Notes in Gastrulation and Neurulation

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Published	08/28/2024	Midline dimple or tuft of hair along lower back is suggestive of {{c1::spina bifida occulta::condition}}
Published	08/28/2024	What is gastrulation?Formation of {{c1::the three germ layers}}
Published	08/28/2024	In gastrulation, form{{c1::Ectoderm}} on top,{{c1::Mesoderm}} in middle, and{{c1::endoderm}} on bottom
Published	08/28/2024	Embryo: Mesoderm is always in-between ectoderm and endoderm, except at the {{c1::oropharyngeal}} membrane (mouth), the midline cranial to the pri…
Published	08/28/2024	How is the notochord formed?VERY BASIC: {{c1::mesoderm}} folds into tube
Published	08/28/2024	What is the primary malformation in spina bifida occulta?Vertebrae {{c1::fail to fuse}} over spinal cord
Published	08/28/2024	Where do mesodermal somites come from?{{c1::Paraaxial Column}} of intraembryonic mesoderm
Published	08/28/2024	What are mesodermal somites?Clumps of mesoderm that will turn into {{c1::∆ types of mesoderm (bones, muscles mostly)}}
Published	08/28/2024	Sacrococcygeal {{c1::teratomas}} are formed from remnants of the {{c2::primitive streak}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Primary neurulation}} is when the neural plate gives rise to the {{c2::neural tube}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Secondary neurulation}} occurs with the hollowing out of the neural tube
Published	08/28/2024	What is the difference between spina bifida meningocele and spina bifida meningomyelocele?{{c1::Meningocele - only meninges protrude through the openi…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Sonic hedgehog}} is secreted from the {{c2::notochord}} to signal formation of the midline CNS, formation of somites, and gut formation
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::WNT6}} and BMP's {{c1::4 and 7}} induce {{c2::slug}} in the future of neural crest cells.
Published	08/28/2024	What class of somites forms the musculature of the back and the anterolateral body wall?{{c1::myotomes}}
Published	08/28/2024	What class of somites forms some of the dermis of the scalp, neck, and trunk?{{c1::dermatomes}}
Published	08/28/2024	What class of somites gives rise to the vertebral bodies and arches and contributes to the base of the skin and cartilage?{{c1::sclerotomes}}
Published	08/28/2024	Neural crest cells start out as {{c1::ectoderm}}, transform to {{c1::fibroblasts}} to move through the body, and then some become {{c1::epithelial cel…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Hirschsprung disease}} results from absence of neural crest derived {{c2::ganglion cells}} and causes {{c3::megacolon}}
Published	08/28/2024	A {{c1::Schwannoma}} is a benign {{c2::neural crest}} cell tumor derived from {{c3::Schwann cells}}
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