Notes in Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

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Published	01/10/2024	PTH is {{c2::stimulated}} by {{c1::low ionized Ca}}, increased {{c1::serum phopshate}}, and low {{c1::magnesium}} and {{c2::inhibted}} by {{c1::increa…
Published	01/10/2024	Synthesis of PTH
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Hypomagnesemia}} leads to increase {{c1::intracellular calcium levels}}, thus inhibiting {{c1::PTH secretion}}.
Published	01/10/2024	How does PTH increase calcium levels?
Published	01/10/2024	Where are CaSr located?
Published	01/10/2024	How does CaSr act in the kidney?
Published	01/10/2024	Cinacalcet MOA
Published	01/10/2024	What does calcitriol do at the parathyroid and in the gut?
Published	01/10/2024	What are phosphatonins?
Published	01/10/2024	How does calcitonin work?
Published	01/10/2024	In {{c2::acidosis}}, you see an {{c1::increase}} in ionized calcium
Published	01/10/2024	In {{c2::alkalosis}}, you see an {{c1::decrease}} in ionized calcium
Published	01/10/2024	Why do you need to correct serum calcium levels for albumin?
Published	01/10/2024	Common etiologies of hypocalcemia
Published	01/10/2024	Clinical presentation of hypocalcemia
Published	01/10/2024	What is treatment for hypocalcemia?
Published	01/10/2024	What is the most common cause of non-PTH mediated hypercalcemia?
Published	01/10/2024	How can hypercalcemia affect the kidney?
Published	01/10/2024	How to treat hypercalcemia?
Published	01/10/2024	How is phosphorous stored in the body?
Published	01/10/2024	How is Phosphorous reabsorbed in the GI tract?
Published	01/10/2024	In the kidney, {{c3::Phosphorus reabsorption}} is inhibited by {{c1::PTH and FGF-23}} via reducing {{c2::NPT2A}} (transporter) expression
Published	01/10/2024	What are causes of hypophosphatemia?
Published	01/10/2024	What are causes of hyperphosphatemia?
Published	01/10/2024	How to treat hypophosphatemia?
Published	01/10/2024	How to treat hyperphosphatemia?
Published	01/10/2024	How is the majority of magnesium stored in the body?
Published	01/10/2024	What is the role of Mg in the body?
Published	01/10/2024	Causes, presentation, and treatment of hypomagnesemia
Published	01/10/2024	Causes, presentation, and treatment of hypermagnesemia
Published	01/10/2024	Treatment options for Ca/P/Mg disorders in CKD
Published	01/10/2024	What would you expect the PTH, phosphorous and calcium levels to be in secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Published	01/10/2024	What are causes of pseudohypokalemia?
Published	01/10/2024	What are causes of pseudohyperkalemia?
Published	01/10/2024	Where is the majority of potassium in the body?
Published	01/10/2024	Main factors in kidney affecting potassium concentrations
Published	01/10/2024	How does hypokalemia present?
Published	01/10/2024	EKG changes for hypokalemia
Published	01/10/2024	Non-renal causes of hypokalemia
Published	01/10/2024	Renal causes of hypokalemia
Published	01/10/2024	Renal causes of hypokalemia with HCO3 changes
Published	01/10/2024	What is hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Published	01/10/2024	Treatment for hypokalemia
Published	01/10/2024	How are hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia related?
Published	01/10/2024	Causes of hyperkalemia
Published	01/10/2024	Common drugs causing hyperkalemia
Published	01/10/2024	How to treat hyperkalemia?
Published	01/10/2024	Examples of cation exchange resins used to treat hyperkalemia
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Hyponatremia}} you have relatively {{c3::more}} {{c1::TBW}} compared to {{c1::total body Na}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Hypernatremia}} you have relatively {{c3::less}} {{c1::TBW}} compared to {{c1::total body Na}}
Published	01/10/2024	What is hyponatremia?
Published	01/10/2024	What is hypernatremia?
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Volume overload}} is caused by {{c1::a lot of salt and water}}; {{c2::volume depletion}} is caused by {{c1::reduced salt and water}}.
Published	01/10/2024	How to apporach electrolyte values and determining cause of imbalance in hyponatremia?
Published	01/10/2024	What do you check after ADH is elevated due to high serum Osm?
Published	01/10/2024	Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia
Published	01/10/2024	Treatment of Hypovolemic hyponatremia
Published	01/10/2024	Treatment of Hypervolemic hyponatremia
Published	01/10/2024	Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia
Published	01/10/2024	What is SIADH?
Published	01/10/2024	Causes of iso-osmolar/hyperosmolar hyponatremia
Published	01/10/2024	How does brain adapt to hypo-osmolality?
Published	01/10/2024	Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Published	01/10/2024	What is diabetes insipidus?
Published	01/10/2024	What is the cause of central DI?
Published	01/10/2024	What is the cause of nephrogenic DI?
Published	01/10/2024	Causes of Gestational DI
Published	01/10/2024	Treatment of central/gestational DI
Published	01/10/2024	Treatment of nephrogenic DI
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