c1::3 years::Age}}
Published	07/30/2024	At preschool age, sleep declines to {{c1::11-13 hours/day}}
Published	07/30/2024	At 3 y/o visual acuity of children is {{c1::20}}/{{c1::30}}
Published	07/30/2024	Children should have complete primary teeth by {{c1::3}} y/o
Published	07/30/2024	Boys start knowing how to potty train by {{c1::5}} y/oGirls start knowing how to potty train by {{c1::4}} y/o
Published	07/30/2024	By 5 y/o, the child should learn about >{{c1::2000}} words
Published	07/30/2024	At what age does a child just understand use possessives (“my”), progressives (“-ing”), questions, and negatives?{{c1::21-24 months}}
Published	07/30/2024	Due to rapid acquisition of language, developmental disfluency and stuttering are most likely to emerge due to activation of cortical, sensory, and ce…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dialogic reading}} - reading aloud with a young child is an interactive process in which a parent repeatedly focuses the child’s attention on a …
Published	07/30/2024	By {{c1::3}} y/o, children self-identify sex and actively seek meaning of gender identity
Published	07/30/2024	Language Delays may be the first indication of the following:{{c1::Intellectual disability, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Child neglect::pathologies (3)}}…
Published	07/30/2024	Red flags of language development of a 30 month old child:Receptive: {{c1::Does not verbally respond or nod/shake their head}}Expressive: {{c1::Does n…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLLanguage Development3-4 years: understands simple {{c1::who, what, where and why}} questions and can talk about activities in school and…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLLanguage Development{{c1::4-5}} yearsCan pay attention to a short story and can answer simple questions about itCan include details in senten…
Published	07/30/2024	Red Flags for Language Development of a 36 month old childReceptiveExpressive {{c1::Does not understand prepositions or verbsDoes not follow 2 st…
Published	07/30/2024	Preschool age is at the {{c1::pre-operational}} cognitive cevelopment stageCharacterized by:{{c1::Magical thinking/Animism}}{{c1::Egocentrism}}{{c1::D…
Published	07/30/2024	Play Involves learning, physical activity, and socializationTypes<{{c2::2}} years: {{c1::Solitary}}{{c2::2}} years: {{c1::Parallel}}{{c2::3}} …
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLPlay{{c1::2-3 years::age}}: Imitation of {{c2::common experiences}}{{c1::3-4 years::age}}: {{c2::more extended scenarios involving singular e…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLRules{{c1::2-3 years}}: {{c2::Early rules about asking}}{{c1::3-4 years}}: {{c2::Rules change from moment to moment according to desire of ot…
Published	07/30/2024	Children younger than {{c1::8}} years are more vulnerable toadvertisements since they are not able to comprehend theconcept of persuasive intent.
Published	07/30/2024	By {{c1::5}} y/o, the child can differentiate right from wrong
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLPlayLimit duration of electronic play for {{c1::1 hour per day}} of quality programming with parental guidance
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLEmotional and Moral DevelopmentEmotional Challenges{{c1::2 years::Age}}: behavioral limits are predominantly external{{c1::5 years::Age}}: Co…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Limit Testing}} - Source of self-esteem or popularity and increases when behavior elicits attention
Published	07/30/2024	Temper tantrums normally appear toward the end of the {{c1::1st year of life}}, and peak in prevalence between {{c1::2-4 years of age}}Pathologic:Last…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLEmotional and Moral DevelopmentMoral Thinking begins before the {{c1::2nd birthday::age}}Child's sense of right and wrong comes from the desi…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLDevelopmental Red FlagsGross Motor{{c1::3 years::Age}}: {{c2::can’t stand on 1 foot momentarily}}{{c1::4 years::Age}}: {{c2::can’t hop}}{{c1:…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLDevelopmental Red FlagsFine Motor{{c1::3 years::Age}}: {{c2::unable to stack 8 blocks or draw a straight line}}{{c1::4 years::Age}}: {{c2::un…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLDevelopmental Red FlagsLanguage{{c1::3-5 years::Age}}: {{c2::Speech only half understandable }}{{c1::4 years::Age}}: {{c2::does not unde…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLDevelopmental Red FlagsCognitive{{c1::3 years::Age}}: {{c2::Does not know own full name}}{{c1::4 years::Age}}: {{c2::cannot pick shorter or l…
Published	07/30/2024	PRESCHOOLDevelopmental Red FlagsPsychosocial{{c1::3-5 years::Age}}: In constant motion, resists discipline, does not play with other children
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLAge and General CharacteristicsAge: {{c1::6-11 years}}Period of increased separation from the familySeek approval from teachers, other ad…
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLPhysical DevelopmentGrowthDiscontinuous in {{c1::3-6 irregularly timed}} spurtsGrowth rate: {{c1::3-3.5 kg and 6-7cm}} per yearHead growt…
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLPhysical DevelopmentTeethLoss of Deciduous Teeth: {{c1::begins at 6 years }}Replacement with adult teeth: {{c1::rate of 4 per year}}…
Published	07/30/2024	By {{c1::6}} y/o, the child should have a conscience
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLPhysical DevelopmentConcernsPhysical Fitness: {{c1::Declined}} in school age. Requirements: {{c1::1 hr per day}}Perception of Body Image:…
Published	07/30/2024	Read the fuck out of {{c1::this}}
Published	07/30/2024	By middle school age, children demonstrate {{c1::cognitive reorganization}} where they demonstrate ability to understand alternate points of view, bef…
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLCognitive DevelopmentSchool Readiness ConceptEvolved into an interactional relational modelFocus is the child, environment and resulting …
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLCognitive DevelopmentHighlights{{c1::1st 2-3 years of elementary school::Age}}: acquires fundamental skills of reading, writing and basic…
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLCognitive DevelopmentHighlightsInternal RewardsExternal Rewards  {{c1:: CompetitivenessWillingness to work for delayed rewardsBelief…
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLSocial and Emotional DevelopmentChanges in: Home, School and NeighborhoodMost influential: {{c1::Home and Family}}
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLSocial and Emotional DevelopmentHomeINC independence after first experience sleeping outside of homeParents: demand effort in school and …
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLSocial and Emotional DevelopmentSchool{{c1::Teacher}}: becomes an important figureSocial groups: tend to be same sexCentral ingredient of…
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLSocial and Emotional DevelopmentNeighborhoodMarks child's further separation from family with increasing importance of teacher and peer r…
Published	07/30/2024	MIDDLE SCHOOLMoral DevelopmentRules are established and enforced by an authority figure{{c1::Self-interest::Term}}: primary driver of behavior and rul…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Age2. Cortical Thickness{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Age2. Cortical Surface Area{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Scaffolding}} - When more brain regions are required in younger children than in older children to complete the same cognitive task.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lateralization}} - Localization of assorted functions where one develops competencies and skills in either or both hemispheres
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Development during lateralization1. Left hemisphere2. Right Hemisphere{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blooming - >2 million synapses formed from {{c1::36 weeks AOG::}} to {{c1::2 y/o}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pruning of extra synapses occurs at {{c1::4-6}} y/o
Published	07/30/2024	By the end of 2 y/o, somatic brain grows {{c1::fast::slow/fast}}er. Why?{{c1::Decreases in nutritional requirements and appetite, and the emergence of…
Published	07/30/2024	Preschool is from age {{c1::2-5}} y/o
Published	07/30/2024	At preschool age, babies {{c1::lose::lose/gain}} their baby fat
Published	07/30/2024	At preschool age, {{c1::2}} kg is gained per year
Published	07/30/2024	Birth weight quadruples by {{c1::2.5}} y/o
Published	07/30/2024	At preschool age, {{c1::7-8}} cm is grown per year
Published	07/30/2024	From 3-18 y/o, head circumference increases by {{c1::5-6}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	An average 4-year-old is {{c1::40}} inches tall and weighs {{c1::40}} pounds
Published	07/30/2024	At preschool age, children have genu va{{c1::lg::lg/r}}um and mild pes {{c1::plan::plan/cav}}us
Published	07/30/2024	Children should have a mature gait and run steadily by the end of {{c1::3}} y/o
Status	Last Update	Fields